Imp.

Short questions of Enzymes

Q#1:- What is Enzymes?

ANS:- Enzymes are the most important group of proteins which are biologically active. They tremendously increase
the efficiency of a biochemical reaction and are specific for each type of reaction. Without these enzymes the
reaction would proceed at a very slow speed making life impossible. Enzymes are composed of hundreds of amino
acids joined together and coiled upon themselves to form a globular structure.

Q#2:- Differentate between Co-factor and Activator?

ANS:- Some enzymes have non protein part know as Co-factor. It may organic and inorganic as well. The Co-factor
acts as bridge between the enzyme and its substrate. Some times the co-factor provides a source of chemical energy,
helping to drive reactions which would otherwise be difficult or impossible.e.g NAD, FAD.

The detachable co-factor is known as an activator if it is an inorganic ion. E.g Zn, Mg .

Q#3:- Differentate between Prosthetic group and Co-enzyme.

ANS:- If the Non-protein part is covalently bonded with the enzyme is called Prosthetic group.

If the Non-protein part is loosely attached to the protein part of enzyme is called Co enzyme.

Q#4:- Differentate between Apoenzyme and Holoenzyme?

ANS:- An enzyme with its co enzyme or prosthetic group removed is called Apoenzyme.

An activated enzyme consisting of polypeptide chain and a co factor is known as Holoenzyme.

Q#5:- Compare pepsin with pepsinogen?

ANS:- Pepsin is an enzyme that breaks down proteins into smaller peptides. Pepsinogen is inactive form of pepsin.

Q#6:- Write down characteristics of enzymes?

ANS:-

1. All enzymes are globular proteins.

2. They increase the rate of reaction without themselves being used up.
3. Their presence does not affect the nature or properties of end products.
4. Small amounts of an enzyme can accelerate chemical reactions.
5. They are very specific in their action.
6. They are sensitive to even a minor change in pH, temperature and substrate concentration.
7. Some enzymes require a co factor for their proper functioning.
8. They lower the activation energy of the reactions.

Q#9:- How does an enzyme accelerate a metabolic reaction?

ANS:- Enzymes lowers the amount of activation energy needed. The reduction in activation energy by the enzyme
accelerate a metabolic reaction.

Q#10:- why some enzymes are produced in the inactive form? Give example.
ANS:- Some enzymes are damaged if they are manufactured in their active form,so they are produced in their
inactive form.

Q#11:- What is active site of an enzyme? How it works? Give its two regions.

ANS:- The part of the enzyme where the substrate binds is called the active site.

The mechanism of enzymatic action. An enzyme attracts substrates (A substrate is a molecule that an enzyme reacts
with ) to its active site, catalyzes the chemical reaction by which products are formed, and then allows the products
to dissociate (separate from the enzyme surface). The active sites of an enzyme is made up of two definite regions.
Binding site. Catalytic site.

Q#12:- What is enzyme to enzyme chain?

ANS:- In certain cases enzymes act in a series of chemical reactions in a particular order to complete a metabolic
pathway such as respiration or photosynthesis. The successive enzymes containing these reactions are normally
present together in a precise order of reaction such that substrate molecules can be literally handed on from one
step in pathway are transferred to the enzyme catalyzing the next step.

Q#13:- Define induce fit Model of enzyme catalysis and who proposed it?

ANS:-