Thermodynamics II

Combustion Assignment
Due: 01 Nov 2023
Group 1
SURNAME AND INITIALS STUDENT NUMBER SIGNATURES
DINDI O L 22246389
DHLOMO M 22210317
DLAMINI S 22226368
DLUDLA N M 22242983
BIYELA S B 22136462
DLAMINI L 21808140
CHONCO SL 22250023
DEU R 22241011
GALELA F 22250986
GUMEDE ST 21632576
GUMEDE L 22146332
FAKUDE MM 22205757
Combustion
Question One

1.1 What is combustion?

Combustion is a chemical process in which a substance, typically a fuel, combines with oxygen gas to
produce heat, light, and various chemical products. There are three types of combustion rapid,
spontaneous, and explosive combustion.

1.2 Examples of Fuels

Solids Liquids Gases

Dry dung Petrol Methane
Wood Diesel Hydrogen gas

1.3 Which gas does not take part in a combustion reaction?

Nitrogen because the gas is inert. It is not highly reactive because of powerful triple bonds between
three pairs of electrons shared between two nitrogen atoms. The bonds formed between the atoms
require a substantial amount of energy to break to react with other atoms. This gas also acts as a
cooling agent during a combustion reaction.

1.4 Stoichiometric mass of air required to complete combustion of:

1.4.1 1kg of paraffin

2C6H14 +19O2 → 2CO2 +14H2O

1kg = 1000g

m
n=
Mw
1000
=
( 12× 6 ) +(14 ×1)
=11,63 moles

Stoichiometric moles of O2

11.63mC 6 H 14 X
‫؞‬ =
2 19
2 X 220 , 97
=
2 22
X =110.485 moles of O2

m= n × Mw
 = 110.485× (16×2)

= 3535,52g

= 3,54kg

Mass of Carbon dioxide

Stoichiometric mass of air =
23 % of air
3.535
=
0.23
kg
= 15.37
kg fuel

1.4.2 1kg of benzene

15
C6H6 + O2→6CO2 +3H2O
2
2C6H6 + 15O2→12CO2 + 6H2O

m
n=
Mw
1000
=
( 12× 6 ) +(1× 6)
= 12,821 moles

Stoichiometric moles of O2

12,821 X
:
2 15
2 X 192,315
=
2 2
X = 96,158 moles of O2

m= n × Mw

= 96,158 × (16×2)

=3077,056g

= 3,077kg

Mass of Carbon dioxide

Stoichiometric mass =
23 % of air
3.077
=
0.23
 kg
= 13.378
kg fuel
1.5 Terminology

1.5.1 Carbon monoxide

1.5.2 Sulphur dioxide

1.5.3 Carbon dioxide

1.5.4 Hydrocarbons

1.5.5 Excess air

1.6 Difference between a bomb calorimeter and a gas chamber

Bomb calorimeter Gas chamber

An instrument used for measuring the amount A confined area where fuel and air are burned
of heat produced in a chemical reaction or to produce heat or energy.
other process.
A sealed metal container is used for carrying
out chemical reactions.

Question Two

2.

Constituents Mass of constituent Balance combustion O2 required.

equation kg
( )
kg fuel
C 0.826 C + O2 → CO2 32
× 0.826 = 2.20267
12
H 0.108 2H2 + O2 → 2H2O 32
× 0.108 = 0.864
4
O 0.014 O + O → O2 0.014
N — — —
S 0.031 S + O2 → SO2 1 × 0.031 = 0.031

kg
Total theoretical O2 required = 3.084( )
kg fuel
3.084
2.1 Stoichiometric mass of air =
0.23
kg
= 13.41 ( )
kg fuel
2.2. When 30% of excess air is supplied
Actual mass of air = (13.41 + 0.30) × (13.41)

kg
= 17.433 ( )
kg fuel
Product of combustion kg Percentage by mass
Mass product( )
kg fuel
CO2 44 16,43 %
× 0.826 =3.0287
12
2H2O 36 5.37%
× 0.108 = 0.972
4
Excess O2 (17.433-13.41) × 0.23 = 5.02%
0.92529
Total N2 0.021+ 0.77 × 17.433 =13.444 72,94%
SO2 64 0.34%
× 0.031 = 0.062
32
Total 18.43199 100