At the end of this lesson, each student should be able to:

1.Describe the structure and functions of an ENZYME

2.Distinguish the definition of a Catalysts and their difference with
Enzyme
3.Know the Reaction’s Activation Energy
4.Identify the Lock and Key Model and the Induced Fit Model
5.Answer each prepared questions by the reporter
TOPIC: ENZYMES
SUBTOPICS;
ENZYMES/
CATALYSTS

LOCK AND KEY

STRUCTURE
& INDUCED FIT
MODEL

ACTIVATION
FUNCTION
ENERGY
ENZYMES
The general name that chemists use for a chemical
entity that increases the speed of a reaction is a
“catalyst.”

Enzymes are biological catalysts--they catalyze the

chemical reactions that happen inside living things.
ENZYMES
a substance produced by a
living organism which acts
as a catalyst to bring about a
specific biochemical
reaction
CATALYSTS
 a substance that increases
the rate of a chemical
reaction without itself
undergoing any permanent
chemical change
two criteria have to be met :
 SIMILARITIES

CATALYSTS ENZYMES
affect the rate of a reaction affect the rate of a reaction
not all catalysts are enzymes enzymes are catalysts

Catalysts are substances that Enzymes are proteins that

increase or decrease the rate of increase rate of chemical
a chemical reaction but remain reactions converting substrate
unchanged. into product.
EXAMPLES OF AN ENZYME
CATALASE
Found extensively in
organisms that live in the
presence of oxygen,
catalase prevents the
accumulation of and protects
cellular organelles and tissues
from damage by peroxide,
which is continuously
produced by numerous
metabolic reactions.
an enzyme that brings about (catalyzes) the
reaction by which hydrogen peroxide is
decomposed to water and oxygen.

In mammals, catalase is found

predominantly in the liver.
STRUCTURE OF AN ENZYME
STRUCTURE OF AN ENZYME

ENZYME
A biological catalyst (usually a protein)

SUBSTRATE
The reactant molecule that an enzyme works
on

ACTIVE SITE
The part of the enzyme where the substrate binds
 FUNCTION OF AN ENZYME
Enzymes
 Make all of the reaction go
faster by lowering the activation
energy - that is the required
amount of energy needed for a
reaction to occur.
HOW DO ENZYMES WORK?

For two molecules to react they must collide with

one another. They must collide in the right
direction (orientation) and with sufficient energy.
Sufficient energy means that between them they
have enough energy to overcome the energy
barrier to reaction. This is called the activation
energy.
ACTIVATION ENERGY;

is defines as the

energy required to
start a reaction.
HOW DO ENZYMES WORK?

•LOCK AND KEY

MODEL

•INDUCED FIT
MODEL
LOCK AND KEY MODEL

This is the simplest model to

represent how an enzyme
works.
The substrate simply fits into
the active site to form a
reaction intermediate.
INDUCED FIT MODEL

In this model the enzyme molecule

changes shape as the substrate molecules
gets close.
The change in shape is 'induced' by the
approaching substrate molecule. This
more sophisticated model relies on the
fact that molecules are flexible because
single covalent bonds are free to rotate.
 How do enzymes speed up
reactions?

1. ACID-BASE CATALYSIS
2. COVALENT CATALYSIS
3. ELECTROSTATIC CATALYSIS
4. PROXIMITY AND ORIENTATION
EFFECT
– video
COMMON MISTAKES AND
MISCONCEPTIONS

Enzymes are "specific.“

Each type of enzyme typically only reacts
with one, or a couple, of substrates.
Some enzymes are more specific than
others and will only accept one particular
substrate.
COMMON MISTAKES AND
MISCONCEPTIONS

Enzymes are “reusable.”

Enzymes are not reactants and are not used up
during the reaction. Once an enzyme binds to a
substrate and catalyzes the reaction, the
enzyme is released, unchanged, and can be
used for another reaction.
QUIZES
The table below shows three enzymes found
in human body, and the temperature of their
locations.
Enzyme Body part Temperature (°F)

Ptalyin Mouth 98.06 - 98.6

Pepsin Stomach 99.14 - 99.68

Trypsin Small intestine 99.14 - 99.68

 How would a fever of 104°F most likely affect the

activity of these enzymes?
 QUESTION AND CHOICES;

 How would a fever of 104°F most likely affect the

activity of these enzymes?
– Choose 1 answer:
A. It will change the genetic code of the enzyme.
B. It could slow or stop enzyme function.
C. It would cause the enzyme to adapt to the new temperature.
D. It would increase enzyme activity to fight the infection off
faster.
 QUESTION AND CHOICES;

Enzymes act as biological:

A. solvents
B.inhibitors
C. substrates
D.catalysts
 QUESTION AND CHOICES;

 Which of the following are roles of amino acids at

an enzyme's active site?
– Choose 1 answer:
A. Preventing the substrate from entering the chemical
reaction
B. Binding the substrate to the enzyme
C. Converting the enzyme to receive a different substrate
D. Changing the enzyme itself
 QUESTION AND CHOICES;
 How does an enzyme affect the rate of a
reaction?
– Choose 1 answer:
A. It lowers the activation energy of the reaction, decreasing the
reaction rate.
B. It raises the activation energy of the reaction, decreasing the
reaction rate.
C. It raises the activation energy of the reaction, increasing the
reaction rate.
D. It lowers the activation energy of the reaction, increasing the
reaction rate.
THINGS TO REMEMBER;
 CATALYSTS ARE THE SUBSTANCE THAT MAKE THE REACTIONS GO
FASTER SAME WITH THE ENZYMES WHICH , IT IS A BIOLOGICAL
CATALYSTS.
 ENZYMES STRUCTURE ARE THE SUBSTRATE AND THE ACTIVE SITE.
 ENZYMES FUNCTION TO SPEED UP REACTION BY LOWERING THE
ATIVATION ENERGY.
 ENZYMES HAVE FOUR catalytic strategies; ACID-BASE CATALYSIS,
COVALENT CATALYSIS, ELECTROSTATIC CATALYSIS, PROXIMITY AND
ORIENTATION EFFECT
 ENZYMES ARE SPECIFIC AND THAT THEY CAN EACH BIND TO ONLY
SPECIFIC SUBSTRATES TO CATALYZE SPECIFIC REACTIONS.
 THERE ARE TWO MODELS THAT SHOWS HOW AN ENZYME WORKS; THE
LOCK AND KEY MODEL AND INDUCED FIT MODEL
SUMMARY
 REFERENCES
https://www.khanacademy.org/science/high-school-biology/hs-
energy-and-transport/hs-enzymes/a/hs-enzymes-review
https://www.rsc.org/Education/Teachers/Resources/cfb/enzymes.htm
https://www.khanacademy.org/test-
prep/mcat/biomolecules/enzyme-structure-and-function/v/an-
introduction-to-enzymes-and-catalysis