Subject Name and Code:

Wireless and mobile network Academic Year: 2023-24

(22622)

Course Name: IF6I Semester: SIXTH

A STUDY ON
GPRS (General Packet Radio Service)
MICRO PROJECT REPORT

Submitted in March/April 2024 by the 1 students

Sr. Roll No. Full Name of Students Enrollment Seat No.

No (Sem-VI) No. (Sem-VI)
01 08 Nayan Vilas Vishe 2109350139

Under the Guidance of Prof. Madhuri Lone

In
3 Years of Diploma Programme in Engineering & Technology of Maharashtra State
Board of Technical Education,
ISO 9001:2008(ISO/IEC-27001:2013)
SHIVAJIRAO S.JONDHLE POLYTECHNIC, ASANGAON.

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 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION,
MUMBAI

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Mr. Nayan Vilas Vishe Roll No. 08 of Sixth Semester of
Information Technology Diploma Programme in Engineering &
Technology at Shivajirao S. Jondhle Polytechnic Asangaon, Shahapur-
421601 has completed the Micro Project Satisfactorily in Subject Wireless and
mobile network (22622). In the academic year 2023-2024 as prescribed
curriculum of I Scheme.

Place: Asangaon Enrollment No:2109350139

Date: / /2024 Exam Seat No:

Madhuri Lone Shuveta Chanchlani Dr. Sneha h. Jondhle

Project Guide Head of the Department Principle

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 INDEX

SR.NO. TOPIC PAGE NO.

1 Abstract 4
2 Introduction 5
3 What is GPRS 6
4 What does GPRS do 6

5 Why GPRS 6

6 Timescale for GPRS 7-8

7 Features of GPRS 9-12

8 GPRS Architecture 13-16

9 How GPRS works 16-19

10 GPRS Roaming 19-20

11 Internet 21

12 Conclusion 22

13 Reference 23

ABSTRACT
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 ABSTRACT GPRS is data communication service system
based on packet switching which is carried by the GSM radio fisic
channel in order to increase efficiency and provide flexibility of the
service to external data packet network. GPRS service integration on
GSM network changes of GSM network architecture which are
allocation of access radio channel to GPRS and adding of new
equipment and interface. Many services could be pass through this
data packet network, one of the service based on data packet which is
hopefully can increase data packet network utility is Push To Talk
(PTT).
PTT is a half-duplex-mode voice service which is developed
so that it can be implemented in the cellular network. PTT is an
instant service which enables one-to-one and one-to-many user
communication and doesn’t need a dial-up process, users only have to
press the button on the UE (User Equipment) when they want to start
to talk. However, if the communication links is dense then the
conversation which use this service will have delays. On this final
assignment, the planning is done by PT Telkomsel region Bandung.
The planning process is begun with existing GPRS network
performance analysis which are traffic aspect and channel availability.
Then continued by the planning of PTT system including PTT system
infrastructure, the amount of PTT user forecast, equipment
dimensioning, the coverage of PTT service area, and PTT system QoS
according to the planning outcome. The outcome of this final
assignment is the total of PTT subscriber on 2010 which is 14566
user. The amount of PTT cequipment needed are 1 unit of GSN, 1
unit of control switch, 1 unit of Active Directory, and 2 units of web
servers.

INTRODUCTION
The name, General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) doesn't
convey much information to the non-technical user. Describing it as
providing a direct link into the Internet from a GSM phone, is much
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clearer. GPRS is to mobile networks what ADSL (Asymmetric
Digital Subscriber Line) is to fixed telephone networks the favoured
solution for providing fast and inexpensive Internet links.
GPRS will undoubtedly speed up a handset's Internet connection - but
it remains to be seen exactly how much speed can be wrung out of the
system. GPRS works by amalgamating (aggregating) a number of
separate data channels. This is feasible because data is being broken
down into small 'packets' which are re-assembled by the receiving
handset back into their original format. The catch is that the number
of receiving channels does not necessarily have to match the number
of sending channels. On the Internet, it is assumed that you want to
view more information (such as a complicated Web page) than you
want to send (such as a simple Yes or No response). So GPRS is an
asymmetric technology because the number of 'down' channels used
to receive data doesn't match the number of 'up' channels used to send
data.
The task of defining GPRS has been the responsibility of the Special
Mobile Group (SMG) - part of the 3GPP initiative (3rd Generation
Partnership Project). Rather than wait for the final version of the
SMG standard some manufacturers decided to go with GPRS
handsets which conformed to an earlier version of the specifications
known as SMG29

WHAT IS GPRS?
GPRS stands for General Packet Radio Service, and is a
relatively low cost technology that offers packet-based radio service
and allows data or information to be sent and received across mobile
telephone networks.Designed to supplement the existing mobile
technologies, like GSM, CDMA, TDMA etc.
WHAT DOES GPRS DO?

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 GPRS provides a permanent connection where information
can be sent or received immediately as the need arises, subject to
radio coverage. No dial-up modem connection is necessary. This is
why GPRS users are sometimes referred to be as being anytime-
anywhere "always connected". The GPRS tariff structure is based on
a fixed cost, dependent on the quantity of data required. In other
words customers will be able to fix their operating costs without the
concerns of variable billing.
WHY GPRS?
At present circuit switching technique like your telephone line,
in order to send or receive emails, transfer files or browse WAP/Web
sites.it is first necessary to make a 'data' call. The call is answered by
a modem or an ISDN adapter owned either by the network operator
itself (such as BT Cellnet) or by an Internet Service Provider (ISP).
Next the caller is 'authenticated' by giving a user ID and password and
then assigned an Internet address by the ISP or operator. The whole
process can take up to sixty seconds or more and even at the end of
this procedure the connection is slow - normally a mere 9.6 Kbit/s.

TIMESCALES FOR GPRS:

When a new service is introduced, there are a number of
stages before it becomes established. GPRS service developments will
include standardization, infrastructure development, network trials,
contracts placed, network roll out, availability of terminals,
application development, and so on. These stages for GPRS are:

Date Milestone

Throughout 1999-2000 Network operators place trial and

commercial contracts for GPRS
infrastructure.
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 Incorporation of GPRS
infrastructure into GSM
networks

Summer of 2000 First trial GPRS services become

available. Typical single user
throughput is likely to be 28
kbps.
For example, T-Mobil is
planning a GPRS trial at
Expo2000 in Hanover in the
Summer of 2000

Start of 2001 Basic GPRS capable terminals

begin. to be available in
commercial quantities

Throughout 2001 Network operators launch GPRS

services commercially and roll
out GPRS.
Vertical market and executive
GPRS early adopters begin using
it regularly for nonvoice mobile
communications

2001/2 Typical single user throughput is

likely to be 56 kbps. New GPRS
specific applications, higher
bitrates, greater network capacity
solutions, more capable
terminals. become available,
fuelling GPRS usage

2002 Typical single user throughput is

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 likely to be 112 kbps. GPRS
Phase 2/EDGE begins to emerge
in practice

2002/3 3GSM arrives commercially

Like the GSM standard itself, GPRS will be introduced in

phases. Phase 1 is expected to be available commercially in the year
2000/1. Point to Point GPRS (sending information to a single GPRS
user) will be supported, but not Point to Multipoint (sending the same
information to several GPRS users at the same time). GPRS Phase 2
is not yet fully defined, but is expected to support higher data rates
through the possible incorporation of techniques such as EDGE .
 FEATURES OF GPRS

 KEY USER FEATURES OF GPRS:

The General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) is a new
nonvoice value added service that allows information to be sent and
received across a mobile telephone network. It supplements today's
Circuit Switched Data and Short Message Service. GPRS is NOT
related to GPS (the Global Positioning System), a similar acronym
that is often used in mobile contexts. GPRS has several unique
features which can be summarized as:

SPEED:
Theoretical maximum speeds of up to 171.2 kilobits per
second (kbps) are achievable with GPRS using all eight timeslots at
the same. time. This is about three times as fast as the data
transmission speeds possible over today's fixed telecommunications
networks and ten times as fast as current Circuit Switched Data
services on GSM networks. By allowing information to be transmitted
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more quickly, immediately and efficiently across the mobile network,
GPRS may well be a relatively less costly mobile data service
compared to SMS and Circuit Switched Data.

NEW APPLICATIONS, BETTER APPLICATIONS:

GPRS facilitates several new applications that have not
previously been available over GSM networks due to the limitations
in speed of Circuit Switched Data (9.6 kbps) and message length of
the Short Message Service (160 characters). GPRS will fully enable
the Internet applications you are used to on your desktop from web
browsing to chat over the mobile network. Other new applications for
GPRS, profiled later, include file transfer and home automation- the
ability to remotely access and control in-house appliances and
machines.
SERVICE ACCESS:
To use GPRS, users specifically need:
 A mobile phone or terminal that supports GPRS (existing
GSM phones do NOT support GPRS)
 A subscription to a mobile telephone network that supports
GPRS Use of GPRS must be enabled for that user. Automatic
access to the GPRS may be allowed by some mobile network
operators, others will require a specific opt-in
 Knowledge of how to send and/ or receive GPRS information
using their specific model of mobile phone, including software
and hardware configuration (this creates a customer service
requirement)
 A destination to send or receive information through GPRS.
Whereas with SMS this was often another mobile phone, in the
case of GPRS, it is likely to be an Internet address, since
GPRS is designed to make the Internet fully available to
mobile users for the first time. From day one, GPRS users can

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 access any web page or other Internet applications- providing
an immediate critical mass of uses.

 KEY NETWORK FEATURES OF GPRS:

PACKET SWITCHING:
GPRS involves overlaying a packet based air interface on the
existing circuit switched GSM network. This gives the user an option
to use a packet-based data service. To supplement a circuit switched
network architecture with packet switching is quite a major upgrade.
However, as we shall see later, the GPRS standard is delivered in a
very elegant manner- with network operators needing only to add a
couple of new infrastructure nodes and making a software upgrade to
some existing network elements.
INTERNET AWARE:
For the first time, GPRS fully enables Mobile Internet
functionality by allowing interworking between the existing Internet
and the new GPRS network. Any service that is used over the fixed
Internet today- File Transfer Protocol (FTP), web browsing, chat,
email, telnet- will be as available over the mobile network because of
GPRS. In fact, many network operators are considering the
opportunity to use GPRS to help become wireless Internet Service
Providers in their own right.
SUPPORTS TDMA AND GSM:
It should be noted right that the General Packet Radio
Service is not only a service designed to be deployed on mobile
networks that are based on the GSM digital mobile phone standard.

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The IS-136 Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) standard,
popular in North and South America, will also support GPRS. This
follows an agreement to follow the same evolution path towards third
generation mobile phone networks concluded in early 1999 by the
industry associations that support these two network types.
 GPRS TERMINALS:-
A complete understanding of the application availability
and GPRS timeline requires understanding of terminal types and
availability. The term "terminal equipment" is generally used to refer
to the variety of mobile phones and mobile stations that can be used in
a GPRS environment; the equipment is defined by terminal classes
and types. Cisco Gateway GPRS Serving Node (GGSN) and data
network components interoperate with GPRS terminals that follow
the GPRS standards.

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 GPRS ARCHITECTURE :-
From a high level, GPRS can be thought of as an overlay
network onto a second-generation GSM network. This data overlay
network provides packet data transport at rates from 9.6 to 171 kbps.
Additionally, multiple users can share the same air-interface
resources.
GPRS attempts to reuse the existing GSM network elements as much
as possible, but in order to effectively build a packet-based mobile
cellular network, some new network elements, interfaces, and
protocols that handle packet traffic are required.
MODIFICATIONS REQUIRED FOR GPRS:

GSM Network Element Modification or upgrade required for

Subscriber Terminal (TE)
GPRS.
A totally new subscriber terminal is
required to access GPRS services.
These new terminals will be
backward compatible with GSM for
voice calls.

BTS A totally new subscriber terminal is

required to access GPRS services.
These new terminals will be
backward compatible with GSM for
voice calls.

BSC The base station controller (BSC)

will also require a software upgrade,
as well as the installation of a new
piece of hardware called a packet
control unit (PCU). The PCU directs

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 the data traffic to the GPRS network
and can be a separate hardware
element associated with the BSC.

Core Network The deployment of GPRS requires

the installation of new core network
elements called the Serving GPRS
Support Node (SGSN) and Gateway
GPRS Support Node (GGSN).

Databases (VLR, HLR, All the databases involved in the

and so on) network will require software
upgrades to handle the new call
models and functions introduced by
GPRS.

 GPRS REFERENCE ARCHITECTURE:

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GPRS SUBSCRIBER TERMINALS:
New terminals (TEs) are required because existing GSM
phones do not handle the enhanced air interface, nor do they have the
ability to packetize traffic directly. A variety of terminals will exist, as
described in a previous section, including a high-speed version of
current phones to support high-speed data access, a new kind of PDA
device with an embedded GSM phone, and PC Cards for laptop
computers. All these TEs will be backward compatible with GSM for
making voice calls using GSM.
GPRS BSS:
Each BSC will require the installation of one or more PCUs
and a software upgrade. The PCU provides a physical and logical data
interface out of the base station system (BSS) for packet data traffic.
The BTS may also require a software upgrade, but typically will not
require hardware enhancements.

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GPRS NETWORKS NODE:
In the core network, the existing MSCs are based upon
circuit- switched central-office technology, and they cannot handle
packet traffic. Thus two new components, called GPRS Support
Nodes, are added:
 Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN)
 Gateway GPRS Support Node (GGSN)
The SGSN can be viewed as a "packet-switched MSC;" it
delivers packets to mobile stations (MSs) within its service area.
SGSNs send queries to home location registers (HLRs) to obtain
profile data of GPRS subscribers. SGSNs detect new GPRS MSs in a
given service area, process registration of new mobile subscribers,
and keep a record of their location inside a given area.
 HOW GPRS WORKS:-
The General Packet Radio Service is Mobile Data upgrade
to a GSM mobile phone network. This provides users with packet
data services (similar to the Internet) using the GSM digital radio
network. Each voice circuit in GSM transmits the speech on a secure
14kbps digital radio link between the mobile phone and a nearby
GSM transceiver station. The GPRS service joins together multiple
speech channels to provide higher bandwidth data connections for
GPRS data users. The radio bandwidth remains the same, it is just
shared between the voice users and the data users. The network
operator has the choice of prioritizing one or the other.

RADIO INTERFACE:
Each GSM radio transceiver uses Time Division
Multiplexing to deliver eight voice circuits on one radio channel.
Each radio site may have one or more transceivers to provide
sufficient channels to end users (maximum numbers are limited by
many factors including operators radio license, interference with other

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nearby GSM cells, cost of equipment, capacity of radio site
infrastructure etc.)

In general the higher the data rate, the more power the
mobile device will use and the shorter the battery life and the higher
the transmitted RF power. If you are using GPRS with a mobile
phone, do not keep it near your ear for long periods while data
transfers are taking place.

GPRS MOBILE DEVICES:

The key use for GPRS is to send and receive data to a
computer application such as Email, web browsing or even telemetry
(telemetry refers to devices not being controlled by humans such as
cash point machines or traffic monitoring cameras etc.). To use GPRS
the service is 'dialed' in a similar manner to a standard data call
(though there is no phone no.) at which point the user is 'attached' and
an IP address is allocated. From then on data can flow to and from the
Internet until either the network unattaches you (maybe because of a
time-out, fault or congestion) or you manually unattach.

Some of the key issues are:

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  Using GPRS will not stop you making or receiving voice
calls.
 Current phones will usually suspend the data session while a
voice call takes place.
 Battery life will be reduced when using GPRS.
 The data needs to be connected with your computer.

The three standard methods to connect your computer to GPRS

mobile phone are:
 Infrared - available on most business mobile phones - just align
the IR. port on the phone with the IR. port on the Laptop
 Data-cable- reliable and doesn't require the careful alignment of
IR. which may be difficult when traveling
 Bluetooth - My preferred solution - often difficult to set up but
once its configured Bluetooth provides a very convenient
connection. Bluetooth is available for connecting to Laptops via
USB, PC-cards or CF-cards in addition to cards for PDAs such
as those offered by PALM. Older Compaq IPAQs will require
an expansion jacket but newer Pocket PC devices usually
include a suitable expansion port (check at the time of purchase.

GPRS data cards are also available, the issues here are:
 Fully integrated solution
 Best in Laptops with PC card expansion slots
 GPRS will drain your battery so expect reduced life
 You can subscribe to a different network than your GSM voice
supplier
 GPRS data cards will have their own SIM card and hence will
need another subscription to your mobile network.
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 GPRS ROAMING:
In the short term don't expect to be able to roam to many
countries with GPRS, many networks are still negotiating to set up
roaming agreements. Technically there are two type of GPRS
Roaming
➤ Home Network Roaming - Here all data is transmitted from
wherever you connect to a GPRS network to your home
GPRS network where it is connected to the Internet or your company
LAN as if you were indeed in your home country.
➤ Local Network Roaming Data- is just connected to a local
Internet connection point and will be subject to local conditions for
security and performance.
GPRS users would be advised to ensure they also are able to
use either GSM or High Speed GSM data (HSCSD) to retrieve their
data when traveling because of the changing state of GPRS roaming
agreements. They can either phone their ISP or RAS server on their
home network or subscribe to an ISP which provides local access
points in each country visited.
GPRS SECURITY:
The radio interface is considered to be relatively secure being
controlled by the GSM network's security (SIM card + HLR).
Security issues arise when data needs to leave the GPRS network to
be delivered to either the Internet or a company LAN.
NETWORK CONNECTIVITY:
As a business GPRS user you will have a choice of methods
to connect to the GPRS network - by far the most common method
will be via the Internet. For larger users you may connect your
company LAN to the GPRS networks using leased lines or Frame
Relay virtual circuits.

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INTERNET:
Your company probable already has an Internet connection
(though you may need more capacity if you add many GPRS users)
and this provides a quick and easy way of connection to GPRS.
The key problem is to deliver your data SECURELY to your
users, using strong encryption such as with SSL (128 bit) or VPN
(162 bit).
For secure company Email access you have a number of choices.
These include:
➤ VPN firewalls - this will provide secure access to everything on
the company LAN from GPRS and other Internet users.
➤ Microsoft Mobile Information Server
➤ WAP interfaces to your Email system e.g. Peramon

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➤ POP server set up a company POP server to provide Internet based
Email, make sure to enable additional security if required.
LEASED LINES:
Leased lines provide the most secure method of connecting to
GPRS but are traditionally expensive and have long contract periods.
(Min 1 year)
The protocol over the leased line would normally be frame
relay but it is possible you could use ATM with some networks. You
do not really need any CPE (Customer Premises Equipment) supplied
by your GPRS network supplier, just a spare Frame relay port on an
existing router. There may be economies to be made if you also use
the leased line to carry standard voice and data and bulk SMS in
addition to the GPRS.
Conclusion

GPRS is a new nonvoice service that allows information (in

packets) to be sent and received across a mobile network. Its
development is a key step in the evolution of mobile networks to 3G
networks. Altogether, GPRS provides for a better mobile Internet
experience that promotes the development of mobile information-
centric devices, and fuels the fusion of information and access
technologies.
Aside from shaping developments in technology, GPRS,
with its characteristics potentially pushes mobile Internet into
mainstream usage. This development has corresponding effects on the
Internet and the quality of information contained in the Internet, as the
characteristics and limitations of mobile devices dictate the type of
content on the Internet. The widespread use of GPRS also opens
doors for more development not only on existing mobile devices, but
in applications and complementary technology as well.

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 Reference

 https://www.oocities.org/iluvjae/gprs/conclusion.html
 https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/0-306-47319-4_10
 https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/ios/12_4t/mw_ggsn/
configuration/guide/ggsnover.html#:~:text=GPRS%20is%20a
%202.5G,instant%20messaging%2C%20and%20mutlimedia
%20messaging.

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