T he first Automatic Extinguishing system on record was patented in England in

1723 and consisted of a cast of water, a chamber of gun powder, and a system
of fuses. In about 1852 the perforated pipe system represented the first form of a
sprinkler system used in the United States. In 1874, Henry S. Parmelee of New Haven,
Connecticut, patented the first practical automatic sprinkler.
C.J.H. Woodbury of the Boston Manufacturers Mutual Fire Insurance
Company & F.E. Cabot of the Boston Board of Fire Underwriters completed a study
on the performance of the sprinklers for the Factory Mutual Fire Insurance Company in
1884. This study was the basis for the first set of rules for the installation of Automatic
Sprinkler systems that were developed by John Wormald of the Mutual Fire Insurance
Corporation of Manchester, England in 1885. In 1887, similar rules were prepared in the
United States by the Factory Improvement Committee of the New England Insurance
Exchange.
In 1895, the commercial growth and development of sprinkler systems was so
rapid that a number of different installation rules had been adopted by various insurance
organizations. These problems lead to the creation of NFPA 13 and the formation of the
NATIONAL FIRE PROTECTION ASSOCIATION in 1896.
As has been the case for over 100 years, the intent of the NFPA is to provide a
means for analyzing sprinkler system information and presenting it a form that
will lead into effective system designs & installations. This task continues to
become increasingly demanding as scientific and other discoveries generate
information at an increasingly accelerated rate. In response to these challenges, NFPA
expanded the scope of NFPA 13 so that it is the most comprehensive document
addressing sprinkler systems.

NFPA 13:1.2.1
“The purpose of this standard shall be to provide a reasonable degree of protection for life and
property from fire through standardization of design, installation, and testing requirements for
sprinkler systems, including private fire service mains, based on sound engineering principles,
test data, and field experience.”
“As an installation standard, NFPA 13 DOES NOT specify the buildings or structures that require
sprinkler systems. The purpose of NFPA 13 is to provide for the proper DESIGN & INSTALLATION
of the sprinkler system and to specify acceptable system components when a sprinkler system is
required. In other words, NFPA 13 specifies HOW to properly design & install a sprinkler system
using the proper components. The standard DOES NOT identify when the system is required.”
 Cross
Main

A sprinkler system in which multiple

cross mains are tied together so as Branch
Line
to provide more than one path for
water to flow to an operating Sprinkler
Head
sprinkler and branch lines are not
Cross
tied together. Main
Feed
Main
Cross
Main

A sprinkler system in which parallel Feed

cross mains are connected by Main
multiple branch lines. An operating
sprinkler will receive water from
Branch
both ends of its branch line while Line
other branch lines help transfer
water between cross mains. Cross Sprinkler
Main Head

A sprinkler system in which multiple Branch

Line
branch lines are directly connected
to the cross main. An operating
sprinkler will receive water only
from its branch lines. And branch Sprinkler
Head
lines are not tied together.
Cross
Main

NFPA 13: Annex A

NFPA 13: 3.3.1

* Automatic Sprinkler – A fire suppression or control device that operates automatically when its heat activated element is
heated to its thermal rating or above, allowing water to discharge over a specified area.
NFPA 13: 3.3.21
* Sprinkler System – An integrated system of underground and overhead piping designed in accordance with fire
protection engineering standards. The installation includes one or more automatic water supply. The system is usually
activated by heat from a fire and discharges water over the fire area.
NFPA 13: 3.5
* Branch Lines – The pipes in which the sprinklers are placed, either directly or through risers.
* Cross Mains – The pipes supplying the branch lines, either directly or through risers.
* Feed Mains – The pipes supplying the cross mains, either directly or through risers.
* Risers – The vertical supply pipes in a sprinkler system.
 !" " # ! "

A sprinkler system employing automatic sprinklers attached to a piping system

containing water and connected to a water supply so that water discharges immediately
from sprinklers opened by heat from a fire.
# #
A wet pipe sprinkler system
may be installed in any
structure not subject to
freezing, to automatically
protect the structure, contents
and/or personnel from loss due
to fire. The structure must be
substantially enough to
support the piping system filled
with water. Using water as its
extinguishing agent, one wet
system may cover as much as
4,831 m2 in a single fire area
(Light & Ordinary Hazard).
FLOOR CONTROL VALVE ASSEMBLY ALARM CHECK VALVE ASSEMBLY

NFPA 13: 8.15.1.1.1.1

* Each sprinkler system shall be provided with a listed control indicating valve in an accessible location, so located as to
control & maintain all automatic sources of water supply.
 !" " # ! "

A sprinkler system employing automatic sprinklers attached to a piping system

containing air or nitrogen under pressure, the release of which (as from the opening of a
sprinkler) permits the water pressure to open a valve, and the water then flows into the
piping system and out the opened sprinklers.
# #
A dry pipe sprinkler system is
primarily used to protect
unheated structures or areas
where the system is subject to
freezing. Under such
circumstances, it may be
installed in any structure to
automatically protect the
structure contents and/or
personnel to support the
system piping when filled with
water. One system may
protect as much as 4,831 m2
in a single fire area (Light &
Ordinary Hazard).
$
A deluge system is a fixed fire-protection system which totally floods an area with
pressurized water through a system of piping and open nozzles or sprinklers. The
system piping is empty until the Deluge Valve is activated by a hydraulic, pneumatic,
electric or manual release system.
# #
Regular Deluge Systems
may be required to protect
extra hazard occupancies
by creating a fire buffer
zone or by cooling surfaces
to prevent deformation or
structural collapse.
Examples: storage or
process areas containing
substances having a low
flash point; areas in which
fire may spread rapidly;
tanks containing
combustible solutions,
transformers, equipment
pits or product handling
systems.
 !" " # ! "

#
A sprinkler system employing automatic sprinklers that are attached to a piping system
containing water and connected to a water supply that contains air that might or might
not be under pressure, with a supplemental detection system installed in the same
areas as the sprinklers.
# #
Preaction systems operate in several of ways and perform a variety of functions: (1)
Non-Interlocking; (2) Single Interlocked; (3) Double Interlocked. The detection system
may be hydraulic, pneumatic or electric and maybe actuated by manual, fixed
temperature rate of rise or other means. Detection system operates before the sprinkler
fuses and gives an alarm.

%" & &

- Designed to hold back water pressure in the piping
system until the sprinkler is activated, to be used in wet pipe sprinkler installations in buildings not
subject to freezing temperatures. Basically includes: Retard Chamber, Water Motor Alarm Gong,
Pressure Gauges & Standard Trims & Fittings.
- A fire suppression or control device that operates automatically
when its heat-activated element is heated to its thermal rating or above, allowing water to discharge
over a specified area.
- A sprinkler that does not have actuators or heat-responsive element.
- The valve controlling each system riser that is basically located in
the system riser or its supply piping.
- A backflow prevention device.
- A connection through which the fire department can
pump supplemental water into the sprinkler system, standpipe, or other system furnishing water for fire
extinguishment to supplemental existing water supplies.
- Provides both the test function and the express drain function for a wet
fire sprinkler system. Usually located at the remotest area of the system.
- A valve designed for the purpose of reducing the
downstream water pressure under both flowing (residual) and nonflowing (static) conditions.
- A valve or device designed for the purpose of reducing
the downstream water pressure under flowing (residual) conditions only.
- Device that is set to prevent a pressure on the fire protection
system greater than it can withstand.
- Connected directly to the main relief valve and provides a visual indication of the
water discharging through the line. Usually comes with a sight glass.
- Device installed on the discharge of a fire pump to accurately determine pump
performance.
- Device that actuates when water flow occurs at the downstream of the
system.
- Used to monitor the open position of an O.S. & Y. type
gate valve.
- Designed for the detection of a water flow condition in automatic fire
sprinkler system of particular designs such as wet systems w/ alarm check valve or dry pipe systems. It
may also be used to provide a low pressure supervisory signal.
- Releases air that may accumulate in the piping system.
- Located in the pipeline to the header. It allows the water to be drained when
not being used.
 '!

A sprinkler designed to be installed in such a way

that the water stream is directed downward against
the deflector.

$ (
A sprinkler designed to be installed in such a way
that the water spray is directed upwards against the
deflector.
#
A sprinkler having special deflectors that are designed to discharge
most of the water away from the nearby wall in a pattern resembling
one-quarter or a sphere, with a small portion of the discharge directed at
the wall behind the sprinkler.
)$
A sprinkler designed for use in light & ordinary hazard,
commercial occupancies such as banks, hotels,
shopping malls, schools hospitals, etc. Sprinklers that
have a thermal element with an RTI of 50 (meter-
seconds)1/2 or more.
# $ *#
A type of fast-response sprinkler that have a thermal element with
an RTI of 50 (meter-seconds)1/2 or more. And is listed for its
capability to provide fire suppression of specific high-challenge fire
hazards.
+ , #
A sprinkler which coverage is up to 400 ft2 for light & ordinary
hazard & 196 ft2 for extra hazard. Their use is especially
advantageous as a means of decreasing the number of sprinklers to
protect occupancies requiring an area/density application of water.

#
A recessed sprinkler with cover plates. These are decorative
sprinklers featuring a flat cover plate designed to conceal the
sprinkler. It is the best choice for architecturally sensitive areas
such as hotel lobbies, office buildings, churches & restaurants.

#
A type of specific application control mode sprinkler that is capable
of producing characteristic large water droplets and that is listed for
its capability to provide fire control of specific high-challenge fire
hazards. In some cases, they can provide an economic advantage
by eliminating in-rack sprinklers.
 '!

#
A type of fast-response sprinkler that has been
specifically investigated for its ability to enhance
survivability in the room of fire origin and is listed for
use in the protection of dwelling units.

A sprinkler secured in an extension nipple that has a

seal at the inlet end to prevent water from entering
the nipple until the sprinkler operates.-rack
sprinklers. These sprinklers are used where required
on dry pipe systems that are exposed to freezing
temperatures
# # --
A device for use in applications requiring special water
discharge patterns, directional spray, or other unusual
discharge characteristics.
* # . # # --
Foam-water spray nozzles combine a foam maker with a body and a
distributing deflector. They generate foam in the same manner described
for foam-water sprinklers, where supplied with foam solution under
pressure, and distribute the resulting foam, or water in the absence of
foam solution, in a special pattern peculiar to the particular head.

A sprinkler that does not have actuators or heat-

responsive elements.

NFPA 13: 6.2.3.1 The K-factor, relative discharge, and NFPA 13: 6.2.5.1 Automatic sprinklers shall have their frame
marking identification for sprinklers having different orifice sizes arms, deflector, coating material, or liquid bulb colored in
shall be in accordance with Table 6.2.3.1. accordance with the requirements of Table 6.2.5.1.
 !" " "

( (#-# / Occupancies or portions of other occupancies where the quantity and/or

combustibility of contents is low and fires with relatively low rates of heat release are
expected. Uses and conditions similar to the following:
Churches, Clubs, Eaves and overhangs, if of combustible construction with no
combustibles beneath, Educational, Hospitals, Institutional, Libraries, except large
stack rooms, Museums, Nursing or convalescent homes, Offices, including data
processing, Residential, Restaurant seating areas, Theaters and auditoriums,
excluding stages and prosceniums, Unused attics
# (#-# 0 12/ Occupancies or portions of other occupancies where
combustibility is low, quantity of combustibles is moderate, stockpiles of combustibles do not
exceed 8 ft (2.4 m), and fires with moderate rates of heat release are expected. Uses and
conditions similar to the following:
Automobile parking and showrooms, Bakeries, Beverage manufacturing, Canneries,
Dairy products manufacturing and processing, Electronic plants, Glass and glass
products manufacturing, Laundries, Restaurant service areas
# (#-# 0 32/ Occupancies or portions of other occupancies where
the quantity and combustibility of contents are moderate to high, stockpiles do not exceed 12
ft (3.7 m), and fires with moderate to high rates of heat release are expected. Uses and
conditions similar to the following:
Cereal mills, Chemical plants — ordinary, Confectionery products, Distilleries, Dry
cleaners, Feed mills, Horse stables, Leather goods manufacturing, Libraries — large
stack room areas, Machine shops, Metal working, Mercantile, Paper and pulp mills,
Paper process plants, Piers and wharves, Post offices, Printing and publishing, Repair
garages, Resin application area, Stages, Textile manufacturing, Tire manufacturing,
Tobacco products manufacturing, Wood machining, Wood product assembly

+ # (#-# 0 12/ Occupancies or portions of other occupancies where the

quantity and combustibility of contents are very high and dust, lint, or other materials are
present, introducing the probability of rapidly developing fires with high rates of heat release
but with little or no combustible or flammable liquids. Uses and conditions similar to the
following:
Aircraft hangars (except as governed by NFPA 409, Standard on Aircraft Hangars),
Combustible hydraulic fluid use areas, Die casting, Metal extruding, Plywood and
particle board manufacturing, Printing [using inks having flash points below 100°F
(38°C)], Rubber reclaiming, compounding, drying, milling, vulcanizing, Saw mills,
Textile picking, opening, blending, garnetting, or carding, combining of cotton,
synthetics, wool shoddy, or burlap, Upholstering with plastic foams

+ # (#-# 0 32/ Occupancies or portions of other occupancies with

moderate to substantial amounts of flammable or combustible liquids or occupancies where
shielding of combustibles is extensive. Uses and conditions similar to the following:
Asphalt saturating, Flammable liquids spraying, Flow coating, Manufactured home or
modular building assemblies (where finished enclosure is present and has
combustible interiors), Open oil quenching, Plastics processing, Solvent cleaning,
Varnish & paint dipping
\ && !"

# / A Noncombustible product that meets one of the following criteria:

(1) Placed directly on wooden pallets
(2) Placed in single-layer corrugated cartons, with or without single-thickness cardboard
dividers, with or without pallets
(3) Shrink-wrapped or paper-wrapped as a unit load with or without pallets
# / A Noncombustible product that is in slatted wooden crates, solid wood boxes,
multiple-layered corrugated cartons, or equivalent combustible packaging material, with or
without pallets.
# /
(1) A Class III commodity shall be defined as a product fashioned from wood, paper,
natural fibers, or Group C plastics with or without cartons, boxes, or crates and with
or without pallets.
(2) A Class III commodity shall be permitted to contain a limited amount (5 percent by
weight or volume or less) of Group A or Group B plastics.
# ,/ A product, with or without pallets, that meets one of the following criteria:
(1) Constructed partially or totally of Group B plastics
(2) Consists of free-flowing Group A plastic materials
(3) Contains within itself or its packaging an appreciable amount (5 percent to 15 percent
by weight or 5 percent to 25 percent by volume) of Group A plastics
The remaining materials shall be permitted to be metal, wood, paper, natural or synthetic
fibers, or Group B or Group C plastics.

COMMODITY REFERENCES:
* NFPA 13: A.5.6.3 to A.5.6.4.1 – Examples of Commodity Class
* NFPA 13: 5.6.4 – Classification of Plastics, Elastomers, and Rubber. Plastics, lastomers, and rubber (classified as Group
A, Group B, or Group C)
* NFPA 13: 5.6.2 – Pallet Types:
\ # " 6

* # 14 11/3/4/3/1/1 The water supply requirement for sprinklers only shall be calculated from
the density/area curves of Figure 11.2.3.1.5.

FIGURE 11.2.3.1.5 Density / Area Curves

* # 14 13/1/15/1/1 For protection of miscellaneous storage up to 12 ft (3.7 m) in height of

Group A plastic, rubber tires, rolled paper, and storage of idle pallets up to 6 ft (1.4 m) in height, the
discharge criteria in Table 12.1.10.1.1 and Figure 12.1.10 shall apply.
\ & "

* # 14 7/3/1 The maximum floor area on any one floor to be protected by sprinklers supplied by
any one sprinkler system riser or combined system riser shall be as follows:
(1) Light hazard — 52,000 ft2 (4831 m2)
(2) Ordinary hazard — 52,000 ft2 (4831 m2)
(3) Extra hazard : (a) Pipe schedule — 25,000 ft2 (2323 m2)
(b) Hydraulically calculated — 40,000 ft2 (3716 m2)
(4) Storage — High-piled storage (as defined in 3.3.12) and storage covered by other NFPA
standards — 40,000 ft2 (3716 m2)
* # 14 7/8/3/3/3 The maximum area of coverage of any sprinkler shall not exceed 400 ft2 (36 m2).
* # 14 7/8/4/3/1 The distance from sprinklers to walls shall not exceed one-half of the allowable
maximum distance between sprinklers.
* # 14 7/9/4/4 Minimum Distances from Walls. Sprinklers shall be located a minimum of 4 in.
(102 mm) from a wall.
* # 14 7/9/3/3/1: The maximum allowable protection area of coverage for a sprinkler (As) shall
be in accordance with the value indicated in Table 8.6.2.2.1(a) through Table 8.6.2.2.1(d).
COVERAGE SPACING
2
* Light Hazard : 18.6 m (pipe schedule) 4.6 m
2
: 20.9 m (hydraulically calculated) 4.6 m
2
* Ordinary Hazard : 12.1 m 4.6 m
2
* Extra Hazard : 8.4 m (pipe schedule) 3.7 m
2
: 9.3 m (hydraulically calculated 3.7 m
w/ density >= 0.25)
2
: 12.1 m (hydraulically calculated 4.6 m
w/ density <= 0.25)
* # 7/19/3/8/1 A listed check valve shall be installed in each fire department connection.
* # 14 9/4/1/1 Aboveground Pipe or tube shall meet or exceed one of the standards in Table
6.3.1.1 or be in accordance with 6.3.6.
* Welded & Seamless Steel Pipe ANSI / ASTM A 53
* Electric Resistance-Welded Steel Pipe ANSI / ASME B36.10M ASTM A 135
* Seamless Copper Water Tube ASTM B 88
* # 14 15/1/1: Listing. Underground Piping Materials shall be listed for fire protection service or
shall comply with the standards in Table 10.1.1.
* Ductile Iron, Steel, Concrete, Plastic (PVC), & Copper AWWA / ASTM
* # 14 11/3/3/1 Table 11.2.2.1 shall be used in determining the minimum water supply requirements for
light and ordinary hazard occupancies protected by systems with pipe sized according to the pipe schedules of
Section 14.5.
\ & "

* # 14 11/3/4/1/1: The minimum water supply requirements for a hydraulically designed

occupancy hazard fire control sprinkler system shall be determined by adding the hose stream
demand from Table 11.2.3.1.1 to the water supply for sprinklers determined in 11.2.3.1.5.

* # 14 13/4/1/3/1 Sprinkler protection criteria for the storage of materials on racks shall be in
accordance with 12.3.2 or 12.3.3 for storage up to 25 ft (7.6 m), and 12.3.4 and 12.3.5 for storage
over 25 ft (7.6 m).
* # 14 1;/;/;/7/1 Minimum operating pressure of any sprinkler shall be 7 psi (0.5 bar).
* # 14 1;/8/3/1/1 Unless permitted by 14.5.2.1.2 or 14.5.2.1.3, branch lines shall not exceed
eight sprinklers on either side of a cross main.
* # 14 1;/8/3/1/3 Where more than eight sprinklers on a branch line are necessary, lines shall
be permitted to be increased to nine sprinklers by making the two end lengths 1 in. (25.4 mm) and 1¼
in. (33 mm), respectively, and the sizes thereafter standard.
* # 14 1;/8/3/1/4 Ten sprinklers shall be permitted to be placed on a branch line, making the
two end lengths 1 in. (25.4 mm) and 1¼ in. (33 mm), respectively, and feeding the tenth sprinkler by a
2½-in. (64-mm) pipe.
* # 14 9/1/4 " / System
components shall be rated for the maximum system
working pressure to which they are exposed but shall
not be rated at less than 175 psi (12.1 bar) for
components installed aboveground and 150 psi (10.4
bar) for components installed underground.
* # 14 1;/8/1/4 The number of automatic
sprinklers on a given pipe size on one floor shall
not exceed the number given in 14.5.2, 14.5.3,
or 14.5.4 for a given occupancy.
\ < # " => * & !"

* #
“The SUM of all of the Sprinkler Flows at the remotest area.”

• Qs = (Density) X As X (#S) X (F.S.f)

where:
Qs = Sprinkler Flow Demand in GPM
Density= Minimum Rate of Water Application in GPM / FT2
As = Sprinkler Coverage in FT 2
#S = No. of Sprinklers to Calculate = (Area of Oper. /As)
F.S. f = Factor of Safety due to Friction Loss (10 %)
“The WATERFLOW dedicated to Fire Department use.”

• QH = (Inside + Outside) Hose

where:
QH = Total Hose Allowance in GPM
Inside = Hose Allowance from Inside Standpipe in GPM
Outside = Hose Allowance from Outside Standpipe in GPM

$ #
“Pressure needed at the Sprinklers to ensure that they FLOW at
the required level”

• PN = (Q / K)2
where:
PN = End-Head Pressure in PSI
Q = Remotest Sprinkler Flow in GPM
K = Sprinkler K-Factor in GPM / (PSI)1/2
“Pressure needed to OVERCOME the effects of Gravity”

• Pe = 0.434 X (H)
where:
Pe = Elevation Pressure in PSI
H = Elevation Difference Between Remotest
Sprinkler & Water Source in FEET
“Pressure needed to OFFSET the losses caused by the water
flowing through the system Pipes, Valves, and Fittings”

• Pf = 4.52X (Q/C)1.85X D- 4.87 X L

where:
Pf = Friction Loss Pressure in PSI
Q = Sprinkler Flow in GPM
C = Friction Loss Coefficient
D = Internal Diameter of Pipe in INCHES
L = Pipe Length including Fittings in FEET
\ < # " => "@!

* # 14 # ?#
\ < # " => "@!

* # 14 1;/;/4/1/1 Table 14.4.3.1.1 shall be used to determine the equivalent length of pipe
for fittings and devices unless manufacturer's test data indicate that other factors are appropriate.

* # 14 1;/;/;/;/9
The calculated pressure at each
sprinkler shall be used to determine
the discharge flow rate for that
particular sprinkler.
Notes:
1. Do not include fitting loss for straight-
through flow in a tee or cross.
2. Include pipe, fittings, and devices
such as valves, meters, flow switches
in pipes 2 in. or less in size, and
strainers, and calculate elevation
changes that affect the sprinkler
discharge.
3. Use the equivalent feet value for the
standard elbow on any abrupt 90-
degree turn, such as the screw-type
pattern.
4. Friction loss shall be excluded for the
fitting directly connected to a
sprinkler.
5. Calculate the loss for a tee or a cross
where flow direction change occurs
based on the equivalent pipe length
of the piping segment in which the
fitting is included.
\ "& ! @! &

,
Area Description : TEXTILE WAREHOUSE / MANUFACTURING
Commodity : Textile Products in Pallet (Stockpiles < 3.7 m Height)
Dimension : 80 m (L) X 30 m (W) X 10 m (H)
Determine : Pump Capacity, # of Sprinklers Required, Size / Quantity of
Alarm Check Valve Assembly, & Water Tank Capacity
$
(1.0) Design Basis:
Hazard Classification : Ordinary Hazard Grp. 2 - NFPA 13: Annex A.5.3.1
Area of Sprinkler Operation : 1, 500 ft2 (139 m2) - NFPA 13: 11.2.3.2.1.1
Design Density : 0.20 gpm / ft2 - NFPA 13: 11.2.3.2.1.1
Sprinkler Coverage (As) : 12 m2 – NFPA 13: 8.6.2.2.1

(2.0) No. of Sprinklers to Calculate (Expected to Operate) – (# S):

#S = Area of Sprinkler Operation = 139 m2 = 11.6 say 12 Nos.
Sprinkler Coverage (As) 12 m2

(3.0) Estimated Flow Demand:

Sprinkler Demand – (Qs): 10% additional Due
to Friction Loss
Qs = Density X (As) X (#S) X (F.S.f) Conversion Factor from
= 0.20 X 12 m2 X 12 Nos. X 1.10 X (3.28)2 sq. meter to sq. feet unit

= 340.83 GPM
Hose Stream Demand / Allowance – (QH):
QH = Inside (Hose Cabinets) + Outside (Hydrants)
= 250 GPM – NFPA 13: Table 11.2.3.1.1
TOTAL SYSTEM FLOW DEMAND = Qs + QH = 590.83 GPM say 750 GPM

(4.0) Pressure Demand:

End Head Pressure (PN):
2
PN = (Q / K)2 = (340.83 / 12) = 25.73 PSI
(5.6)
Conversion Factor
Elevation Pressure (Pe): from meter to feet unit

Pe = 0.434 X (Height) = 0.434 X 10 m X 3.28 = 14.4 PSI

Friction Loss Pressure (Pf):
Pf = Pf = 4.52X (Q/C)1.85X D-4.87 X L
= Calculate Each Pipe from Remotest Sprinkler to the Water Source
= say 45 PSI
TOTAL SYSTEM PRESSURE DEMAND = PN + Pe + Pf = 85.13 PSI say 100 PSI
\ "& ! @! &

(5.0) Required No. of Sprinklers = Area of the Warehouse = (80m X 30m)

Sprinkler Coverage 12 m2
= 200 Sprinklers

(6.0) Required No. of Riser / Alarm Check Valve Ass’y. – NFPA 13: 8.2.1(2)
= Area of the Warehouse = (80m X 30m) = 1 SET
Max. Area per Riser 4831 m2

(7.0) Water Tank Capacity = System Demand Flow X Duration – NFPA 13: Table 11.2.3.1.1
= 750 GPM X 60 MINS. (minimum)
= 45,000 Galons

$ #

Pump Capacity = 750 GPM @ 100 PSI (7 BAR)

Sprinkler Quantity = 200 Nos. (Upright Type, ½”Ø @ 5.6 K-Factor)
Alarm Check Valve = 1 SET @ 6” Ø c/w all Accessories
Water Tank Capacity = 1 SET @ 45,000 Gallons (171 m3) Capacity
\ !!" "!