Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan

al-Farabi Kazakh National University

Faculty of Geography and Environmental Management

IWS
The theme: “The structure of natural science knowledge”

Performed by: Mussa D.

Specialty: Geoecology
Checked by: Tazhibaeva
T.L.
 Almaty 2024
The structure of natural – scientific knowledge
Topic of my scientific work: The influence of the “Tengizchevroil”oil and gas
field on soil conditions
The Empirical Fact: Due to the increased anthropogenic impact on the soil cover,
the appearance of irreversible and adverse changes for humans is a cause for
concern. The Tengizchevroil oil and gas field is a large oil production field in the
Atyrau region. Therefore, the importance of determining the level of soil
contamination in the area due to production is high.

The Scientific Fact: The task of developing saline lands for the cultivation of
agricultural crops seems to be very complex, because the demand of cultivated
plants requires careful regulation of the water-salt regime of saline soils formed in
natural landscape systems.

Observation: Directly observing of soil cover condition of Tengizchevroil

Actual Experiment: Heavy metals in all studied samples are determined by the
atomic absorption method on an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Analytical
methods were used to analyze the composition of the soil.

Model Experiment: Conducting an experiment to analyze the physical and

chemical properties of the soil cover of Tengizchevroil.

The Imaginary Experiment: This might involve thought experiments or

hypothetical scenarios to explore potential outcomes or solutions.

Fixing of Results of Empirical Level of Researches: Ensuring the accuracy and

reliability of the data collected through empirical research.

Empirical Generalization: Drawing general conclusions based on empirical

observations and data.

Use of Available Theoretical Knowledge: Apply existing scientific theories and

principles related to the comprehensive study of soil conditions to explain
empirical findings.

The Image: Determining and comparing soil pollution levels

Hypothesis Formulation: Analyze a system of services that may aid soil
restoration and propose educated guesses or hypotheses about potential adverse
factors or problems

Its Check on Experience: Testing the hypothesis further by experiment.

The Formulation of New Concepts: Developing of new concepts based on

experimental results.

Introduction of Terms and Signs, Determination of Values: Defining of

terminology to make analysis easier.

Law Deduction (Conclusion): Making inferences and summarizing concepts

based on empirical evidence and theoretical foundations.

Theory Creation: Developing general theories or frameworks for determining soil

cover pollution levels.

Its Check on Experience: Testing the validity and predictive power of the
developed theories through further empirical research.

Application in Case of Need Additional Hypotheses: Influence of climate

variability, including changes in precipitation patterns and temperature regimes, on
soil erosion dynamics in the Tengizchrvroil. This hypothesis posits that
fluctuations in climate parameters may exacerbate soil erosion rates, leading to loss
of soil fertility and degradation of ecosystem services.