Listening Audioscript (IELTS)

1.
Possible (adjective) – боломжтой

2. To book (verb) – захиалах
3. To be lit up (adjective) – гэрэл нь ассан байх
4. To prefer (verb) – илүүд үзэх
5. To need to do something (phrase) – ямар нэгэн зүйл хийх хэрэгтэй байх
6. Detail (noun) – деталь, дэлгэрэнгүй мэдээлэл
7. To spell (verb) – үсэглэх
8. Surname (noun) – овог
9. Contact telephone number (phrase) – холбогдох утасны дугаар
10. In case (phrase) – -ж магадгүй болохоор
11. To cancel (verb) – цуцлах
12. To contact (verb) – холбогдох
13. I see (phrase) – за за ойлголоо
14. Lovely (adjective) – сайхан, хөөрхөн
15. To enjoy one’s stay (phrase) – ямар нэгэн газар байрлахдаа цагаа сайхан өнгөрөөх
16. Definitely (adverb) – батлагаатай
17. To recommend (verb) – санал болгох
18. To be glad (adjective) – баяртай байх
19. To suit (verb) – тохирох
20. Alternatively (adverb) – өөр сонголтоор
21. To get on the bus (phrase) – автобусандаа орох
22. £4 per person (phrase) – нэг хүн 4 англи фунт
2
Unit 1
CD1 Track 06
Tourist office assistant (TOA): Hello, how can I help you?
Tourist: Uh, hello. Is it possible1 to book2 a bus tour of the city here?
TOA: Of course, sir. When would you like to take the tour? There are tours in the morning,
afternoon, and evening..... sometimes it’s nice to see the city at night with the buildings lit
up3.
Tourist: We’ll be going out for dinner tonight, so we’d prefer4 to go this afternoon. Oh, and
it’s for two people.
TOA: Right. Now I just need5 some details6. Can you give me the names of the two people,
please?
Tourist: Yes. Susan Field and James Carter.
TOA: Susan Field and James – sorry, can you spell7 your surname8 for me, please?
Tourist: It’s Carter. C-A-R-T-E-R.
TOA: Thank you. And can I have a contact telephone number9?
Tourist: Why do you need one?
TOA: Just in case10 we have to cancel11 the tour and need to contact12 you.
Tourist: I see13. Well, my mobile number is 07988 636197 (0-7-9-double 8-6-3-6-1-9-7).
TOA: That’s 07988 636197. Now, can you also tell me which hotel you’re staying at?
Tourist: The Crest Hotel. Oh no, sorry. That’s the hotel we’re staying in next week. It’s
Riverside Hotel.
TOA: Oh! The Riverside is a lovely14 hotel. Are you enjoying your stay15?
Tourist: Yes, we are, very much. We’d definitely16 recommend17 it to others.
TOA: Oh I am glad18. Now, I can book you on the tour at 4 p.m. Would that suit19 you?
Alternatively20, there is one at two.
Tourist: Two would be better for us, please.
TOA: Right, that’s booked for you, sir. Two people at 2 p.m. today, August 14th. You pay the
bus driver when you get on21, and it’s £4 per person22.
Tourist: Thank you very much.
3
23. Museum (noun) – музей
24. Main square (phrase) – гол талбай
25. Guidebook (noun) – гайд ном
26. Entrance price (phrase) – нэвтрэхэд төлөх ёстой үнэ тариф
27. To cost so much (phrase) – үнэхээр өндөр үнэ тарифтай байх
28. From all over the world (phrase) – өнцөг булан бүрээс
29. Reason (noun) – шалтгаан
30. Expensive (phrase) – үнэтэй
31. To get in (verb) – дотор нэвтэрч орох
32. Repair (noun) – засвар
33. Ticket (noun) – тасалбар
34. To go towards repairing the roof and the walls (phrase) – дээвэр болон ханануудыг засварлахад
ашиглагдах
35. To suppose (verb) – тааварлан бодох
36. To be worth paying (phrase) – төлөхөд алзахгүй байх
37. I think so too (phrase) – би бас тэгэж бодож байна
38. Actually (adverb) – яг үнэндээ
39. To wonder (verb) – мэдэхийг хүсэх
40. In the area (phrase) – тухайн газрын ойр хавиар
41. Near the harbor (phrase) – усан онгоцны зогсоолтой ойрхон
42. A couple (phrase) – хэд хэд
43. Fish market (phrase) – загасны зах дэлгүүр
44. Quite strong (phrase) – нэлээд хүчтэй
45. To be pleased (phrase) – баяртай байх
46. I know what you mean (phrase) – таныг юу гэх гээд байгааг чинь мэдэж байна
47. Advice (noun) – зөвлөгөө
48. Restaurant selection is wider (phrase) – рестораны сонголт илүү их, өргөн
49. Quite picturesque (phrase) – нэлээд үзэсгэлэнтэй, үзэмжтэй, уран зураг шиг үзэсгэлэнтэй
50. Special occasion (phrase) – онцгой тохиолдол
4
CD 1 Track 07
Tourist: Can I also ask you about the museum23 in the main square24? I was reading about it
in my guidebook25 and was shocked to see that the entrance price26 is £10. Why does it cost
so much27?
Tourist office assistant (TOA): Well, the museum has the largest collection of Latin American
art in Europe. People come from all over the world28 to see it. But that’s not the reason29
why it’s so expensive30 to get in31. You see, the building is very old and it needs repairs32.
The £10 ticket33 cost will go towards repairing the roof and the walls34.
Tourist: I see. Well, I suppose35 it’s worth paying36 £10 to see the collection.
TOA: Yes, I think so too37. Is there anything else I can help you with?
Tourist: Actually38, there is. I was wondering39 if you knew of any good restaurants in the
area40.
TOA: Well, there are a few restaurants near the harbor41, and a couple42 on the beach,
which are nice. The problem is that the smell of the fish market43 is quite strong44 down
there.
Tourist: Mm, I don’t think my girlfriend would be very pleased45.
TOA: I know what you mean46 – it’s not very romantic, is it? My advice47 would be to go to
the next town. It’s bigger, and the restaurant selection is wider48. You can get there by taxi
and it only takes about ten minutes. The town is quite picturesque49..... Is it for a special
occasion50?
Tourist: Yes, It’s my girlfriend’s birthday so I’d like to go somewhere special. Um, do you
know any of these restaurants well enough to tell me about them?
5
51. Leaflet (noun) – реклам, мэдээллийн хуудас
52. Lovely (adjective) – сайхан, хөөрхөн
53. Extremely popular (phrase) – маш алдартай
54. Famous chef (phrase) – алдартай ахлах тогооч
55. Cheap (adjective) – хямд
56. Standard of the food is very high (phrase) – хоолны стандарт, чанар нь их өндөр
57. Right by the sea (phrase) – яг тэнгисийн хажууд
58. Wonderful views (phrase) – гайхалтай гадаа харагдах байдал
59. At all (phrase) – огт
60. In fact (phrase) – яг үнэндээ
61. Celebrity (noun) – алдарт од хүн
62. The place has been going for over a hundred years (phrase) – энэ газар 100-гаас илүү жилийн турш үйл
ажиллагаагаа явуулсаар байгаа
63. Quite an institution around here (phrase) – энэ хавьдаа бол олон хүн цугладаг маш сайн газар
64. To be not sure (adjective) – өөртөө итгэлтэй биш байх
65. Up-market (adjective) – үнэтэй, тансаг
66. In that case (phrase) – наад тохиолдолд бол
67. To run (verb) – удирдан ажиллуулах
68. For over a century (phrase) – 100 жилээс илүү хугацааны турш
69. To be reasonably priced (phrase) – боломжийн үнэ тарифтай байх
70. Local people (phrase) – тухайн газарт амьдардаг хүмүүс
71. New owner (phrase) – шинэ эзэн
72. To take over (verb) – хариуцах эрхийг авах, эзэлж авах
73. Review (noun) – шүүмж, үнэлгээ
74. Chef (noun) – ахлах тогооч
75. To be meant to do/be something (phrase) – ямар нэгэн зүйл баттай ийм, тийм байх
76. Contact details (phrase) – холбогдох утас, хаяг, дэлгэрэнгүй мэдээлэл
78. Helpful (adjective) – тусархаг, нэмэртэй
6
TOA: Well, I know about a few of them, and there are pictures in this leaflet51 here. This one
here is lovely52 – the Belleview – and it’s extremely popular53. It has a famous chef54, so it’s
not cheap55, but the standard of the food is very high56. It’s right by the sea57 and there are
wonderful views58 if you get a good table. Then there’s The Lighthouse Café – you can see
the picture here – which isn’t really a café at all59. In fact60, it’s a great restaurant and a lot
of TV celebrities61 and actors eat there. The place has been going for over a hundred
years62! It’s quite an institution around here63.
Tourist: Mm. I’m not sure64 about those two – they sound too expensive to me. I was
thinking of somewhere small, not too up-market65, but with good food.
TOA: In that case66 what about Harvey’s? The same family has run67 this restaurant for over
a century68, and it’s reasonably priced69 and really popular with local people70. And there’s
another family-run restaurant, Stonecroft House. New owners71 took over72 a month ago
and they’re getting good reviews73. There’s a new chef74 there and the food is meant to be75
very good. This leaflet has the contact details76 for all the restaurants so you can just call
them if you’d like to book77 a table.
Tourist: Great, thanks. You’ve been very helpful78.
7
1. To find out (verb) – олж мэдэх
2. Leisure centre (phrase) – чөлөөт цагаа өнгөрөөх төв
3. To take through (verb) – нэг бүрчлэн танилцуулан тайлбарлах
4. Available (adjective) – бэлэн байгаа, боломжтой байгаа
5. To describe (verb) – дүрслэх
6. To register (verb) – бүртгүүлэх
7. To sign up (verb) – элсэн орох
8. To offer (verb) – хангах, санал болгох
9. Afterwards (adverb) – дараа нь
10. Opportunity (noun) – боломж, завшаан
11. Taster sessions (phrase) – туршилтаар суух боломжтой хичээл
12. Instructor (noun) – багш, сургагч, зааварлагч
13. To motivate (verb) – зоригжуулах, урам өгөх
14. To go through (verb) – анхааралтай сайн харах, шалгах
15. Handout (noun) – тараасан цаас
16. Pack (noun) – багц
17. To be on offer (phrase) – боломжтой байгаа, available
18. To be highly qualified (phrase) – цол зэрэгтэй, өндөр туршлагатай байх
19. Experience (noun) – туршлага
20. To train (verb) – дасгалжуулах
21. Respectively (adverb) – тус тус
22. Practice sessions (phrase) – дадлага бэтлгэлийн хичээл
23. To branch out into something (phrase) – ямар нэгэн өөр төрлийн зүйл хийж эхлэх
25. Popular (adjective) – алдартай, олны хүссэн
26. Skateboarding (noun) – скейтбординг
27. Roller-skating course (phrase) – роликийн хичээл
28. Beginner (noun) – анхан шатны хүн, анх удаагаа сурагч
29. Under-21 (phrase) – 21 наснаас доош
30. Champion (noun) – аварга, ялагч
31. To be in good hands (phrase) – мундаг хүнээр удирдуулах, халамжлагдах
32. Expert advice (phrase) – мэргэжлийн зөвлөгөө
33. To be still to be arranged (phrase) – одоог хүртэл батлагаажаагүй байх, гэхдээ удахгүй бататгагдах
34. Likely (adjective/adverb) – өндөр магадлалтай
35. To confirm (verb) – батлагаажуулах
36. By the end of this week (phrase) – энэ долоо хоногийн төгсгөл гэхэд
8
Unit 2
CD1 Track 12
Leisure centre manager:
Good morning, everyone, and thank you for coming to find out1 more about the new Teen
Programme here at the Park Hill Leisure Centre2. I’d like to take you through3 the
programme, the classes available4, describe5 the building itself, and then give you some
information about how to register6 and sign up7 for the sports and activities we offer8.
Afterwards9, you’ll have an opportunity10 to take a tour of the centre. We also have some
taster sessions11 with our instructors12, which we hope you’ll enjoy, and which will
motivate13 you to sign up!
Let’s go through14 the classes first. As you can see from the Teen Programme handout15 in
your pack16, we have lots of classes on offer17. Our instructors are highly qualified18 and
have lots of experience19 training20 young people. Diana is our dance instructor, and she
gives classes in jazz and salsa on Wednesday and Thursday evenings respectively21. Jim
usually takes the football practice sessions22, but this year he is branching out into23
American sports and will be running24 the baseball club on Saturday afternoons. We think
this will be very popular25. So Steve will now run the football practice. This class has been
changed from Saturday to Sunday afternoons. Steve will also take the skateboarding26 class
on Monday evening. The roller-skating course27 is for beginners28, and this will be taken by
Stella, who was last year’s under-2129 London roller-skating champion30, so you’ll be in good
hands31 with her expert advice32. The day of this course is still to be arranged33 but it’s
likely34 to be Tuesday. We’ll confirm35 the day by the end of this week36.
9
37. Layout (noun) – ажлын барилга байгууламжийн зохион байгуулалтын зураглал
38. Spacious (adjective) – зай ихтэй
39. Plenty of room (phrase) – зөндөө их зай, газар талбай
40. Brand-new (adjective) – цоо шинэ
41. Floor-to-ceiling mirror (phrase) – шалнаас тааз хүртэл өндөртэй толь
42. Latest audio equipment (phrase) – хамгийн сүүлийн үеийн аудио тоног төхөөрөмж
43. Behind (preposition) – ард талд
44. To mean (verb) – хэлэх санаатай байх
45. To be held (adjective) – зохиогдох
46. Arena (noun) – дэвжээ
47. To refurbish (verb) – засан чимэглэж сэргээх
48. Ramp (noun) –
49. To be proving to be (phrase) – ийм, тийм юм байна гэдэг нь харагдаж байгаа

50. Changing room (phrase) – хувцас солих өрөө
51. Tennis court (phrase) – газрын теннисний талбай
52. Space (noun) – газар талбай, зай
53. To enroll (verb) – элсэн орох
54. To complete an enrolment form (phrase) – элсэлтийн анкет бөглөх, гүйцээх, гүйцэтгэх
55. Personal details (phrase) – хувийн дэлгэрэнгүй мэдээлэл
56. Including (preposition) – үүний дотор
57. To require (verb) – шаардах
58. Permission (noun) – зөвшөөрөл
59. To take part (phrase) – оролцох
60. To sign an authorization form (phrase) – зөвшөөрлийн анкет дээр гарын үсэг зурах
61. To be attached to (adjective) – хавсаргагдсан байх
62. To hand (verb) – өгөх
63. Annual subscription (phrase) – төлөөд жилийн турш хэрэглэх эрх
64. Alternatively (adverb) – өөр сонголтоор
65. To pay each time you use the facilities (phrase) – тоног төхөөрөмж, барилга байгууламж ашиглах
болгондоо төлөх
66. Admission fee (phrase) – нэвтрэх төлбөр
67. In this case (phrase) – энэ тохиолдолд
68. Whether you decide to pay in one go or with each visit (phrase) – нэг жилээр эсвэл ирэх болгондоо төлөх
нь хамаагүй
69. Still (adverb) – тэгсэн ч гэсэн
70. Once (conjunction) – -мэгц
10
CD1 Track 13
Leisure centre manager:
Now some of you won’t have been to Park Hill Leisure Centre before, so let me just tell you a
little about the layout37. As you can see, the reception area here is very spacious38, and
there is plenty of room39 to meet your friends and have a drink. We also have brand-new40
dance studios with floor-to-ceiling mirrors41 and the latest audio equipment42. The dance
studios are to the left of the reception area, behind43 the swimming pool. No... sorry... I
meant44 opposite the swimming pool. Both the roller-skating and skateboarding classes will
be held45 in the Skate Arena46. This has also been refurbished47 and we have a new five-
metre ramp48 in there, which is proving to be49 popular. The arena is behind the changing
rooms50, which you can see behind us, between the gym and tennis courts51. The tennis
courts are on the right of the arena. You’ll see both of these new spaces52 on the tour later.
Now, the final thing I want to talk about is how to join the Park Hill Leisure Centre and
enroll53 for the classes. First you need to complete an enrolment form54 with some of your
personal details55, including56 your address and telephone number and the name of your
school. If you’re under sixteen years old, then you’ll also be required57 to get your parents’
permission58 to take part59 in the classes. Please ask one of your parents to sign the
authorization form60 attached to61 the enrolment form. You’ll find the form in your
information pack. When you’ve done this, you just hand62 the forms to reception. You can
pay an annual subscription63 of twenty pounds, or alternatively64, you can pay each time
you use the facilities65. There is a one pound sixty admission fee66 in this case67. Whether
you decide to pay in one go or with each visit68, you still69 need to complete the forms in
your pack and become a member. Once70 we have the forms, we’ll send your membership
card to your home address. All you need to do is show this card everytime you come to the
centre, and if you want to book71 a class, you just need your membership number on your
card.
11
1. Had better do something (phrase) – ямар нэгэн зүйлийг хийсэн нь дээр
2. Group project (phrase) – багийн төсөл
3. Extreme weather event (phrase) – экстрим цаг агаарын үйл явдал
4. To look into (verb) – судлах
5. Localized weather conditions (phrase) – тодорхой нэг газрын цаг агаарын нөхцөл байдлууд
6. Effect (noun) – нөлөө
7. Immediate environment (phrase) – яг эргэн тойрны байгаль орчин
8. To be able to do something (phrase) – ямар нэгэн зүйлийг хийж чадах
9. Data (noun) – мэдээлэл, статистикийн тоо баримт
10. Research (noun) – судалгаа
11. Season (noun) – улирал
12. Wide reaching (adjective) – өргөн хүрээний
13. To take into account (phrase) – харгалзаж авч үзэх
14. Wind pattern (phrase) – салхины зүй тогтол
15. Pressure system (phrase) – даралтын систем
16. To sound like a good idea (phrase) – сайхан санаа шиг сонсогдох
17. To break down into separate parts (phrase) – тустай хэсгүүдэд хуваах
18. Certainly (adverb) – батлагаатай
12
Unit 3
CD1 Track 19
Emma: So I think we’d better1 start planning what we’re going to do for our group project2.
Have you guys had any ideas?
Tom: I was thinking we should do something on extreme weather events3, but I think Alex
had some different ideas.
Alex: Yes, maybe we should look into4 more localized weather conditions5 and the effects6
on the immediate environment7.
Emma: That’s a good idea, Alex, but I don’t think we’d be able to8 get much data9 on that,
and we don’t really have time to do our own research10. What about doing something about
the seasons11?
Tom: I think the seasons might be a bit too wide reaching12, you know, when we take into
account13 the wind patterns14 and pressure systems15.
Emma: Maybe you’re right.
Alex: Well, how about Tom’s idea of extreme weather conditions?
Emma: Yes, that sounds like a good idea16. It’s easy to break down into separate parts17 and
it certainly18 sounds more interesting!
13
19. Would quite like to do something (phrase) – ямар нэгэн зүйлийг хийхийг нэлээн их хүсэх
20. To cover (verb) – бүрхэх, хэлэлцэн ярилцах
21. Monsoon (noun) – халуун Ази орнуудад болдог борооны улирал
22. Quite (adverb) – нэлээд
23. To sound good (phrase) – сайхан сонсогдох
24. Area (noun) – сэдэв
25. To focus (verb) – анхаарлаа төвлөрүүлэх
26. To have got lots to choose from (phrase) – сонгох зөндөө сонголттой байх
27. Blizzard (noun) – цасан шуурга
28. Heat wave (phrase) – халуун дулааны долгион
29. Drought (noun) – ган
30. Cyclone (noun) – циклон далайн шуурга
31. Loads of something (phrase) – зөндөө олон ямар нэгэн зүйл
32. To fancy (verb) – таалах
33. Wouldn’t mind (phrase) – дургүйцэхгүй байх
34. Flood (noun) – үер
35. To be linked to something (phrase) – ямар нэгэн зүйлтэй холбоотой байх
36. Transition (noun) – шилжилт
37. Wind (noun) – салхи
38. Extreme enough (phrase) – хангалттай экстрим
39. Hurricane (noun) – далайн шуурга
40. Pretty exciting (phrase) – нэлээн сэтгэл догдлом
41. Would rather do something (phrase) – ямар нэгэн зүйлийг хийхийг илүүд үзэх байна
42. A bit (phrase) – бага зэрэг
43. To be happy for someone (phrase) – хэн нэгний өмнөөс баяртай байх
14
Tom: I’d quite like19 to cover20 monsoons21. I’ve been doing some reading on them and
they’re quite22 interesting.
Emma: Well, that sounds good23. We should maybe take two areas24 each – that would
make it easier for us to focus25.
Alex: Well, we’ve got lots to choose from26: we could do blizzards27, heat waves28,
droughts29, cyclones30. There are loads31! Why don’t you do blizzards too, Tom?
Tom: I don’t fancy32 doing them, but I wouldn’t mind33 doing something on floods34. They’re
linked35 to monsoons, I think, so it will be an easy transition36. What do you fancy doing,
Alex?
Alex: Well, I could always cover winds37.
Emma: But that isn’t really extreme enough38.
Alex: Hmm.... I could do hurricanes39, they’re pretty exciting40. How about doing cyclones,
Emma?
Emma: I’d rather41 do heat waves and droughts, I think. I know a bit42 about them. I don’t
know anything about cyclones.
Alex: Cyclones are really interesting. I can cover them.
Tom: That sounds great. I was thinking about doing cyclones, but I’m happy for you43 to do
them.
15
44. Content (noun) – агуулга, контент
45. Haven’t got that much time (phrase) – бид нарт зөндөө их цаг алга
46. Topic (noun) – сэдэв
47. Quite a lot (phrase) – нэлээн их
48. Near the equator (phrase) – экватороос ойрхон
49. To form (verb) – үүсэх, үүсгэх
50. Above (preposition) – дээр
51. Vapor (noun) – усны уур
52. Low pressure (phrase) – бага даралт
53. To rotate (verb) – эргэх
54. The earth (noun) – дэлхий гариг
55. To spin (verb) – эргэх
57. Either......or... (phrase) – нэг бол ингэнэ эсвэл тэгнэ
58. To lose momentum (phrase) – инерци ээ алдах
59. To keep gathering (phrase) – үргэлжлүүлэн хуримтлуулах
60. Until they hit land (phrase) – газрыг цохих хүртэл
61. Mature (adjective) – боловсорсон
62. Luckily (adverb) – азаар
63. As soon as (conjunction) – -мэгц
64. To fade away (verb) – алга болох, далд орох
65. Warmth (noun) – дулаан байдал
66. Underneath (preposition/adverb) – доор
67. That’s a relief (phrase) – азны юм, ашгүй дээ
69. Destructive (adjective) – хөнөөлтэй, гамшигт
70. To be like a big circle of wind (phrase) – яг салхин том тойрог мэт
71. To blow (verb) – үлээх
72. Eye of the storm (phrase) – шуурганы нүд, голын хэсэг
73. To pass (verb) – өнгөрөх
74. Centre (noun) – төв
75. Other side (phrase) – нөгөө тал
76. To hit (verb) – цохих
77. Just as strongly (phrase) – ижил хүчтэйгээр
78. In the other direction (phrase) – эсрэг зүгээр
79. It looks like we’ve got it all arranged, then! (phrase) – за за бид бүх зүйлээ зохицуулчихсан юм шиг
харагдаж байна, тэгвэл!
16
CD1 Track 20
Emma: Right, shall we get started on some of the content44?
Tom: Yes, we haven’t got that much time45. Does anyone know anything about their
topics46?
Alex: I know quite a lot47 about cyclones.
Tom: Do you?
Alex: Well, I studied them at high school. You know, cyclones usually start near the
equator48. They need quite warm water to form49. Above50 the warm water, the vapor51 in
the air forms clouds, and if there is low pressure52, then these clouds will start to rotate53.
Tom: Isn’t it also the fact that the earth54 rotates too which makes the clouds spin55 more?
Alex: Yes, that too. Once56 they begin rotating, they can either lose momentum58 or57 keep
gathering59 momentum until they hit land60 – these ones are called mature61 cyclones.
Luckily62, as soon as63 they hit land, they start to lose momentum and fade away64. Just
because they don’t have the warmth65 of the ocean underneath66.
Emma: Well, that’s a relief67!
Alex: They can still68 be really destructive69. They’re like a big circle of wind70. They blow71
strongly until the eye of the storm72 passes73 – you know, the centre74, where everything is
really quiet, no wind or anything. But then the other side75 hits76 and the winds blow just as
strongly77 but in the other direction78! It’s just amazing! Yes, I would really like to cover that.
Emma: Well, it looks like we’ve got it all arranged, then79!
17
1. To be familiar with something (phrase) – ямар нэгэн зүйлийг мэддэг байх
2. Nuclear family (phrase) – аав, ээж, хүүхдүүдээс бүрдсэн өрх
3. Dominant family structure (phrase) – давамгайлсан гэр бүлийн бүтэц
4. For the last sixty years at least (phrase) – дор хаяж сүүлийн 60 жилийн турш
5. However (conjunction) – гэхдээ
6. Recent change (phrase) – саяхны өөрчлөлт
7. Traditional (adjective) – уламжлалт
8. Cornerstone (noun) – түшиг тулгуур
9. Emerging pattern (phrase) – гарч ирж буй, илүү түгээмэл болж буй зүй тогтол
10. To erode (verb) – зэврээх, муудуулах, нураах
11. Namely (adverb) – тухайлбал, дурдвал
12. Rise (noun) – ихсэлт, өсөлт
13. Step-family (noun) – хойд аав эсвэл хойд ээжтэй гэр бүл
14. Cohabitation (noun) – хамтран амьдрах байдал
15. Lone-parenting (noun) – ганц бие аав эсвэл ээж хүүхдээ ганцаараа өсгөн хүмүүжүүлэх нь
16. Rapid increase in those living alone (phrase) – ганцаараа амьдардаг хүмүүсийн тоо хурдан ихэссэн нь
17. To explore these areas in turn (phrase) – эдгээр сэдвүүдийг ээлж дарааллан судлан хэлэлцэж харах
19. In terms of (phrase) – талаасаа, хувьд
20. To become more and more common (phrase) – улам ихээр түгээмэл болох
21. To create (verb) – бүтээх
22. Previous relationship (phrase) – өмнөх харилцаа холбоо
23. Percentage (noun) – хувь
24. Under thirteen (phrase) – 13 наснаас доош
25. Figure (noun) – тоо цифр
26. Ever greater (phrase) – урьд өмнөхөөсөө илүү их
27. Almost half (phrase) – бараг хагас нь
29. As (conjunction) – яагаад гэвэл
30. To follow (verb) – дагах, мөрдөх
31. Dependent (adjective) – биеэ даагаагүй, хэн нэгэнд хамааралтай
32. Somewhat (adverb) – зарим талаар, бага зэрэг
33. Blur (noun) – бүдгэрэл
34. Step-brothers and sisters (phrase) – өөр өөр аав ээжээс төрсөн ах эгч дүүс
35. To belong to two family units (phrase) – 2 гэр бүлийн нэгдэлд харъяалагдах
36. To draw the line (phrase) – зураас татах, хязгаар тогтоох
18
Unit 4
CD1 Track 26
Lecturer:
We are all familiar with1 the nuclear family2, which has been the dominant family
structure3 in the UK for the last sixty years at least4. However5, recent changes6 show that
our idea of the traditional7 nuclear family as the cornerstone8 of British family life is
changing. There have been emerging patterns9 which are eroding10 this structure; namely11,
the rise12 of step-families13, cohabitation14, lone-parenting15, and the rapid increase in
those living alone16. We are going to explore these areas in turn17, and look at their effect18
in terms of19 the family.
Firstly, step-families are becoming more and more common20. Step-families are created21
when one or both partners have a child or children from a previous relationship22. In 1980
the percentage23 of children under thirteen24 who were living with one parent and their new
partner was just four per cent. In 2008, this figure25 had increased to twenty per cent. The
USA has seen an even greater26 rise; new statistics show that almost half27 of under
thirteens are living in a step-family. Now, we can still28 call the step-family structure a
‘nuclear’ family, as29 it does follow30 the structure of two parents, and dependent31 children.
However, it also creates somewhat32 of a nuclear ‘blur’33. Step-brothers and sisters34 may
belong to two family units35, so where do we draw the line36 at which family they belong
to?
19
37. Yet (conjunction) – гэхдээ
38. To increase (verb) – ихсэх
39. Nearly (adverb) – ойролцоогоор
40. To comprise (verb) – бүрдүүлэх, хамрах
41. Unmarried couple (phrase) – гэрлээгүй хос
42. What does this mean? (phrase) – энэ юу гэсэн үг вэ?
43. View (noun) – харах өнцөг, ойлголт, дүр зураг
45. Married parents (phrase) – гэрлэсэн эцэг эх
46. To put these types of family under this umbrella (phrase) – эдгээр гэр бүлийн төрлийг энэ бүлэгт оруулах
47. Even if (conjunction) – хэрвээ..... тэгсэн ч гэсэн
48. Cohabiting couple (phrase) – хамтран амьдарч буй хос
49. More likely to separate (phrase) – салах өндөр магадлалтай байх
50. Equivalent (noun) – төрөл нэгтэн
51. To stand for (verb) – утга санаа илэрхийлэх
52. Dual income (phrase) – хос орлого (дурлалт хосын 2уулаа нь ажил эрхэлж орлого авчирдаг)
53. To outline (verb) – тоймлох
54. Without (preposition) – -гүйгээр
55. To put consumer spending first (phrase) – өргөн хэрэглээний бараанд мөнгөө зарцуулахыг 1 дүгээрт
тавих
56. Relatively (adverb) – харьцангуй
57. Recent (adjective) – саяхны
58. To rapidly grow (phrase) – хурдан ихсэх
59. In the last half century (phrase) – 100 жилийн сүүлийн хагасын үеэр
60. Only one in fourteen children (phrase) – ердөө 14 хүүхдийн 1 нь
61. To compare (verb) – харьцуулах
62. In the past (phrase) – өнгөрсөн үед
63. Overwhelmingly (adverb) – маш ихээр
64. Nowadays (adverb) – өнөө цагт
65. Increasingly (adverb) – улам ихээр
66. Sociologist (noun) – нийгэм судлаач
67. To argue (verb) – шалтгаан өгч дэмжих
68. Due to (conjunction) – -ны улмаас
69. Outlook (noun) – ертөнцийг үзэх үзэл, хандлага
70. Once (adverb) – нэг үедээ
71. To be willing to accept (phrase) – хүлээн зөвшөөрөхөд бэлэн байх, хүлээн зөвшөөрөх хандлагатай байх
72. Abusive marriage (phrase) – хүчирхийлэлтэй гэрлэлт
20
Co-habitation, when partners do not marry yet37 live together as a family, has also
increased38. In 2006, of the 17.5 million families in Britain, nearly39 three million of these
comprised40 unmarried couples41. What does this mean42 to the nuclear family? Firstly, the
traditional view43 of a nuclear family requires44 married parents45, so we can’t put these
types of family under this umbrella46. Statistics show that even if47 cohabiting couples48
have children, they are more likely to separate49 than their married equivalents50. Lastly, we
need to look at the rise of the DINKS, which stands for51 Dual Income52 No Kids. As Clarke
and Henwood outline53, many cohabiting couples are choosing a life without54 children,
putting consumer spending first55.
Lone-parenting is a relatively56 recent57 family structure which has rapidly grown58 in the
last half century59. In 1972 only one in fourteen children60 lived in a lone-parent family.
When we compare61 this with today’s figure of one in four, we can see that this is a rapid
increase. In the past62, lone-parenthood was overwhelmingly63 the result of a death of a
parent. Nowadays64 however, it is increasingly65 a choice. Some sociologists66 argue67 that
this increase is due to68 the outlook69 of women. Where women once70 were willing to
accept71 an unhappy or abusive marriage72, now many will choose lone-parenthood.
21
73. Transitory phase (phrase) – тур зуурын үе шат, фаз
74. Attitude (noun) – хандлага
75. To be highly debated (phrase) – маш их зөрчилдөөнтэй
76. Counter argument (phrase) – эсрэг аргумент
77. More likely to suffer (phrase) – зовох өндөр магадлалтай байх
78. Poverty and hardship (phrase) – ядуурал ба зовлон, зүдрэл
79. Rented accommodation (phrase) – түрээслэсэн орон байр
80. Childcare issue (phrase) – хүүхэд асрах асуудал
81. To more than double (phrase) – 2-оос илүү дахин их болох
82. Just over (phrase) – -аас жоохон дээгүүр, их
83. To reach (verb) – хүрэх
84. Enormous effect (phrase) – маш том нөлөө
85. To represent (verb) – төлөөлөх
86. A great chunk of population (phrase) – хүн амын маш том хэсэг
87. Either by choice or necessity (phrase) – нэг бол сонголтоор эсвэл зайлшгүй шаардлагын дагуу
88. Community (noun) – нийгмийн бүлэглэл
90. Alternative household structure (phrase) – өөр төрлийн өрх гэрийн бүтэц
91. Isolationist (noun) – тусгаарлах үзэлтэй
92. Community-based society (phrase) – нийгэмлэг, харилцаа холбоон дээр тулгуурласан нийгэм
93. Close bond (phrase) – дотно, бат бөх холбоо
94. To be formed within the family (phrase) – гэр бүл дотор бүрдэх, бий болох
95. To have no place (phrase) – байхгүй, оршихгүй
96. To leave aside whether or not the housing even exists for this boom (phrase) – энэхүү гэнэтийн ихсэлтэнд
зориулсан гэр орон байр хангалттай байгаа байхгүйг түр авч үзэхгүй байх
97. Important factor (phrase) – чухал хүчин зүйл
98. To look at (verb) – харж үзэх
99. Disproportionate expense (phrase) – пропорцоо алдсан зардал
100. To live on one’s own (phrase) – ганцаараа амьдрах
101. By this I mean (phrase) – үүгээр би юу хэлэх гээд байна вэ гэхлээр
102. Burden of all costs (phrase) – садаа, түвэг, бэрхшээл болсон бүх зүйлийн төлбөр тооцоо
103. To be shouldered by one wage instead of two (phrase) – 2 хүний оронд 1 хүний цалингаар
хариуцагдах
104. Impact (noun) – нөлөө
105. Environment (noun) – байгаль орчин
106. On a more positive note (phrase) – сайхан мэдээ хэлвэл
107. Especially (adverb) – ялангуяа
108. To be proving to be (phrase) – ийм, тийм юм байна гэдэг нь харагдаж байгаа
22
Often this can be just a transitory phase73 before they find a new partner. This view of
women’s attitudes74 and lone parenting is highly debated75, because some figures show that
the largest group of lone parents are mothers who have never married. You can find counter
arguments76 for these ideas in Butler and Jones. One difficulty for single parents is that they
are a social group who are much more likely to suffer77 from poverty and hardship78. They
are more likely to live in rented accommodation79 and have childcare issues80.
Lastly, an increasing number of people are choosing to live alone. The number of people
living alone in Britain has more than doubled81 in the last twenty years. In 1990 just over82
four million people lived alone. Now this figure has reached83 8.5 million, an incredibly rapid
growth which has had enormous effects84 on the traditional nuclear family. This number
represents85 a great chunk of the population86 who either by choice or necessity87, are
outside the traditional family unit. Some think that these changes may not help the
community88. In fact89, there are many arguments that this rise in alternative household
structures90 will create a more isolationist91 and less community-based society92, where
close bonds93 which are usually formed within the family94 have no place95. Leaving aside
whether or not the housing even exists for this boom96, an important factor97 which must
be looked at98 is the disproportionate expense99 for those living on their own100. By this I
mean101, the burden of all costs102 is shouldered by one wage instead of two103, and of
course one person is using the energy which could be shared between a group, having a
greater impact104 on the environment105 too.
However, on a more positive note106, people, especially107 women, are proving108....
23
1. Would like to do something (phrase) – ямар нэг зүйлийг хийхийг хүсэх
2. To register (verb) – бүртгүүлэх
3. Library (noun) – номын сан
4. Detail (noun) – дэлгэрэнгүй мэдээлэл, деталь
5. Hold on (phrase) – байзаарай
6. Let me look (phrase) – хараадахъя
7. Course (noun) – хичээл
8. Geography (noun) – газарзүй
9. Faculty (noun) – факультет
10. Environmental science (phrase) – байгаль орчны шинжлэх ухаан
11. Earth science (phrase) – дэлхийн гаригийн шинжлэх ухаан судлал
12. University halls of residence (phrase) – их сургуулийн дотуур байр
13. Private accommodation (phrase) – хувийн орон байр
14. To spell (verb) – үсэглэх
15. Street (noun) – гудамж
16. Contact telephone number (phrase) – холбогдох утасны дугаар
17. Let me find (phrase) – би олоодохъё
18. To check (verb) – шалгах
19. Facilities (noun) – барилга байгууламж, тоног төхөөрөмж
20. During (preposition) – үеэр
21. Induction (noun) – танилцуулга тур
22. Unfortunately (adverb) – харамсалтайгаар
23. To miss (verb) – өнгөрөөх
24. Quick (adjective) – хурдан, түргэн
24
Unit 5
CD1 Track 33
Library assistant (LA): Hi. How can I help you?
Student: I’d like to1 register2 to use the library3, please.
LA: OK, that’s fine. Now can I have some details4 from you? What’s your name and student
ID number?
Student: Simon Anderson, that’s A-N-D-E-R-S-O-N.
LA: And ID number?
Student: Er.... Hold on5.... Let me look6.... it’s AND105763.
LA: AND105769.
Student: No, it’s AND105763.
LA: Thank you. And what course7 are you studying, Simon?
Student: Geography8.
LA: Is that in the Faculty9 of Environmental Science10 or Earth Science11?
Student: It’s in the Earth Science faculty.
LA: Right. Now, are you living in university halls of residence12?
Student: No, I’m in private accommodation13 – do you need my address?
LA: Yes, please.
Student: It’s Flat 3, 24 Lavender Gardens, London, SW12 3AG.
LA: Can you spell14 the street15 name for me?
Student: Yes, It’s L-A-V-E-N-D-E-R Gardens.
LA: And do you have a contact telephone number16?
Student: Is my mobile number OK?
LA: Yes, that’s fine.
Student: Just let me find17 my phone. Right the number is 07988 566341 (079, double 8, 5,
double 6, 341)
LA: Let me just check18 that – 07988 566341. So, Simon did you have a tour of the library
facilities19 during20 your induction21?
Student: Unfortunately22, I missed23 it – could you give me a quick24 tour now?
25
25. I’m afraid (phrase) – -хээс айж байна
26. Help desk (phrase) – үйлчлүүлэгч нарт туслах ширээ
27. Map (noun) – газрын зураг
28. Helpful (adjective) – нэмэртэй, тусархаг
29. Next to (preposition) – хажууд
30. Service desk (phrase) – үйлчилгээний ширээ
31. To borrow (verb) – зээлж авах
32. To return (verb) – буцаах
33. Maximum (adjective/noun) – хамгийн их
34. At any one time (phrase) – ямар ч хамаагүй нэг үед
35. I see (phrase) – би ойлголоо
36. Opposite (preposition/adjective) – эсрэг
37. Training room (phrase) – дасгалжуулалтын өрөө
38. Library staff (phrase) – номын сангийн ажилчид
39. Demonstration (noun) – үзүүлэн
40. Entrance (noun) – орох хаалга
41. Round the other side (phrase) – нөгөө талд
42. Beside (preposition) – хажууд
43. Round the front (phrase) – урд талдаа
44. Important (adjective) – чухал
45. To remember (verb) – санах
46. To switch off (verb) – унтраах
47. To walk past the Service desk (phrase) – үйлчилгээний ширээг өнгөрөн алхах
48. To turn right (phrase) – баруун эргэх
49. To turn left (phrase) – зүүн эргэх
50. To continue on past the Philosophy section (phrase) – философийн хэсгийг өнгөрч үргэлжлүүлэн алхах
51. Copying facilities (phrase) – юм хэвлэн копидоход хэрэглэх тоног төхөөрөмж
52. Booking system (phrase) – суудал захиалах систем
53. To work on a project (phrase) – төсөл дээр ажиллах
54. To discuss things with each other (phrase) – бие биентэйгээ зүйлс хэлэлцэх
55. Corner (noun) – булан
56. Opposite end (phrase) – эсрэг төгсгөл
57. Copier (noun) – копи хийх машин, принтерийн машин
58. Between (preposition) – хооронд
59. Sociology (noun) – нийгэм суудал
60. To book 48 hours in advance (phrase) – 48 цагийн өмнө урьдчилан захиалах
26
CD1 Track 34
Library assistant (LA): I can’t give you a tour now, I’m afraid25. I have to stay here at the
Help Desk26 but I can show you places on this map27 of the library.
Student: That would be helpful28, thanks.
LA: OK, so we’re here at the Help Desk, next to29 the Service Desk30, where you go to
borrow31 and return32 books. The maximum33 number of books you can borrow at any one
time34 is ten.
Student: Yes, I see35.
LA: Opposite36 the Service Desk is the Training Room37, which is used by library staff38 to
give demonstrations39 of the computer systems to staff and students. But the entrance40 is
round the other side41.
Student: Is the Training Room beside42 the Quiet Room?
LA: Yes, that’s right, with the entrance round the front43 too. It’s important44 to remember45
that all mobile phones must be switched off46 in this room.
Student: Of course. And what about books – where can I find the books for my course?
LA: Good question. You’re studying Geography so, if you walk past the Service Desk47, turn
right48, no sorry turn left49, and continue on past the Philosophy section50, you’ll find the
Geography section. The copying facilities51 are on the left. Now one more important thing is
the group Study Room and the booking system52. If you’re working on a project53 with other
students and you want to discuss things with each other54, you can go to the room in the
corner55 at the opposite end56 of the library from the copiers57. That’s the Group Study
Room. It’s between58 the Sociology59 section and the TV room. The Group Study Room must
be booked forty-eight hours in advance60.
27
61. To keep (verb) – хадгалах
62. Copy (noun) – хуулбар
63. To explain (verb) – тайлбарлах
65. Online reservation system (phrase) – урьдчилж захиалахын онлайн систем
66. To reserve (verb) – захиалах
67. To be currently on loan (phrase) – одоогийн байдлаар хэн нэгэн зээлж аваад хэрэглэж байх байдалд
байх
68. Online catalogue system (phrase) – онлайн каталог систем
69. To search (verb) – хайх
70. To access (verb) – нэвтрэх
71. Outside (preposition/adverb) – гадна
72. Via (preposition) – -ээр
73. To enter (verb) – оруулах, орох
74. To make sure (phrase) – батлагаажуулах
75. To hand (verb) – өгөх
76. Home page (phrase) – вэбсайтын эхний гол хуудас
78. Reservation request (phrase) – урьдчилж захиалахын хүсэлт
79. To receive (verb) – хүлээн авах
80. Confirmation email (phrase) – захиалга батлагаажсны имэйл
81. Whether your booking has been successful or not (phrase) – таны захиалга амжилттай болсон болоогүй
эсэх
82. To arrange another time (phrase) – өөр цаг товлох
83. To sound fairly easy (phrase) – нэлээн амархан юм шиг сонсогдох
84. Quite straightforward (phrase) – нэлээн энгийн шууд шулуухан
28
Student: Right, thanks. Can I keep61 this map?
LA: Actually, this is the last one I have, but I can make a copy62 for you.
Student: That would be great, thanks.
LA: Oh, I should also explain63 how you book64 the Group Study Room.
Student: Oh, yes, so how do I do that?
LA: You can only book this room using the online reservation system65. The same one you
use to reserve66 books that are currently on loan67.
Student: I thought it was called the online catalogue system68.
LA: No, that’s for searching69 for things in the library; the reservation system is what you use
to make a room booking.
Student: And can I access70 that from outside71 the library?
LA: Yes, via72 the library website. You will need to enter73 the name and student number of
each student in the group too, so make sure74 you have these to hand75 when you make the
booking. But all this is explained on the home page76 of the website. Once77 you’ve made
your reservation request78, you’ll receive79 a confirmation email80 from the library to say
whether your booking has been successful or not81. If not, you can try to arrange another
time82.
Student: Well that sounds fairly easy83.
LA: Yes, you’ll be fine. It’s all quite straightforward84 really.
Student: Thanks.
29
1. To come along (verb) – хүрч ирэх
2. Plaque (noun) – дурсгалын самбар
3. Scheme (noun) – програм, төлөвлөгөө
5. For over forty years (phrase) – 40-өөс илүү жилийн турш
6. Incredibly successful (phrase) – гайхалтай амжилттай
7. To walk around the city (phrase) – хотын эргэн тойрноор явган аялах
8. Round (adjective) – дугуй хэлбэртэй
9. To take a closer look (phrase) – ойртон сайн харах
10. In that very place (phrase) – тухайн газарт
11. At present (phrase) – одоогоор
12. Tourism (noun) – аялал жуулчлал
13. To raise awareness (phrase) – мэдлэгийг түгээн дээшлүүлэх
14. Rich history (phrase) – баялаг түүх
15. Locally (adverb) – орон нутгийн хэмжээнд
16. Nationally (adverb) – улсын хэмжээнд
17. To manage to do something (phrase) – ямар нэгэн зүйлийг хийж чадах
18. To be aware of something (phrase) – ямар нэгэн зүйлийг мэдэх, мэддэг байх
19. Impressive (adjective) – сэтгэл хөдөлгөсөн
20. List (noun) – жагсаалт
21. Certainly (adverb) – батлагаатай
22. To achieve (verb) – зорьсон зүйлдээ хүрэх
23. That’s not all (phrase) – энэ нь бүх зүйл биш шүү, ингээд болоогүй шүү
24. Although (conjunction) – -ч
25. To be not part of one’s original aims (phrase) – эхний тавьсан зорилгуудын нэг биш байх
26. To preserve (verb) – хадгалах, хамгаалах
27. Link to one’s past (phrase) – өнгөрсөн үе рүү холбох холбоос
28. Ancient (adjective) – эртний
29. The most success (phrase) – хамгийн их амжилт
30. To raise the profile (phrase) – ямар нэгэн зүйлд олны анхаарлыг татах
31. Locals (noun) – тухайн нутгийн оршин суугчид
32. To highlight (verb) – онцлох, тодруулах
33. To be quite surprised (phrase) – нэлээд гайхшрах
34. To take Errol Flynn for example (phrase) – Эрол Флинныг жишээ болгон авч үзэх
30
Unit 6
CD1 Track 38
Guide:
Thank you for coming along1 to the Cultural Sydney talk. I’m going to start by telling you
about the Yellow Plaque2 scheme3, which has been running4 in Sydney for over forty years5
and has been incredibly successful6. When you are walking around the city7, you’ll see
some buildings with a small round8 yellow plaque on them. If you take a closer look9, you’ll
see the name and details of a famous person who lived in that very place10. We have, at
present11, 130 plaques up in the city. The scheme has been great for tourism12, but it was
really started to raise awareness13 of the rich history14 of Sydney, both locally15 and
nationally16, and we think we’ve managed to do17 this. We also wanted to make people
aware of18 the impressive19 list20 of important people who have lived in this city, and we’ve
certainly21 achieved22 that. But that’s not all23. Although24 not part of our original aims25,
the scheme has also helped preserve26 some of the older and more important buildings in
Sydney because people now know that these buildings are a link to our past27; some of the
buildings are actually over 180 years old, which, for Australia, is ancient28! We actually think
that this is where the scheme has achieved the most success29; in raising the profile30 of our
rich history. Of course, it has helped tourism, but not only that, locals31 also walk around
looking at the plaques. It has been really wonderful in highlighting32 our past. Some people
are quite surprised33 to see who has lived here; take Errol Flynn for example34. He was
married in Sydney.
31
35. To put up (verb) – дээр тавих, өлгөх
36. Common (adjective) – түгээмэл
37. To nominate (verb) – нэр дэвшүүлэх
38. Figure (noun) – хүн
39. Quite a simple process (phrase) – нэлээн энгийн процесс
40. To download (verb) – интернетээс татах
41. Signature (noun) – гарын үсэг
42. To approve (verb) – зөвшөөрөх, батлах
43. Panel (noun) – мэргэжилтэнгүүдийн комисс
44. To check (verb) – шалгах
45. Data (noun) – мэдээлэл, тоо баримт
46. To submit (verb) – өгч тушаах
47. Hopefully (adverb) – хэн нэгний найдаж байгаагаар
48. Within a year (phrase) – нэг жилийн дотор
49. To erect (verb) – босгох, байгуулах
50. You can’t nominate just anyone (phrase) – чи хэнийг ч хамаагүй нэр дэвшүүлж болохгүй
51. Out of ordinary (phrase) – энгийн бус, гайхалтай
52. Politician (noun) – улс төрч
53. World-record breaking sportsman (phrase) – дэлхийн рекорд эвдсэн тамирчин
54. To aim to do something (phrase) – ямар нэгэн зүйлийг хийхийг зорих
55. Within the next three years (phrase) – дараагийн 3 жилийн дотор
56. Plenty of funding (phrase) – зөндөө их санхүүжилт
57. To do so (phrase) – тэгэж хийх, ингэх
58. Source (noun) – эх үүсвэр
59. Local council (phrase) – тухайн газрын зөвлөл
60. Community donation (phrase) – нийгмийн бүлэглэлийн хандив
61. Tourist board (phrase) – жуучлалын удирдах зөвлөл
62. Whereas (conjunction) – гэхдээ
63. In the past (phrase) – өнгөрсөн үед
64. To put in (verb) – тушаах
65. Majority of (phrase) – ихэнх
66. To count for (verb) – эзлэх, учирлах
67. Total funds (phrase) – нийт мөнгөн сан
69. To expand (verb) – өргөжүүлэх, дэлгэрүүлэх
32
We are planning on putting more plaques up35 and a common36 question is how can people
nominate37 a figure38 to be put on a plaque. It’s quite a simple process39. Applications can
be downloaded40 from our website. If you want to nominate someone for a plaque you just
need the person’s name, where they lived and you need three signatures41 to approve42
your application. Our panel43 then checks44 that all the data45 you’ve submitted46 is correct
and hopefully47, within a year48 a new plaque will be erected49. But you can’t nominate just
anyone50! A plaque can only be given to a person who is famous and has achieved
something out of ordinary51, like an important politician52 or world-record breaking
sportsman53, for example. We aim to54 have fifty new plaques up within the next three
years55, and we have plenty of funding56 to do so57. Our funding comes from three
sources58: the local council59, community donations60 and the tourist board61. Whereas62 in
the past63 the tourist board put in64 the majority of65 funding, now public donations count
for66 sixty-five per cent of all total funds67! In fact68, our funding is so healthy now; there are
plans to expand69 the scheme.
33
70. At the moment (phrase) – одоогийн байдлаар
71. To produce (verb) – үйлдвэрлэх
72. Different coloured plaques (phrase) – өөр өөр өнгийн дурсгалын самбар
73. So that (conjunction) – -хийн тулд
74. To do specific walks (phrase) – тодорхой алхалтуудыг хийх
75. To be interested in (adjective) – ямар нэгэн зүйлд сонирхолтой байх
76. Sports personality (phrase) – спорт салбар дах од
77. To follow (verb) – дагах
78. To look at (verb) – бодох эсвэл харах
79. To introduce (verb) – танилцуулах эсвэл нэвтрүүлэх
80. Grey (adjective) – саарал
81. As well (phrase) – бас
82. To be thinking of doing something (phrase) – ямар нэгэн зүйлийг хийх бодолтой байх
83. To signify (verb) – шинж тэмдэг болох
84. Within the government (phrase) – засгийн газар дотор
86. Lastly (adverb) – сүүлд нь
87. Popular (adjective) – алдартай
88. Painter (noun) – зураач
89. Sculptor (noun) – уран барималч
90. To leave (verb) – орхих, үлдээх
91. Writer (noun) – зохиолч
92. Actor (noun) – жүжигчин
93. Other people of note (phrase) – бусад чухал хүмүүс
94. Around the city (phrase) – хот даяар
95. Guidebook (noun) – гайд ном
96. To be on sale (phrase) – худалдаанд байх
97. Gift shop (phrase) – бэлэг дурсгалын дэлгүүр
98. To be priced (adjective) – үнэ тарифтай байх
34
CD1 Track 39
Guide:
At the moment70, we only have yellow plaques for all the famous people, but we are aiming
to produce71 different coloured plaques72 so that73 people can do specific walks74. For
example, if they are interested in75 famous sports personalities76 they can do a tour
following77 the red plaques – the colour we are aiming to use for these people. We are
looking at78 introducing79 grey80, white and green plaques as well81. We are thinking of82
using grey plaques to signify83 people who have done important work within the
government84 and white plaques for those who have done good works in the community85.
Lastly86, our green plaques we think will be very popular87, these will be for painters88 and
sculptors89, leaving90 our yellow ones for writers91, actors92 and other people of note93. We
do hope you enjoy looking at the plaques around the city94. We have guidebooks95 on sale96
in the gift shop97 where you can find all the plaques. These are priced98 at $11.99.
35
1. Project (noun) – төсөл
2. To analyze (verb) – анализ хийх
3. Different form (phrase) – өөр өөр хэлбэр
4. Renewable energy (phrase) – сэргээгдэх эрчим хүч
5. Unfortunately (adverb) – харамсалтайгаар
6. To agree on some points (phrase) – зарим зүйлүүд дээр санал нийлэх
7. Economically beneficial (phrase) – эдийн засгийн хувьд ашиг тустай
9. To doubt (verb) – эргэлзэх
10. Such as wind, wave and solar energy (phrase) – жишээлбэл салхи, давалгаа, ба нарны эрчим хүч
11. Less reliable (adjective) – арай бага найдвартай
12. Valid point (phrase) – санасан санаа, үндэслэлтэй санаа
13. Large enough factor (phrase) – хангалттай том хүчин зүйл
14. To disregard (verb) – үл тоох
15. Completely (adverb) – бүрмөсөн, бүхэлд нь
16. Exactly (adverb/phrase) – яг тийм
17. However (conjunction) – гэхдээ
18. Another drawback (phrase) – өөр нэг сул тал
19. Generally (adverb) – ерөнхийдөө
20. Concern (noun) – санаа зовоосон зүйл
21. To evaluate (verb) – үнэлэх, дүгнэх
22. Usefulness (noun) – нэмэртэй, хэрэгцээтэй байх байдал
23. I agree with you to a point (phrase) – би чамтай хэсэгчлэн санал нийлж байна
24. It’s likely that the cost will come down (phrase) – өртөг нь багасна гэдэг нь өндөр магадлалтай
25. Report (noun) – тайлан
26. Journal of Environmental Science (phrase) – байгаль орчны шинжлэх ухааны журнал, сэтгүүл
27. To estimate (verb) – барагцаалах
28. Over the next 10 years (phrase) – дараагийн 10 жилийн үеэр
29. Significant (adjective) – чухал, их
30. Absolutely (adverb/phrase) – үнэхээр тийм
31. To predict (verb) – урьдчилан таамаглах
32. Non-traditional energy sources (phrase) – уламжлалт бус эрчим хүч
33. Evidence of critical analysis (phrase) – шүүмжлэлт дүн шинжилгээ хийсний нотолгоо
34. To make sure (phrase) – батлагаажуулах
35. Rather than just accepting (phrase) – зүгээр шууд хүлээн зөвшөөрөхөөсөө илүүтэйгээр
36. To demonstrate wide reading around the subject (phrase) – сэдэвтэй холбоотой зөндөө зүйл уншснаа
харуулах
36
Unit 7
CD2 Track 05
Tutor: Good morning, Phil, Jackie. I hope your project1 is going well.
Phil: Morning, Mr. Jackson.
Jackie: Hi, Mr. Jackson. Well, we’ve made a start on analyzing2 the different forms3 of
renewable energy4, but unfortunately5 we don’t really agree on some points6.
Tutor: OK, why don’t we talk about it?
Phil: Well, Jackie believes that all forms of renewable energy are beneficial economically7,
whereas8 I doubt9 that that’s true for all of them.
Tutor: Such as?
Phil: Such as wind, wave and solar energy10 because they’re less reliable11.
Tutor: That’s a valid point12 but I don’t think that’s a large enough factor13 to disregard14 it
completely15.
Jackie: Exactly16, that’s what I said.
Phil: However17, another drawback18 is that they’re generally19 very expensive to produce.
Tutor: Yes, you’re right. And that is a concern20 when evaluating21 their usefulness22 in
future.
Jackie: I agree with you to a point23, but it’s likely that the cost will come down24. I read a
report25 in the Journal of Environmental Science26 that estimates27 the cost would fall by
twenty per cent over the next 10 years28, which is significant29, isn’t it?
Tutor: Absolutely30, Jackie. But you need to think about how difficult it is to predict31 the
future cost of non-traditional energy sources32 before you believe the report. Remember: in
your project I want to see evidence of critical analysis33. Make sure34 you’ve analysed all the
information rather than just accepting35 the information that you agree with. Also it’s very
important that you demonstrate wide reading around the subject36.
37
37. I’m not convinced (phrase) – би ятгагдаагүй байна
39. Demand (noun) – эрэлт, хэрэгцээ
40. Consumer (noun) – хэрэглэгч
41. Costing process (phrase) – өртөг, зардал тогтоох процесс
42. As part of our project (phrase) – төслийн нэг хэсэг гэдгээрээ
43. To imagine (verb) – төсөөлөх
44. To forecast (verb) – урьдчилан таамаглах, тааварлах
45. Cost of producing solar energy (phrase) – нарны эрчим хүч үйлдвэрлэхийн зардал
46. To work out (verb) – шийдвэрлэн тогтоох
47. Daylight (noun) – өдрийн гэрэл гэгээ
48. Per year (phrase) – нэг жилд
49. Meteorological Office (phrase) – цаг уурын оффис
51. Rough total (phrase) – ойролцоо нийт тоо
52. To suppose (verb) – тааварлах
53. To cost (verb) – үнэ тарифтай байх
54. To supply (verb) – хангах
55. Average home (phrase) – дундаж, энгийн гэр өрх
56. Solar power (phrase) – нарны эрчим хүч
57. To extrapolate (verb) – барагцаалах
58. Whole (adjective) – бүхэл
59. Price (noun) – үнэ төлбөр
60. Power conversion station (phrase) – эрчим хүч хувиргах станц
61. Significant impact (phrase) – том, чухал нөлөө
62. Overall expenditure (phrase) – нийт зарлага
63. Factor (noun) – хүчин зүйл
64. To take into account (phrase) – харгалзаж авч үзэх
65. Yet (adverb) – одоохондоо
66. Regarding (preposition) – тухай, -тай холбоотой
67. Whether (conjunction) – эсэх
68. Traditional (adjective) – уламжлалт
69. To be willing to pay (phrase) – төлөхөд бэлэн байх
70. Well done (phrase) – сайн ажиллалаа, сайн байна
38
Jackie: I know, it’s just that I’m not convinced37 that it’s going to continue to be that
expensive, especially38 if there’s demand39 from consumers40.
Phil: Well, what about if we analyse the costing process41 as part of our project42?
Tutor: That’s an excellent idea, Phil. OK, so let’s imagine43 that we want to forecast44 the
cost of producing solar energy45. How could we do that, Jackie?
Jackie: Um, well, I think we’d have to start by working out46 how many hours of daylight47
there are in the UK per year48.
Phil: The Meteorological Office49 would have data50 on that.
Jackie: Then estimate the number of hours of sun to get a rough total51.
Phil: And then I suppose52 we’d need to work out how much it would cost53 to supply54 the
average home55 with solar power56, and then extrapolate57 that to get a number for the
whole58 country.
Tutor: Good, and don’t forget the price59 of power conversion stations60 – this will have a
significant impact61 on overall expenditure62. And there’s one more factor63 you haven’t
taken into account64 yet65, regarding66 the consumers.
Jackie: Um.... whether67 they would change from traditional68 to renewable energy?
Tutor: No, but think about what might make them change?
Jackie: Oh yes. How much they would be willing to pay69.
Tutor: Exactly. Well done70.
39
71. To cover (verb) – бүрхэх
72. Main area (phrase) – гол сэдвийн хүрээ
73. To compare (verb) – харьцуулах
74. Main form (phrase) – гол хэлбэр
75. Alternative energy (phrase) – өөр сонголтын, уламжлалт бус эрчим хүч
76. Bio fuel (noun) – био организмаас гаргаж авсан түлш
77. In terms of production costs (phrase) – үйлдвэрлэхийн өртөг, зардал талаасаа
78. To take solar energy as an example (phrase) – нарны эрчим хүчийг жишээ болгон авч үзэх
79. To do a cost prediction (phrase) – өртөг зардлын урьдчилан таамаглал хийх
80. To be likely to replace (phrase) – орлох өндөр магадлалтай байх
81. Fossil fuel (phrase) – чулуужсан түлш
82. Comprehensive (adjective) – иж бүрэн, дэлгэрэнгүй
84. Approach (noun) – хийх арга зам
85. Analysis (noun) – анализ
86. Lecture (noun) – лекц
87. Government (noun) – засгийн газар
88. Environment and Energy Department (phrase) – байгаль орчин болон эрчим хүчний хэлтэс
89. In terms of analysis (phrase) – анализийн хувьд
90. Cross-referencing method (phrase) – ишлэлүүдийг хооронд нь харьцуулах арга
91. To highlight (verb) – онцлох, тодруулах
92. Difference (noun) – ялгаа
93. To exist (verb) – орших, байх
94. Research (noun) – судалгаа
40
CD2 Track 06
Phil: So, our project is going to cover71 three main areas72. Firstly, comparing73 the main
forms74 of alternative energy75: solar, wind, wave, and bio fuels76 in terms of production
costs77. Secondly, we’ll take solar energy as an example78 and do a cost prediction79, and
lastly we’ll analyse whether they’re likely to replace80 traditional fossil fuels81 in the future.
Tutor: That sounds like a comprehensive82 project with a good focus. Now, what data83 are
you going to use and what approach84 will you use for the analysis85?
Jackie: Ah! Now that’s something we do agree on! We want to use the reports25 you gave us
in our last lecture86 and some statistics from the government87 Environment and Energy
Department88. In terms of analysis89, we’re going to use a cross-referencing method90
where we compare each of the government reports with the Robertson report and
highlight91 any differences92. Then we’ll analyse these to see why the differences exist93 and
where more research94 needs to be done.
41
1. Model (noun) – загвар, жишээ
2. Immigration patterns (phrase) – цагаачлалтын зүй тогтол
3. In relation to something (phrase) – ямар нэгэн зүйлтэй холбож
4. Rather than (phrase) – -аас илүүтэйгээр
5. Migration patterns (phrase) – шилжих хөдөлгөөний зүй тогтол
6. Primarily (adverb) – голцуу
7. To affect (verb) – нөлөөлөх
8. To determine (verb) – тодорхойлох
9. Conditions of entry (phrase) – орж нэвтрэхийн нөхцөл
10. Internal change (phrase) – дотоод өөрчлөлт
11. Considerably (adverb) – нэлээн ихээр
12. To highlight my first point (phrase) – эхний санаагаа онцлох, тодруулах
13. To admit immigrant (phrase) – цагаачлагч нарыг орохыг зөвшөөрөх
14. Upon arrival (phrase) – ирчихээд
15. To undergo a series of examinations (phrase) – хэд хэдэн шалгалт үзлэгэнд орох
16. To be allowed to enter (phrase) – орохыг зөвшөөрүүлсэн байх
17. Medical inspection (phrase) – эрүүл мэндийн үзлэг
18. To ensure (verb) – батлагаажуулах
19. Contagious disease (phrase) – тархдаг өвчин
20. To refuse (verb) – татгалзах
21. Next available ship (phrase) – дараагийн боломжит завь, онгоц
23. Further (adjective) – нэмэлт
24. This time (phrase) – энэ удаа
25. Legal examination (phrase) – хуулийн үзлэг, шалгалт
26. To establish whether they had any criminal convictions (phrase) – гэмт хэргийн ял авсан аваагүй эсэхийг
нь тогтоох
27. To change currency (phrase) – валютаа солих
28. To purchase tickets (phrase) – тасалбар худалдаж авах
29. Onward rail travel (phrase) – цааш урагш яваа галт тэргэн аялал
30. Having completed this simple process (phrase) – энэхүү энгийн процессийг гүйцэтгэсний дараа
31. As long as (phrase) – маш урт
32. To board a ferry (phrase) – гатлага онгоцонд орох
33. To be largely responsible for the ethnic make-up of the city today (phrase) – өнөөдрийн байдлаар хотын
олон үндэстэн ястнаас бүтсэн байдлын гол шалтгаан нь байх
34. Even though (conjunction) – -ч гэсэн
35. Variety of reasons for deciding to migrate (phrase) – шилжин нүүхээр шийдсний олон янзын
шалтгаанууд
36. To be possible because of US national immigration laws (phrase) – АНУ-гийн цагаачлах хуулийн улмаас
боломжтой байх
42
Unit 8
CD2 Track 10
Lecturer:
This morning I’d like to focus on New York as a model1 for understanding immigration
patterns2 in relation to3 national rather than4 international change. Firstly, it is important to
understand that migration patterns5 are primarily6 affected7 by the rules of immigration
which determine8 the conditions of entry9. After that, internal changes10 can affect patterns
considerably11. To highlight my first point12 let’s study this diagram of Ellis Island and the
process of admitting immigrants13 in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.
Upon arrival14 at Ellis Island, people underwent a series of examinations15 and questions
before being allowed to enter16 the US. First of all, there was a medical inspection17 to
ensure18 the immigrants were not bringing in any contagious diseases19. Anyone who did
not pass the medical examination was refused20 entry to New York and sent home on the
next available ship21. If the examination was passed, immigrants were required22 to take a
further23 examination; this time24 a legal examination25 to establish whether they had any
criminal convictions26. After this, immigrants were able to change currency27 and purchase
tickets28 for onward rail travel29 from New York. Having completed this simple process30,
immigrants were told to wait – this wait could be as long as31 five hours – before boarding a
ferry32 to take them to New York City. This simple system allowed millions of immigrants to
enter the US and is largely responsible for the ethnic make-up of the city today33. Even
though34 the immigrants themselves may have had a variety of reasons for deciding to
migrate35, it was only possible because of US national immigration laws36.
43
37. Moving on to the second point (phrase) – 2 дох санаа руугаа шилжвэл
38. As much or more of an effect (phrase) – адилхан хэмжээний эсвэл бүүр илүү их нөлөө
39. Various (adjective) – олон янзын
40. To change radically (phrase) – орвонгоор өөрчлөгдөх
41. Ethnic make-up (phrase) – үндэстэн ястны бүтэц
42. Communities became wealthier (phrase) – нийгмийн бүлэглэлүүд илүү баян чинээлэг болсон
43. Governments introduced new laws (phrase) – засгийн газрууд шинэ хуулиуд нэвтрүүлэх
44. Employment opportunities came and went (phrase) – ажил эрхлэх боломжүүд гарч ирэн алга болсон
45. Factor (noun) – хүчин зүйл
46. To force someone to do something (phrase) – хэн нэгнийг ямар нэгэн зүйлийг хийхэд нь хүчлэх
47. Due to the rise of its importance as a financial trade centre (phrase) – санхүү худалдааны төв гэдгээрээ
олон хүнд чухал болсны улмаас
48. True to some extent (phrase) – тодорхой хэмжээнд үнэн
49. Namely (adverb) – тухайлбал, дурдвал
50. Mayor (noun) – хотын дарга
51. To allow (verb) – зөвшөөрүүлэх
52. To boom (verb) – хөгжих
53. To result in (verb) – -д үр дүн болон хүрэх
54. Area (noun) – бүс нутаг
55. Case study (phrase) – тодорхой жишээний судалгаа
57. Used to do/be something (phrase) – -даг байсан
58. Predominantly (adverb) – голдуу, ихэнхдээ
59. Working class (phrase) – гар хөдөлмөр эрхэлдэг хүмүүсийн нийгмийн давхарга
60. Therefore (conjunction) – тийм болохоор
61. To attract (verb) – татах
62. Unskilled migrant worker (phrase) – чадвар муутай цагаачлан ирсэн ажилчин
63. Nowadays (adverb) – өнөө цагт
64. Fame (noun) – алдар нэр
65. Up-and-coming artists and musicians (phrase) – ирээдүйтэй уран бүтээлч болон хөгжимчид
66. To mean (verb) – утга илэрхийлэх
67. Diverse (adjective) – төрөлжсөн, олон янзын зүйлээс бүтсэн
68. Middle class resident (phrase) – дундаж давхаргын оршин суугч
69. Dramatic change (phrase) – маш их хэмжээний өөрчлөлт
70. Airline staff (phrase) – онгоцны буудалд, онгоцонд ажилладаг ажилтангууд
71. To dramatically increase (phrase) – маш ихээр ихсэх
72. Nature of the local population (phrase) – тухайн газрын хүн амын мөн чанар, үндсэн шинж
44
Moving on to the second point37 – how changes within a country can have as much or more
of an effect38 than those outside the country. Various39 parts of New York have changed
radically40 in their ethnic make-up41 over the last 200 years: communities became
wealthier42, governments introduced new laws43, and employment opportunities came and
went44. These factors45 affect where people choose to live or force46 them to move to
somewhere different. For example, most people think that the population has changed in
Manhattan due to the rise of its importance as a financial trade centre 47, which is true to
some extent48. But like the Ellis Island example, a change in politics, namely49 a change of
mayor50, allowed51 the city to boom52 as a financial centre, and this resulted in53 different
types of people moving to the area54. Brooklyn is an interesting example, too and we’ll be
looking at it as our case study55 later in the lecture. Whereas56 it used to57 be a
predominantly58 working class59 area of the city and therefore60 attracted61 unskilled
migrant workers62, nowadays63 its fame64 as a centre for up-and-coming artists and
musicians65 means66 it has attracted a new and much more diverse67 population of middle
class residents68. Finally, Queens has shown a dramatic change69 in its population over the
last fifty years due to the airports there. This means that the number of airline staff70 living
in the area has dramatically increased71 and changed the nature of the local population72.
45
73. Local change (phrase) – тухайн газрын өөрчлөлт, орон нутгийн өөрчлөлт
74. To change significantly (phrase) – маш ихээр өөрчлөгдөх
75. Over the years (phrase) – хэд хэдэн жилийн турш
76. Economic activity (phrase) – эдийн засгийн үйл ажиллагаа
77. To trace something back to (phrase) – ямар нэгэн зүйлийг буцааж мөрдөх
78. Industry (noun) – үйлдвэр
79. Current financial services companies (phrase) – одоогийн санхүү үйлчилгээний компаниуд
80. Manufacturing (noun) – үйлдвэрлэлт
81. Shipbuilding (noun) – онгоц завь барих
82. To map this onto average wages (phrase) – үүнийг дундаж цалинтай холбох
83. Type and class of resident (phrase) – оршин суугчийн төрөл болон давхарга
84. Population density (phrase) – хүн амын нягтрал
85. To steadily increase (phrase) – тогтвортой ихсэх, өсөх
86. Over the past 100 years (phrase) – сүүлийн 100 жилийн турш
87. Through (preposition) – дамжин, дайрах
88. Inhabitant (noun) – оршин суугч
90. To suffer (verb) – зовох
91. Considerable (adjective) – нэлээн их, том
92. Overpopulation (noun) – хүн амын ихдэлт
93. Due not to employment (phrase) – ажил эрхлэлтийн улмаас биш
94. Subway (noun) – метро
95. To link (verb) – холбох
96. Prior to this (phrase) – үүнээс өмнө
97. Only way of transportation (phrase) – зам тээврийн цор ганц арга
98. Traditionally (adverb) – уламжлалаар
99. Desire (noun) – хүсэмжлэл
100. Middle class (phrase) – дунд давхарга
101. Particular (adjective) – тодорхой нэг
102. Extent and type of local heritage (phrase) – тухайн газрын өв удамшлын хэмжээ болон төрөл
104. Evident (adjective) – илэрхий
105. Construction (noun) – бүтээн байгуулалт
106. Modern day equivalent of this (phrase) – үүнтэй адилхан орчин цагийн зүйл
107. Restoration (noun) – нөхөн сэргээлт
108. Middle-income family (phrase) – дундаж орлоготой гэр бүл
46
Finally, I’d like to use Brooklyn as a case study of local change73. Brooklyn’s population has
changed significantly74 over the years75 and this can most easily be seen in its economic
activity76. Tracing the Brooklyn industries78 back77 from the current financial services
companies79, to manufacturing80 in the 1950s, to shipbuilding81 in the 1900s, we can map
this onto average wages82 and therefore the type and class of resident83. And this has
affected the population density84 too which has been steadily increasing85 over the past
100 years86 from 1.5 million in 1900, through87 to 2 million in the middle of the twentieth
century, to the 2.3 million inhabitants88 today. In fact89, Brooklyn is suffering90 from
considerable91 overpopulation92 now. But this large population increase was due not to
employment93 but the building of the subway94 which linked95 Brooklyn to other areas of
New York. Prior to this96 at the beginning of the twentieth century the only way of
transportation97 was the Brooklyn Bridge. Another factor (хүчин зүйл) which traditionally98
increases the desire99 for the middle classes100 to live in a particular101 place is the extent
and type of local heritage102, especially103 for those people with young children. In Brooklyn
this is evident104 in the increase in population after the construction105 of Coney Island. The
modern day equivalent of this106 is the restoration107 of Prospect Park, which has brought
more middle-income families108 into the area.
47
1. Welcome to Smith’s Gym (phrase) – Смитын жиймд тавтай морил
2. I’d like to become a member (phrase) – би гишүүн болох хүсэлтэй байна
3. To fill out (verb) – бөглөх
4. A couple of forms (phrase) – хэд хэдэн анкет
5. To show around (verb) – эргэн тойрныг харуулах, үзүүлэх
6. Membership form (phrase) – мембершипийн анкет
7. Without (preposition) – -гүйгээр
8. Got it! (phrase) – ойлголоо
9. Contact number (phrase) – холбогдох утас
10. Sure (phrase) – мэдээж
11. At the end (phrase) – төгсгөлд нь
12. Email address (phrase) – имэйл хаяг
48
Unit 9
CD2 Track 15
Receptionist: Hello, and welcome to Smith’s Gym1.
Brad: Hi there. I’d like to become a member2.
Receptionist: Yes, of course. We just need to fill out3 a couple of forms4, and then I can
show you around5 the gym.
Brad: That would be great.
Receptionist: Let’s start with the membership form6. Can I have your name, please?
Brad: Yes, sure. Brad Simmons.
Receptionist: Is that Simmons with a ‘d’ or without7?
Brad: Without. S-I-M-M-O-N-S.
Receptionist: Got it8! And can I take a contact number9, please?
Brad: Yes, sure10.... It’s 0498355521 (0-4-9-8-3-treble 5-2-1).
Receptionist: OK... 0498355531.
Brad: No, uh, it’s 2-1 at the end11.
Receptionist: Great. And do you have an email address12?
Brad: Yes. Brad zero seven at elemnet dot com. That’s e-l-e-m-n-e-t dot com.
49
13. Three membership types (phrase) – 3 мембершипийн төрөл
14. Bronze (noun) – хүрэл
15. To be off peak (phrase) – хамгийн үнэтэй улиралдаа байхгүй байх
16. To cost (verb) – үнэ тарифтай байх
17. Silver (noun) – мөнгөн
19. At all times (phrase) – ямар ч цаг мөчид
20. Gold (noun) – алтан
21. Free access (phrase) – үнэгүйгээр нэвтрэх боломж
22. Squash (noun) – ханатай тоглодог газрын теннис
23. Tennis court (phrase) – газрын теннисний талбай
24. For now (phrase) – одоохондоо
25. Induction (noun) – анх ирж буй хүмүүст зориулсан танилцуулга тур
26. Space (noun) – хоосон суудал, зай
27. Suitable (adjective) – тохиромжтой
29. Trainer (noun) – дасгалжуулагч
50
Receptionist: Right. Now, we’ve got three membership types13 here: bronze14, which is just
off peak15 and costs16 £21.00 a month; silver17, which means18 you can use the gym at all
times19 – this is £36.50. Or for just £5 more you can get a gold20 membership, which gives
you free access21 to the squash22 and tennis courts23 and all classes.
Brad: For now24 I think I’ll just take the silver.
Receptionist: That’s fine, sir. That’ll be £36.50 a month.
Brad: Great. When can I start?
Receptionist: Well, you’ll need to have an induction25 first... We have spaces26 at two thirty,
four forty-five, and eight fifteen tomorrow. Would any of these be suitable27?
Brad: I can’t do tomorrow. Do you have anything for Saturday?
Receptionist: Is that the twelfth of November?
Brad: No, it’s the eleventh.
Receptionist: Yes... Yes that’s fine. Would two thirty be OK?
Brad: That’s fine.
Receptionist: I’ll book28 you in with our trainer29 Rob Ellis. Now, would you like me to show
you around?
Brad: That would be great.
51
30. To go up the stairs (phrase) – шатаар дээш гарах
31. Main equipment room (phrase) – гол багаж хэрэгслийн өрөө
32. Treadmill (noun) – гүйлтийн зам төхөөрөмж
33. Bike (noun) – дугуй
34. Rowing machine (phrase) –
35. Weight (noun) – штанг

36. Corner (noun) – булан
37. At any time (phrase) – ямар ч цаг үед
38. To go through the glass doors on the left (phrase) – зүүн талд байгаа шилэн хаалгаар орж гарах
39. To dominate (verb) – давамгайлах
40. Diving board (phrase) – өндрөөс үсэрдэг шумбалтын тавцан
41. At the far end (phrase) – цаад талын төгсгөлд
42. Impressively tall (phrase) – үнэхээр том сэтгэгдэл төрүүлэм өндөр
43. Right hand side (phrase) – баруун гар талд
44. Lane (noun) – эгнээ
45. To reserve (verb) – хадгалах
46. Slightly less busy (phrase) – арай бага хүнтэй
47. Workout (noun) – дасгал сургуулилт
48. To be sectioned off nearly halfway across the pool (phrase) – бассейны уртын бараг талаар нь хувааж
гаргасан хэсэг байх
49. During the week (phrase) – долоо хоногийн үеэр
50. To keep them confined to that space (phrase) – тэд нарыг тэр зайнд нь байлгаж хязгаарлах
51. Round (adjective) – дугуй хэлбэртэй, бөөрөнхий хэлбэртэй
52. Toddlers pool (phrase) – алхаж эхлээд удаагүй хүүхдүүдэд зориулсан бассейн
53. To vary my exercise (phrase) – дасгалаа өөр өөр болгох
54. Most likely (phrase) – өндөр магадлалтай
55. Then (adverb) – тэр үед
56. To miss (verb) – өнгөрөөх
57. Regular visitor (phrase) – тогтмол зочлогч, хэрэглэгч
58. Television advert (phrase) – телевизийн реклам
59. To prompt (verb) – зоригжуулах, өдөөх
60. Monotonous (adjective) – уйтгартай, нэгэн хэвийн
61. Not at all (phrase) – огт тийм биш
62. Aim (noun) – зорилго
63. To reach my optimum fitness (phrase) – хүрч чадах дээд хэмжээний эрүүл, гоё бие галбирт хүрэх
64. To give it some time (phrase) – үүнд хугацаа өгөх, яарахгүй байх
65. Shall we go back and complete payment details? (phrase) – буцаж төлбөрийн асуудлаа шийдвэрлэх үү?
52
CD2 Track 16
Receptionist: OK, follow me. Let’s go up the stairs30 to the main equipment room31.... As
you can see, we have all the treadmills32, bikes33 and rowing machines34 in here. And the
weights35 are in the corner36.
Brad: Great. And is that the pool over there? Can I use that with my membership?
Receptionist: Yes, at any time37. Just go through the glass doors on the left38. As you can
see, the pool is dominated39 by the diving board40 at the far end41. It’s impressively tall42,
and on the right hand side43 of the pool you can see we have two lanes44. The first one is a
slow lane for those who are trying to improve their fitness. It gets really busy! The lane on
the far right is what we call the club lane. Because we reserve45 this for people who have
membership, it is slightly less busy46 and the members can get a really good workout47 in it.
Brad: That sounds great!
Receptionist: Yes, it is good. And then near us you can see a smaller area sectioned off
nearly halfway across the pool48. This area is where we put the school groups which come
in the late afternoons during the week49. Usually from about four. We keep them confined
to that space50 so that the other end can be used for free swimming.
Brad: And what is the little round51 pool for?
Receptionist: We call that the toddlers pool52. It’s not very deep, and the mothers often
bring their children in to teach them to swim in it.
Brad: Great. Well, I am glad I can use the pool. It will be good to vary my exercise53.
Receptionist: Definitely. When do you think you’ll be coming?
Brad: Most likely54 in the evenings. I’d like to come on Saturdays, but I often work then55, so
I think I’ll have to miss56 that day and then come on Sundays.
Receptionist: Oh, so you’ll be a regular visitor57? That’s great news! Can I ask why you chose
Smith’s Gym?
Brad: Well, actually the television advert58 prompted59 me to join. It makes exercising look
so much fun! I always thought going to the gym would be monotonous60.
Receptionist: No, not at all61. It can be a lot of fun.
Brad: My aim62 is to reach my optimum fitness63. At the moment I think I’m a bit unhealthy,
so I’d like to change that.
Receptionist: Well, give it some time64 and I’m sure you will. Now, shall we go back and
complete the payment details65?
53
1. To welcome (verb) – найрсагаар угтаж авах
2. Annual (adjective) – жил бүрийн
3. In terms of (phrase) – талаасаа, хувьд
4. Expansion (noun) – өргөжилт
5. To optimize business opportunities (phrase) – бизнесийн боломжуудаа дээд хэмжээндээ хүргэх
6. To be pleased (adjective) – баяртай байх
7. Thriving (adjective) – цэцэглэж буй
8. To take this opportunity to do something (phrase) – ямар нэгэн зүйлийг хийхийн тулд энэ боломж, аз
завшааныг ашиглах
9. Overview (noun) – тойм
10. In the next ten years (phrase) – дараагийн 10 жилийн дотор
11. New staff members (phrase) – шинэ ажилтангууд
12. To be worth filling in some background information (phrase) – гарал үүслийн мэдээллээр хангах нь
нэмэртэй, алзахгүй
13. To set up (verb) – үүсгэн байгуулах
14. Local entrepreneur (phrase) – тухайн газарт амьдардаг бизнес эрхлэгч
15. Real achievement (phrase) – жинхэнэ зорьсон амжилт
16. To create (verb) – бүтээх, үүсгэх
17. Consultancy system (phrase) – консалтингийн систем
18. To enable (verb) – боломжтой болгох
19. Client (noun) – үйлчлүүлэгч
20. Key area (phrase) – чухал түлхүүр болсон хэсэг, зүйл
21. Strengthening (noun) – хүчирхэгжилт, бөхжүүлэлт
22. Incredibly successful (phrase) – маш амжилттай
23. To start the company off on a journey of expansion (phrase) – компанийг өргөжилтийн аян замд нь
эхлүүлж өгөх
24. To retire (verb) – тэтгэвэрт гарах
25. To succeed (verb) – залгамжлах
26. To share James’s views on consulting (phrase) – консалтингийн үзэл бодол нь Жэймсын үзэл бодолтой
адилхан байх
27. To increase revenue (phrase) – орлогыг нэмэгдүүлэх
28. Soon (adverb) – удалгүй
29. To become just that (phrase) – тэр зүйл болсон (Бенчмарк гэдэг нэр нь жишиг стандарт гэсэн утгатай,
тэгэхээр компани нь амжилтанд хүрээд бусад консалтинг компаниудад жишиг стандарт болсон)
30. Benchmark (noun) – жишиг стандарт
31. Consulting firm (phrase) – консалтингийн фирм
32. To sell (verb) – зарах
54
Unit 10
CD2 Track 21
Chief Executive Officer (CEO):
I’d like to start by welcoming1 everyone to our annual2 meeting and thanking you all for
your hard work. It’s been a great year for us in terms of3 expansion4 and optimizing
business opportunities5, and I’m pleased6 to say that Benchmark Consulting is a thriving7,
successful company.
I’d like to take this opportunity to8 give you an overview9 of where the company began and
where we’ll be going in the next ten years10. For those of you who’ve been with the
company since the start, sorry if you already know all this, but we have so many new staff
members11 that I thought it would be worth filling in some background information12.
Benchmark Consulting was set up13 in 2000 by James Cox, a local entrepreneur14 who
opened the first office in Melbourne. His real achievement15 was to create16 a new
consultancy system17 which enabled18 clients19 to see which of the key areas20 of their
business needed strengthening21. James was incredibly successful22 with his system, and
started the company off on a journey of expansion23. He retired24 in 2006, and was
succeeded25 by Fred Montgomery. Fred shared James’s views on consulting26, and
continued the expansion; he increased revenue27 to $5 million and opened a new office in
Perth. Soon28 the Benchmark Consulting system had become just that29 – the benchmark30
for many other consulting firms31, and Fred took the opportunity8 to sell32 Benchmark for
$10 million in 2008.
55
33. Investment (noun) – хөрөнгө оруулалт
34. To allow (verb) – зөвшөөрүүлэх
35. Brand new headquarter (phrase) – цоо шинэ гол оффис
36. Exposure at a national level (phrase) – улсын хэмжээний алдар нэр
37. Most recent success (phrase) – хамгийн сүүлд гаргасан амжилт
38. To win a contract (phrase) – гэрээ байгуулж чадах
39. Management restructuring (phrase) – менежментийн бүтцийн өөрчлөлт
40. Reorganization (noun) – дахин зохион байгуулалтын өөрчлөлт
41. Over the last year (phrase) – өмнөх жилийн үеэр
42. To maximize (verb) – хамгийн дээд цэгт нь хүргэх
43. Productivity (noun) – үр бүтээлтэй байх байдал
44. Marketing Department (phrase) – маркетингийн хэлтэс
45. As (conjunction) – яагаад гэвэл
46. To be the key to facilitating one’s future business (phrase) – ирээдүйн бизнесийг дэмжих гол чухал
түлхүүр зүйл нь байх
48. Competitor (noun) – өрсөлдөгч
49. Gateway to international connections (phrase) – олон улсын холбоос үүсгэх үүд хаалга
50. Therefore (conjunction) – тийм болохоор
51. Marketing operations (phrase) – маркетингийн үйл ажиллагаа, удирдлага
52. Professional development (phrase) – мэргэжлийн хөгжил, ахиц
53. To optimize (verb) – дээд хэмжээнд хүргэх, хамгийн ашигтай, амжилттай байдалд хүргэх
54. Training programme (phrase) – дасгалжуулалтын програм
55. Available to our staff (phrase) – бид нарын ажилчдад бэлэн байгаа, боломжтой байгаа
56. Vital (adjective) – амин чухал
57. To remain competitive (phrase) – өрсөлдөх чадвартай хэвээрээ байх
58. As a result (phrase) – үүний үр дүнд нь
59. Staff training will no longer be here in Sydney (phrase) – ажиллагсдыг дасгалжуулах нь ахиж Сиднейд
байхгүй байх болно
60. To take place (phrase) – өрнөх, болох
61. New facilities (phrase) – шинэ барилга байгууламж, тоног төхөөрөмж
62. To install (verb) – суурилуулах
63. Back office administrative functions (phrase) – оффисын арын ажлыг гүйцэтгэдэг захиргааны үүрэг
хариуцлагууд
64. Currently (adverb) – одоогийн байдлаар
65. Own admin department (phrase) – өөрийн гэсэн захиргааны хэлтэс
66. To be proving to be less efficient than we would like (phrase) – бид нарын хүсч байгаагаас арай бага үр
дүнтэй юм байна гэдэг нь харагдаж байх
67. In order to resolve this situation (phrase) – энэхүү ситуацийг шийдвэрлэхийн тулд
68. To be centralized (adjective) – төвлөрүүлэгдсэн байх
56
Our new owners are, as you know, TFB Group Ltd., and their investment33 has allowed34 us
to build our brand new headquarters35 here in Sydney. TFB Group have brought us more
exposure at a national level36, and our most recent success37 has been winning a contract38
with the government of Australia, advising on management restructuring39.
Now we ourselves have done a little reorganization40 over the last year41 to maximize42 our
productivity43. We’ve thought long and hard about the best location for the Marketing
Department44 as45 this is the key to facilitating our future business46. Although47 Perth has
a large number of marketing companies, which enables18 us to learn from our
competitors48, it’s Melbourne that’s the gateway to international connections49, and
therefore50 we’ve decided to move all marketing operations51 there.
In terms of professional development52, we wanted to optimize53 the training

programmes54 available to our staff55 because training is vital56 if we want to remain
competitive57. As a result58, staff training will no longer be here in Sydney59 but instead will
take place60 in the Perth office, where new facilities61 have been installed62.
Finally, we’ve looked at how to optimize our back office administrative functions63.
Currently64, each office has its own admin department65. However, this is proving to be less
efficient than we would like66. In order to resolve this situation67, all these functions will
now be centralized68 here in Sydney.
57
69. What does all this mean? (phrase) – энэ бүхэн юу гэсэн үг вэ?
70. Well (phrase) – яахав
71. Vision for the future (phrase) – ирээдүйн зорилго
72. To divide up parts of the business into smaller units (phrase) – бизнесийн хэсгүүдээ илүү жижиг жижиг
хэсгүүдэд хуваах
73. Over the next five years (phrase) – дараагийн 5 жилийн үеэр
74. To aim to do something (phrase) – ямар нэгэн зүйлийг хийхийг зорих
75. Subsidiary company (phrase) – охин компани
76. In order to (conjunction) – -хийн тулд
77. To focus on (verb) – төвлөрөх
78. International expansion (phrase) – олон улсын өргөжилт
79. Organization (noun) – байгууллага
80. Emerging market (phrase) – шинээр гарч ирж буй зах зээл
81. To benefit from (verb) – ашиг тус авах
82. Experience (noun) – туршлага
83. Skill (noun) – чадвар
84. To lead (verb) – хүргэх
85. Next point (phrase) – дараагийн санаа
86. Future development (phrase) – ирээдүйн хөгжил, дэвшил
87. To increase our workforce (phrase) – ажлын хүчинг ихэсгэх
88. To become clear (phrase) – тодорхой болох, ойлгомжтой болох
89. Department (noun) – хэлтэс
90. To be understaffed (adjective) – ажиллагсдаар дутмаг байх
91. To take on more employees (phrase) – илүү олон ажилчдыг авах
92. Over the next year (phrase) – дараагийн жилийн үеэр
93. Desirable employer (phrase) – хүсэмжит ажил олгогч
94. Position (noun) – албан тушаал
95. Current (adjective) – одоогийн
96. To receive (verb) – хүлээн авах
97. Salary increase (phrase) – цалингийн нэмэгдэлт
98. Financial aspects of having to move to another city as part of the restructure (phrase) – бүтцийн
өөрчлөлтийн улмаас өөр хот руу нүүх шаардлагатай болоод үүнтэй холбоотой санхүүгийн шинж тал
99. To provide (verb) – хангах
100. Relocation package (phrase) – нүүн шилжиж байгаа хүнд зориулсан хэрэгтэй бүх зүйлс (санхүүгийн
дэмжлэг, хэрэгтэй материал, заавар гэх мэт)
101. Thus (conjunction) – тийм болохоор
103. To remain with the company (phrase) – компаниас гарахгүй, компанидаа үлдэх
104. For the foreseeable future (phrase) – ойрын ирээдүйн хугацааны турш (алс холын ирээдүй биш),
урьдчилан харж чадахаар хэмжээний ирээдүйн хугацааны турш
58
CD2 Track 22
Chief Executive Officer (CEO):
So what does all this mean69 for the future? Well70, after ten years, I’ve decided that
Benchmark needs a new vision for the future71. I think it’s time for us to divide up parts of
the business into smaller units72. Therefore, over the next five years73 I aim to74 set up13
two small subsidiary companies75 in order to76 focus on77 international expansion78 in
Europe and Asia. There are many organizations79 in emerging markets80 which could
benefit from81 our experience82 and skills83.
Which leads84 me to the next point85 for future development86: that of increasing our
workforce87. It’s become clear88 that all our departments89 are understaffed90, so we’ll be
taking on more employees91 over the next year92. And the really good news is that to make
us a desirable employer93, all positions94, current95 and future, will receive96 a salary
increase97 of ten per cent.
Lastly, I know that some people are worried about the financial aspects of having to move
to another city as part of the restructure98, so Benchmark will be providing99 a relocation
package100 to all employees thus101 affected102. This is because we would like you all to
remain with the company103 for the foreseeable future104.
59
1. Field trip (phrase) – эрдэм шинжилгээний томилолт
2. To sort out (verb) – шийдвэрлэх
3. As soon as possible (phrase) – аль болох хурдан, эртхэн
4. To work out (verb) – шийдвэрлэх
5. Population (noun) – хүн ам
6. Native language (phrase) – эх хэл
7. To be concentrated (adjective) – төвлөрсөн байх
8. To find out (verb) – олж мэдэх
9. To be widely spoken (phrase) – өргөнөөр яригддаг байх
10. Instead (adverb) – оронд нь
11. Research focus (phrase) – судлах гол сэдэв
12. Area (noun) – сэдэв, санаа
13. To work well (phrase) – тохирох, сайнаар болох
14. Among the younger generation (phrase) – илүү залуу үе удмын хүмүүсийн дунд
15. Up to (phrase) – хүртэл
18. Under the age of twenty-five (phrase) – 25 наснаас доош
21. Older generation (phrase) – ахмадуудын үе удам
22. Any more (phrase) – ахиж
23. Influence of popular culture or tourism (phrase) – орчин үеийн поп соёл урлаг эсвэл аялал жуулчлалын
нөлөө
24. Too general (phrase) – хэт ерөнхий
25. To look at (verb) – харах
26. Whether family has an impact in terms of passing on native language use (phrase) – эх хэлээ өвлүүлэн
дамжуулах талаасаа гэр бүл нөлөө үзүүлдэг үү үгүй юу эсэх
27. Possibly (adverb) – магадлалтайгаар, боломжтой бол
29. Government language policy (phrase) – засгийн газрын сэдсэн хэл соёлтой холбоотой төрийн бодлого
30. Figures can be deceptive (phrase) – статистикийн тоо цифр нь хуурмаг байж болзошгүй
32. To be worth looking at (phrase) – харахад алзахгүй байх
33. Job creation (phrase) – ажлын байр бий болгох
34. Emigration (noun) – цагаачлал
35. As useful as language policy (phrase) – хэл соёлтой холбоотой төрийн бодлоготой адилхан нэмэртэй
36. As well as (phrase) – бас
60
Unit 11
CD2 Track 31
Anna: So, we need to get this field trip1 sorted out2 as soon as possible3, don’t we?
Suzanne: Yes. Let’s get started. James, have you worked out4 which two countries we
should travel to?
James: Well, I thought we could go to the USA and Mexico because that’s where the
populations5 of most native languages6 are concentrated7. But then I found out8 that the
three languages we’re most interested in are more widely spoken9 in Canada than Mexico
so I think we should go there instead10.
Suzanne: OK... Anna, weren’t you going to think about our research focus11?
Anna: Yes, and I think I’ve found two areas12 that would work well13. Firstly, use of the three
languages, Na-Dene, Salishan, and Algic among the younger generation14 – people up to15
the age of twenty-five. I found out that although16 there are many older speakers of Algic,
it’s used much less by the young. In fact17, young people under the age of twenty-five18 use
both Na-Dene and Salishan more than Algic.
James: That’s interesting. That means19 that native language use isn’t really being affected20
by the older generations21 any more22.
Suzanne: So, what’s the other focus area then, Anna?
Anna: Well, it would be good to try to find out what affects changes in native language
speaker populations.
James: You mean things like family life, and the influence of popular culture or tourism23?
Anna: Yes, areas like that, but not tourism or culture because they’re too general24. I think
we should look at25 whether family has an impact in terms of passing on native language
use26. And possibly27 the effects28 of government language policy29 too.
Suzanne: Government figures can be deceptive30, but they’re still31 worth looking at32.
Maybe we should also focus on something like job creation33 and work statistics and the
number of people who leave the USA to live in another country instead.
James: Mm, yes. I think emigration34 would be as useful as language policy35.
Suzanne: OK, then. Let’s focus on those three as well as36 what happens in families.
61
37. To look at (verb) – харах
38. Route (noun) – маршрут
39. To look for (verb) – хайх
40. Background information (phrase) – нөхцөл байдалтай холбоотой мэдээлэл
41. To collect data (phrase) – тоо баримт цуглуулах
42. South-west corner of the state (phrase) – мужийн баруун өмнөд булан
43. Reservation (noun) – дархан цаазат газар
44. To be able to do/be something (phrase) – ямар нэгэн зүйлийг хийж чадах
45. Eastern mountains (phrase) – зүүн зүгийн уулс
46. Local education authority (phrase) – орон нутгийн боловсролын захиргаа
47. North County (phrase) – хойд хэсгийн харъяат нутаг
48. Native language project (phrase) – эх хэлний төсөл
49. Education department (phrase) – боловсролын хэлтэс
50. Bilingualism (noun) – 2 хэлээр ярьж чадах чадвар
51. In that case (phrase) – наад тохиолдолд чинь
52. Valuable (adjective) – нэмэртэй, чухал
53. To head (verb) – зүглэх
54. South-east (adverb/adjective/noun) – зүүн өмнөд
55. To employ (verb) –ажил олгох
56. Managing director (phrase) – захирал
57. Definitely (adverb) – батлагаатай
58. To confirm (verb) – батлагаажуулах
59. South central area of the region (phrase) – нутгийн өмнөд төв бүс
60. Policy (noun) – бодлого
61. Whereby (adverb) – by which
62. Sign (noun) – хот гудамжинд байдаг тэмдэг
63. Local language (phrase) – тухайн газрын эх хэл
64. Visuals (noun) – харах зүйлс
65. Report (noun) – тайлан
66. Intrusive (adjective) – халдан орсон байх
67. To be used to something (phrase) – ямар нэгэн зүйлд дассан байх
68. Village (noun) – тосгон
69. Model (noun) – загвар жишээ
71. To add (verb) – нэмэх
72. Itinerary (noun) – дэлгэрэнгүй төлөвлөгөө эсвэл төлөвлөсөн маршрут
62
CD2 Track 32
Anna: Well, shall we look at37 our route38 now? Most of the speakers we’re looking for39 are
in California, so we could start there. We can spend two weeks travelling around and
meeting people to get some background information40 and then start collecting data41.
Suzanne: What do you think about beginning in the south-west corner of the state42 and
visiting the Barona reservation43?
Anna: That’s a good idea. We’ll be able to44 get some interviews with native language
speakers there. And then we could go to the eastern mountains45 to visit the local
education authority46 of North County47 – they’ve got a native language project48 for school
children.
James: Why there? Wouldn’t it be better to go to the education department49 in San Diego?
It’s bigger.
Anna: But they focus more on Spanish and English Bilingualism50 and less on native
languages.
James: In that case51, the North County Education Authority will be more valuable52 so let’s
do that. After that, we could head53 south-east54 to the town of Bishop. There’s a company
there called Co-Tech, which employs55 only bilingual speakers. I’ve emailed the managing
director56, who’s happy to give us an interview.
Suzanne: That’s great work, James! It sounds like something we should definitely57 do.
James: Right, well I’ll email her to confirm58.
Anna: Also, we should go to Sun City. It’s this bilingual town in the south central area of the
region59. They have a policy60 whereby61 all signs62 in the town must be in the local
language63 as well as36 English. We can take photos of these signs – they’ll make good
visuals64 for our report65.
Suzanne: But won’t that be intrusive66 for the people who live there?
Anna: No, they’re used to67 it – the village68 is used as a model69 for other communities70
who’d like to do the same thing.
Suzanne: In that case, let’s add71 it to the itinerary72.
63

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1.

Possible (adjective) – боломжтой

49. To be proving to be (phrase) – ийм, тийм юм байна гэдэг нь харагдаж байгаа

However, on a more positive note106, people, especially107 women, are proving108....

35. Weight (noun) – штанг

In terms of professional development52, we wanted to optimize53 the training

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