SCULPTURES
Sculptures from Pre-historic Era
- Most commonly, prehistoric sculptors used
mammoth bone and ivory in carvings, as well
as perishable wood (NOW: hammer chisel)
- They are highly stylized depictions of women
with exaggerated female parts representing
fertility and sexuality.
Famous Sculptures of Pre-historic Era
Venus of Willendorf
- The Venus of Willendorf is an 11.1-
centimetre-tall (4.4 in)
- It was recovered on August 7, 1908 in Lower
Austria.
- REPRESENTS: She is a fertility figure, a
good-luck totem, a mother goddess symbol.
(fertility, sexuality and a woman’s womb)
Why does Venus of Willendorf have no face?
- because they only valued the reproductive
parts of women
Venus of Brassempouy
- The Venus of Brassempouy (also called the
Lady of Brassempouy or “La Dame de
Brassempouy”)
- REPRESENTS: the looks / power of women
Sculpture’s from Egyptian Era
- The most impressive and informative
remnants of the ancient world.
- The sculptures in ancient Egypt were created
for eternity and were placed in temples and
tombs.
- The sculptures depicted a wide range of
subjects, including pharaohs, their families,
people, animals, and slaves
Queen Nefertiti
- Nefertiti was a Queen of Egypt.
- The great royal wife of Pharaoh Akhenaten.
- Many pictures of Nefertiti, found in tombs and
temples, show her performing religious rites.
- (prettier than cleopatra )
- SYMBOLIZES: ability of women to lead and
beauty
Pharaoh Menkaure and his Queen
- It is presented in rigid postures, and were
simple and powerful with very little show of
private emotions.
- The statue is presented in the
Standing/Striding pose, with Menkaure rigidly
facing the front and his left foot positioned a
little forward.
REPRESENTS: power and authority of a king
Sculptures from Greek Era
- The main characteristics of ancient Greek
sculpture are proportion, poise, and the idealized
perfection of the human body.
- Represents athletes and soldiers
The Diskobolos of Myron
-Greek sculpture that represents a youthful ancient
Greek athlete, poised as if ready to spin around and
release the discus.
-SYMBOLIZES: The Discobolus stood as a symbol of
status, coveted for its astonishing display of human
agility and strength
Roman Period
-The sculptures were created mainly to honor their
ancestors, gods and goddesses, philosophers, military
generals, and leaders.
Portonaccio Sarcophagus
- Is a 2nd-century ancient Roman sarcophagus found in
the Portonaccio section of Rome
- Used for the burial of a wealthy Roman General who
was active in the Campaigns of Marcus Aurelius.
- It is a box like a funeral receptacle for a dead body.
 ARCHITECTURE - The three pyramids are the funerary structures
of the three kings of the fourth dynasty (2575 to
Pre-historic Era 2465 BC)
- Man has developed a form of architecture Mastaba
based on megaliths (a big rock), from the Greek
words lithos (stone) and megas (big). - It is a type of Egyptian tomb in the form of a flat-
roofed, rectangular structure
THREE MAIN TYPES OF MEGALITHS STONES
with outward sloping sides. It was made of mud-
1. MENHIR bricks or stone.
GREEK ARCHITECTURE
- A huge stone standing vertically on the ground, usually
standing in the middle of the field or arranged in rows. - Temples consisted of a central shrine or room in
an aisle surrounded by rows
2. DOLMENS
of columns.
- The word dolmen originated from the expression taol - These buildings were designed in one of three
maen, which means “stone table”. architectural styles

3. CROMLECH or orders:

- A Brythonic word where “crom” means bent or curved

and “llech” means slab or flagstones.

It is a circle of standing stones.

EGYPTIAN ERA
- This architectural style was developed during the pre-
dynastic period 4,000BC.
The Parthenon
CHARACTERISTICS OF EGYPTIAN ERA
- The Greatest Classical temple, ingeniously
engineered to correct an optical illusion.
1. The structure has thick sloping walls with few openings
to obtain stability. ROMAN ARCHITECTURES
2. The exterior and interior walls along with columns and
piers were covered with hieroglyphics and pictorial - They built sturdy stone structures both for use
frescoes and carvings painted in brilliant colors. and to perpetuate their glory.
3. Ornamentations were symbolic.
4. Temples were align with astronomically significant The Colosseum
events like equinox with precise measurements. - An ancient Roman amphitheater in Rome, Italy,

Pyramids of Giza known for its historical significance and

architectural grandeur.
- It is the most substantial ancient structure of
the world - It served as a venue for gladiatorial contests,
animal hunts, and other spectacle