FOURIER SERIES

Fourier series are infinite series designed to represent

general periodic functions in terms of simple ones, namely,
cosines and sines.

Fourier series are very important to the engineer and

physicist because they allow the solution of ODEs in
connection with forced oscillations and the approximation of
periodic functions.
Periodic functions
A function f(x) is said to be periodic if its function values
repeat at regular intervals of the independent variable. The
regular interval between repetitions is the period of the
oscillations.
Graphs of y = A sin nx

the function y = A sin nx has amplitude A;

and will have n complete cycles in 360°.

Graphs of y = A cos nx have the same characteristics.

Example:
Before we proceed, we need to consider some specific
integrals involving integers m and n. These are integrals over
a single period of periodic integrands.

The integrals that we are concerned with are those of sines,

cosines and their combinations where the integration is over a
single period from -ℼ to ℼ .
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In Summary
So, in summary we have;

And the Fourier series is;

Test Exercise:
Test Exercise: