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Instituto Tecnológico y De Estudios

Superiores de Monterrey
Thermal conduction
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Fourier’s Law
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q̄ = k T
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W
q̄ = Heat flux density
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m2

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W
rT = Temperature gradient
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mK

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K
k = Material conductivity
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m
Power Amount of energy delivered per unit of time
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dU Q
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P = =
dt dt
Q T
= /A
dt x

dU Q
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P = =
Heat flows through a material: dt dt
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Q T
Proportional to cross-sectional area A
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= /A
dt x
Inversely proportional to its thickness
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Q T
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= kA
dt x
dT
= kA k = Material conductivity
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dx

dT
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Fourier’s Law Q= kA
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dx
I.- Flat Wall
<latexit sha1_base64="euqmWk6d90Y3FszDYecFcA2X11g=">AAAB7nicbZDLSsNAFIZP6q3WW9Wlm8EiuDEkBS/LoiC6q2Av0IYymZ60QycXZyZCCX0NXYm682F8Ad/Gac1CW//VN+f/B85//ERwpR3nyyosLa+srhXXSxubW9s75d29popTybDBYhHLtk8VCh5hQ3MtsJ1IpKEvsOWPrqZ+6xGl4nF0r8cJeiEdRDzgjGoz8m7tE3ItqCYtKkSvXHFsZyayCG4OFchV75U/u/2YpSFGmgmqVMd1Eu1lVGrOBE5K3VRhQtmIDrBjMKIhKi+bLT0hR0EsiR4imb1/ZzMaKjUOfZMJqR6qeW86/M/rpDq48DIeJanGiJmI8YJUEB2TaXfS5xKZFmMDlElutiRsSCVl2lyoZOq782UXoVm13TP79K5aqV3mhyjCARzCMbhwDjW4gTo0gMEDPMMbvFuJ9WS9WK8/0YKV/9mHP7I+vgHrUY6U</latexit>
I.- Flat Wall
<latexit sha1_base64="euqmWk6d90Y3FszDYecFcA2X11g=">AAAB7nicbZDLSsNAFIZP6q3WW9Wlm8EiuDEkBS/LoiC6q2Av0IYymZ60QycXZyZCCX0NXYm682F8Ad/Gac1CW//VN+f/B85//ERwpR3nyyosLa+srhXXSxubW9s75d29popTybDBYhHLtk8VCh5hQ3MtsJ1IpKEvsOWPrqZ+6xGl4nF0r8cJeiEdRDzgjGoz8m7tE3ItqCYtKkSvXHFsZyayCG4OFchV75U/u/2YpSFGmgmqVMd1Eu1lVGrOBE5K3VRhQtmIDrBjMKIhKi+bLT0hR0EsiR4imb1/ZzMaKjUOfZMJqR6qeW86/M/rpDq48DIeJanGiJmI8YJUEB2TaXfS5xKZFmMDlElutiRsSCVl2lyoZOq782UXoVm13TP79K5aqV3mhyjCARzCMbhwDjW4gTo0gMEDPMMbvFuJ9WS9WK8/0YKV/9mHP7I+vgHrUY6U</latexit>

dT
<latexit sha1_base64="q+hslXD7jT0dyVXiUIz8GfM7zT0=">AAAB9XicbZDJTsMwFEVfGEuZQlmysaiQ2FAliGmDVGDDspU6SW1UOY7TWnUG2Q60ivIpsELAjh/hB/gb3JIFtNzV8bvX0nvXjTmTyrK+jKXlldW19cJGcXNre2fX3Cu1ZJQIQpsk4pHouFhSzkLaVExx2okFxYHLadsd3U399gMVkkVhQ01i6gR4EDKfEaz0qG+W6tcno5ueLzBJvUaWeuOsb5atijUTWgQ7hzLkqvXNz54XkSSgoSIcS9m1rVg5KRaKEU6zYi+RNMZkhAe0qzHEAZVOOts9Q0d+JJAaUjR7/86mOJByErg6E2A1lPPedPif102Uf+WkLIwTRUOiI9rzE45UhKYVII8JShSfaMBEML0lIkOsG1C6qKI+354/dhFapxX7onJePytXb/MiCnAAh3AMNlxCFe6hBk0gMIZneIN349F4Ml6M15/okpH/2Yc/Mj6+AZKskeE=</latexit>

Q= kA
dx

Q
T2
<latexit sha1_base64="pqTLF9WVNZtnSyJAJOwfuaSlNcA=">AAAB5HicbZDLTsMwEEUnPEt5FViysaiQWFVJxWtZwYZlEX1JbVQ57qS16jiR7SBVUf8AVgjY8UX8AH+DW7KAlrs6nnstzZ0gEVwb1/1yVlbX1jc2C1vF7Z3dvf3SwWFLx6li2GSxiFUnoBoFl9g03AjsJAppFAhsB+Pbmd9+RKV5LBtmkqAf0aHkIWfU2NFDo1/tl8puxZ2LLIOXQxly1fulz94gZmmE0jBBte56bmL8jCrDmcBpsZdqTCgb0yF2LUoaofaz+apTchrGipgRkvn7dzajkdaTKLCZiJqRXvRmw/+8bmrCaz/jMkkNSmYj1gtTQUxMZo3JgCtkRkwsUKa43ZKwEVWUGXuXoq3vLZZdhla14l1WLu7Py7Wb/BAFOIYTOAMPrqAGd1CHJjAYwjO8wbsTOk/Oi/P6E11x8j9H8EfOxzfL84sc</latexit>

<latexit sha1_base64="JMApfzLRmrhUlHqwmVi3OSef7JQ=">AAACDHicbVC7TsMwAHTKq5RXgJHFokICCaqk4rUgFVgYGFqpL6mPyHHd1qrjRLaDqKL8AvwMTAjYmPgB/gYndICWG6zz3VnynRswKpVlfRmZufmFxaXscm5ldW19w9zcqks/FJjUsM980XSRJIxyUlNUMdIMBEGey0jDHV0nfuOOCEl9XlXjgHQ8NOC0TzFSWnLMgwpsU64cq3sL24ewd39xNLpMlajq2HFXn8U4MaqOmbcKVgo4S+wJyYMJyo752e75OPQIV5ghKVu2FahOhISimJE41w4lCRAeoQFpacqRR2QnSivFcK/vC6iGBKb339kIeVKOPVdnPKSGctpLxP+8Vqj6552I8iBUhGMd0V4/ZFD5MFkG9qggWLGxJggLqn8J8RAJhJXeL6fr29NlZ0m9WLBPCyeV43zpajJEFuyAXbAPbHAGSuAGlEENYPAInsEbeDcejCfjxXj9iWaMyZtt8AfGxzeq45ls</latexit>

Z L Z T2
T1
<latexit sha1_base64="sxmWpvJd981f5N6IYTUyq/RyMrU=">AAAB5HicbZDLTsMwEEUn5VXKq8CSjUWFxKpKEK9lBRuWRfQltVHluJPWqhNHtoNURf0DWCFgxxfxA/wNbskCWu7qeO61NHeCRHBtXPfLKaysrq1vFDdLW9s7u3vl/YOWlqli2GRSSNUJqEbBY2wabgR2EoU0CgS2g/HtzG8/otJcxg0zSdCP6DDmIWfU2NFDo+/1yxW36s5FlsHLoQK56v3yZ28gWRphbJigWnc9NzF+RpXhTOC01Es1JpSN6RC7FmMaofaz+apTchJKRcwIyfz9O5vRSOtJFNhMRM1IL3qz4X9eNzXhtZ/xOEkNxsxGrBemghhJZo3JgCtkRkwsUKa43ZKwEVWUGXuXkq3vLZZdhtZZ1busXtyfV2o3+SGKcATHcAoeXEEN7qAOTWAwhGd4g3cndJ6cF+f1J1pw8j+H8EfOxzfKdYsb</latexit>

Q dx = kA dT
0 T1

A <latexit sha1_base64="ZhYh6QAkxuMFNOp4FtLTiWu0wqI=">AAAB8nicbZDLTsJAFIanXhEvVF26mUhMcAFpibeNCerGhQtIuCXQNNNhChOml8ycmpCGF9GVUXc+ii/g2zhgFwr+q2/O/09y/uPFgiuwrC9jZXVtfWMzt5Xf3tndK5j7B20VJZKyFo1EJLseUUzwkLWAg2DdWDISeIJ1vPHdzO88Mql4FDZhEjMnIMOQ+5wS0CPXLDQersvjm1LTrZabrn3qmkWrYs2Fl8HOoIgy1V3zsz+IaBKwEKggSvVsKwYnJRI4FWya7yeKxYSOyZD1NIYkYMpJ54tP8YkfSQwjhufv39mUBEpNAk9nAgIjtejNhv95vQT8KyflYZwAC6mOaM9PBIYIz/rjAZeMgphoIFRyvSWmIyIJBX2lvK5vL5Zdhna1Yl9UzhtnxdptdogcOkLHqIRsdIlq6B7VUQtRlKBn9IbeDTCejBfj9Se6YmR/DtEfGR/fs62O2g==</latexit>

QL = kA(T2 T1 )
L
<latexit sha1_base64="yN8BB41dWNRQufmwBXhJhQls3Z8=">AAAB4nicbZC7TsMwFIZPyq2UW4GRxaJCYqoSxG2sYGFgaCV6kdqoctyT1qqdRLaDVEV9AZgQsPFIvABvg1syQMs/fT7/b+n8J0gE18Z1v5zCyura+kZxs7S1vbO7V94/aOk4VQybLBax6gRUo+ARNg03AjuJQioDge1gfDvz24+oNI+jBzNJ0Jd0GPGQM2rsqHHfL1fcqjsXWQYvhwrkqvfLn71BzFKJkWGCat313MT4GVWGM4HTUi/VmFA2pkPsWoyoRO1n80Wn5CSMFTEjJPP372xGpdYTGdiMpGakF73Z8D+vm5rw2s94lKQGI2Yj1gtTQUxMZn3JgCtkRkwsUKa43ZKwEVWUGXuVkq3vLZZdhtZZ1busXjTOK7Wb/BBFOIJjOAUPrqAGd1CHJjBAeIY3eHcGzpPz4rz+RAtO/ucQ/sj5+Aac0Ypv</latexit>

<latexit sha1_base64="vPPGJzxumSLqVoLw91289ZTEmRg=">AAACBnicbVC7TsNAEDzzDOEVoKQ5ESFBQWRHvBqkAA0FRZASQIot63ysk1POD92tkSLLPfwMVAjo+AB+gL/hElLwmmp2Z1bamSCVQqNtf1gTk1PTM7OlufL8wuLScmVl9VInmeLQ5olM1HXANEgRQxsFSrhOFbAokHAV9E+H+tUtKC2SuIWDFLyIdWMRCs7QrPxK9eKof+xKCHHLDRXject3dlp+vcjPC+oq0e3htnHZNXsE+pc4Y1IlYzT9yrt7k/Asghi5ZFp3HDtFL2cKBZdQlN1MQ8p4n3WhY2jMItBePgpT0M0wURR7QEfzd2/OIq0HUWA8EcOe/q0Nl/9pnQzDQy8XcZohxNxYjBZmkmJCh53QG6GAoxwYwrgS5kvKe8y0gaa5sonv/A77l1zWa85+be9it9o4GRdRIutkg2wRhxyQBjkjTdImnNyTR/JCXq0768F6sp6/rBPW+GaN/ID19gnI/5f+</latexit>

✓ ◆
T1 T2
Q = kA
T 1 > T2
<latexit sha1_base64="+knKsnWgPHYeBLark0jvVAMcELQ=">AAAB6HicbZDLSsNAFIZP6q3WW9Wlm8EiuCpJ8baSohuXFXqDNoTJ9KQdO7kwMxFK6DvoStSdz+ML+DZOaxba+q++Of8/cP7jJ4IrbdtfVmFldW19o7hZ2tre2d0r7x+0VZxKhi0Wi1h2fapQ8AhbmmuB3UQiDX2BHX98O/M7jygVj6OmniTohnQY8YAzqs2o0/Sc66ZX88oVu2rPRZbByaECuRpe+bM/iFkaYqSZoEr1HDvRbkal5kzgtNRPFSaUjekQewYjGqJys/m6U3ISxJLoEZL5+3c2o6FSk9A3mZDqkVr0ZsP/vF6qgys341GSaoyYiRgvSAXRMZm1JgMukWkxMUCZ5GZLwkZUUqbNbUqmvrNYdhnatapzUT2/P6vUb/JDFOEIjuEUHLiEOtxBA1rAYAzP8Abv1oP1ZL1Yrz/RgpX/OYQ/sj6+ARXBjGY=</latexit>

L
I.- Flat Wall
<latexit sha1_base64="euqmWk6d90Y3FszDYecFcA2X11g=">AAAB7nicbZDLSsNAFIZP6q3WW9Wlm8EiuDEkBS/LoiC6q2Av0IYymZ60QycXZyZCCX0NXYm682F8Ad/Gac1CW//VN+f/B85//ERwpR3nyyosLa+srhXXSxubW9s75d29popTybDBYhHLtk8VCh5hQ3MtsJ1IpKEvsOWPrqZ+6xGl4nF0r8cJeiEdRDzgjGoz8m7tE3ItqCYtKkSvXHFsZyayCG4OFchV75U/u/2YpSFGmgmqVMd1Eu1lVGrOBE5K3VRhQtmIDrBjMKIhKi+bLT0hR0EsiR4imb1/ZzMaKjUOfZMJqR6qeW86/M/rpDq48DIeJanGiJmI8YJUEB2TaXfS5xKZFmMDlElutiRsSCVl2lyoZOq782UXoVm13TP79K5aqV3mhyjCARzCMbhwDjW4gTo0gMEDPMMbvFuJ9WS9WK8/0YKV/9mHP7I+vgHrUY6U</latexit>

Th Tc
A
L
<latexit sha1_base64="yN8BB41dWNRQufmwBXhJhQls3Z8=">AAAB4nicbZC7TsMwFIZPyq2UW4GRxaJCYqoSxG2sYGFgaCV6kdqoctyT1qqdRLaDVEV9AZgQsPFIvABvg1syQMs/fT7/b+n8J0gE18Z1v5zCyura+kZxs7S1vbO7V94/aOk4VQybLBax6gRUo+ARNg03AjuJQioDge1gfDvz24+oNI+jBzNJ0Jd0GPGQM2rsqHHfL1fcqjsXWQYvhwrkqvfLn71BzFKJkWGCat313MT4GVWGM4HTUi/VmFA2pkPsWoyoRO1n80Wn5CSMFTEjJPP372xGpdYTGdiMpGakF73Z8D+vm5rw2s94lKQGI2Yj1gtTQUxMZn3JgCtkRkwsUKa43ZKwEVWUGXuVkq3vLZZdhtZZ1busXjTOK7Wb/BBFOIJjOAUPrqAGd1CHJjBAeIY3eHcGzpPz4rz+RAtO/ucQ/sj5+Aac0Ypv</latexit>

<latexit sha1_base64="vPPGJzxumSLqVoLw91289ZTEmRg=">AAACBnicbVC7TsNAEDzzDOEVoKQ5ESFBQWRHvBqkAA0FRZASQIot63ysk1POD92tkSLLPfwMVAjo+AB+gL/hElLwmmp2Z1bamSCVQqNtf1gTk1PTM7OlufL8wuLScmVl9VInmeLQ5olM1HXANEgRQxsFSrhOFbAokHAV9E+H+tUtKC2SuIWDFLyIdWMRCs7QrPxK9eKof+xKCHHLDRXject3dlp+vcjPC+oq0e3htnHZNXsE+pc4Y1IlYzT9yrt7k/Asghi5ZFp3HDtFL2cKBZdQlN1MQ8p4n3WhY2jMItBePgpT0M0wURR7QEfzd2/OIq0HUWA8EcOe/q0Nl/9pnQzDQy8XcZohxNxYjBZmkmJCh53QG6GAoxwYwrgS5kvKe8y0gaa5sonv/A77l1zWa85+be9it9o4GRdRIutkg2wRhxyQBjkjTdImnNyTR/JCXq0768F6sp6/rBPW+GaN/ID19gnI/5f+</latexit>

✓ ◆ ✓ ◆
T1 T2
<latexit sha1_base64="it4QQ9LvoDUfz6BdfEoRcHIVD0k=">AAACBnicbVC7TsNAEDzzJrwClDQnIiQoiGzEq0Hi0VBQJFISkGIrOh/r+JTzQ3drpMhyDz8DFQI6PoAf4G+4hBQQmGp2Z1baGT+VQqNtf1oTk1PTM7Nz86WFxaXllfLqWksnmeLQ5IlM1I3PNEgRQxMFSrhJFbDIl3Dt9y4G+vUdKC2SuIH9FLyIdWMRCM7QrDrlSv2kd+ZKCHDbDRTjeaMT7jY6vMivCuoq0Q1xx7jsqj0E/UucEamQEWqd8od7m/Asghi5ZFq3HTtFL2cKBZdQlNxMQ8p4j3WhbWjMItBePgxT0K0gURRDoMP5pzdnkdb9yDeeiGGox7XB8j+tnWFw7OUiTjOEmBuL0YJMUkzooBN6KxRwlH1DGFfCfEl5yEwbaJormfjOeNi/pLVXdQ6rB/X9yun5qIg5skE2yTZxyBE5JZekRpqEkwfyRF7Jm3VvPVrP1su3dcIa3ayTX7DevwBp+phm</latexit>

Q = kA Th Tc
L Q = kA
L

Th = Hot temperature
<latexit sha1_base64="SO/6zP6+bI0lX18ORsxRSdmhw6Y=">AAAB+XicbZDLSgMxFIYzXmu9jQpu3ARbwVWZKXjZCEU3XVboDdqhZNLTNjRzITkjlLEPoytRd76GL+DbmNZZaOu/+nL+P3DO78dSaHScL2tldW19YzO3ld/e2d3btw8OmzpKFIcGj2Sk2j7TIEUIDRQooR0rYIEvoeWP72Z+6wGUFlFYx0kMXsCGoRgIztCMevZxsd4b3RRpNUKKEMSgGCYKenbBKTlz0WVwMyiQTLWe/dntRzwJIEQumdYd14nRS5lCwSVM891EQ8z4mA2hYzBkAWgvne8/pWeDSFEcAZ2/f2dTFmg9CXyTCRiO9KI3G/7ndRIcXHupCOMEIeQmYrxBIilGdFYD7QsFHOXEAONKmC0pHzHFOJqy8uZ8d/HYZWiWS+5l6eK+XKjcZkXkyAk5JefEJVekQqqkRhqEk0fyTN7Iu5VaT9aL9foTXbGyP0fkj6yPb3k4kt0=</latexit>

T 1 > T2
<latexit sha1_base64="+knKsnWgPHYeBLark0jvVAMcELQ=">AAAB6HicbZDLSsNAFIZP6q3WW9Wlm8EiuCpJ8baSohuXFXqDNoTJ9KQdO7kwMxFK6DvoStSdz+ML+DZOaxba+q++Of8/cP7jJ4IrbdtfVmFldW19o7hZ2tre2d0r7x+0VZxKhi0Wi1h2fapQ8AhbmmuB3UQiDX2BHX98O/M7jygVj6OmniTohnQY8YAzqs2o0/Sc66ZX88oVu2rPRZbByaECuRpe+bM/iFkaYqSZoEr1HDvRbkal5kzgtNRPFSaUjekQewYjGqJys/m6U3ISxJLoEZL5+3c2o6FSk9A3mZDqkVr0ZsP/vF6qgys341GSaoyYiRgvSAXRMZm1JgMukWkxMUCZ5GZLwkZUUqbNbUqmvrNYdhnatapzUT2/P6vUb/JDFOEIjuEUHLiEOtxBA1rAYAzP8Abv1oP1ZL1Yrz/RgpX/OYQ/sj6+ARXBjGY=</latexit>

Tc = Cold temperature
<latexit sha1_base64="zHCL1FKtJf79UQHCTj3EI956S30=">AAAB+nicbVDLTgJBEJzFF+IL9eDBy0Qw8UR2SXxcTIhePGLCKwGymR0amDCzu5npNSErP6Mno978DH/Av3FADgrWqbqrOumqIJbCoOt+OZmV1bX1jexmbmt7Z3cvv3/QMFGiOdR5JCPdCpgBKUKoo0AJrVgDU4GEZjC6nerNB9BGRGENxzF0FRuEoi84Q7vy80fFms+vi9Q6exRBxaAZJhr8fMEtuTPQZeLNSYHMUfXzn51exBMFIXLJjGl7bozdlGkUXMIk10kMxIyP2ADaloZMgemmswATetqPNMUh0Nn825syZcxYBdajGA7NojZd/qe1E+xfdVMRxglCyK3Fav1EUozotAfaExo4yrEljGthv6R8yDTjaNvK2fjeYthl0iiXvIvS+X25ULmZF5Elx+SEnBGPXJIKuSNVUiecTMgzeSPvzqPz5Lw4rz/WjDO/OSR/4Hx8Ax9Tkzk=</latexit>
I.- Flat Wall
<latexit sha1_base64="euqmWk6d90Y3FszDYecFcA2X11g=">AAAB7nicbZDLSsNAFIZP6q3WW9Wlm8EiuDEkBS/LoiC6q2Av0IYymZ60QycXZyZCCX0NXYm682F8Ad/Gac1CW//VN+f/B85//ERwpR3nyyosLa+srhXXSxubW9s75d29popTybDBYhHLtk8VCh5hQ3MtsJ1IpKEvsOWPrqZ+6xGl4nF0r8cJeiEdRDzgjGoz8m7tE3ItqCYtKkSvXHFsZyayCG4OFchV75U/u/2YpSFGmgmqVMd1Eu1lVGrOBE5K3VRhQtmIDrBjMKIhKi+bLT0hR0EsiR4imb1/ZzMaKjUOfZMJqR6qeW86/M/rpDq48DIeJanGiJmI8YJUEB2TaXfS5xKZFmMDlElutiRsSCVl2lyoZOq782UXoVm13TP79K5aqV3mhyjCARzCMbhwDjW4gTo0gMEDPMMbvFuJ9WS9WK8/0YKV/9mHP7I+vgHrUY6U</latexit>

✓ ◆
L
<latexit sha1_base64="am3i6D4Hk6W59s0P4V1pQlSOkWo=">AAAB+HicbZC7TsMwFIZPyq2UWwAxsVhUSCxUCeK2IBVYGBhaqTepjSLHdRqrzkW2g1SivAtMCNh4Dl6At8EtHaDlnz6f/7d0zu8lnEllWV9GYWFxaXmluFpaW9/Y3DK3d1oyTgWhTRLzWHQ8LClnEW0qpjjtJILi0OO07Q1vx377gQrJ4qihRgl1QjyImM8IVnrkmnsNNzhuuOSq5wtMsvs8G17nddcsWxVrIjQP9hTKMFXNNT97/ZikIY0U4VjKrm0lysmwUIxwmpd6qaQJJkM8oF2NEQ6pdLLJ+jk69GOBVEDR5P07m+FQylHo6UyIVSBnvfHwP6+bKv/SyViUpIpGREe056ccqRiNW0B9JihRfKQBE8H0logEWDegdFclfb49e+w8tE4q9nnlrH5art5MiyjCPhzAEdhwAVW4gxo0gUAGz/AG78aj8WS8GK8/0YIx/bMLf2R8fANz4pLo</latexit>

<latexit sha1_base64="it4QQ9LvoDUfz6BdfEoRcHIVD0k=">AAACBnicbVC7TsNAEDzzJrwClDQnIiQoiGzEq0Hi0VBQJFISkGIrOh/r+JTzQ3drpMhyDz8DFQI6PoAf4G+4hBQQmGp2Z1baGT+VQqNtf1oTk1PTM7Nz86WFxaXllfLqWksnmeLQ5IlM1I3PNEgRQxMFSrhJFbDIl3Dt9y4G+vUdKC2SuIH9FLyIdWMRCM7QrDrlSv2kd+ZKCHDbDRTjeaMT7jY6vMivCuoq0Q1xx7jsqj0E/UucEamQEWqd8od7m/Asghi5ZFq3HTtFL2cKBZdQlNxMQ8p4j3WhbWjMItBePgxT0K0gURRDoMP5pzdnkdb9yDeeiGGox7XB8j+tnWFw7OUiTjOEmBuL0YJMUkzooBN6KxRwlH1DGFfCfEl5yEwbaJormfjOeNi/pLVXdQ6rB/X9yun5qIg5skE2yTZxyBE5JZekRpqEkwfyRF7Jm3VvPVrP1su3dcIa3ayTX7DevwBp+phm</latexit>

Th Tc
Q = kA Th Tc = Q
L kA
R
<latexit sha1_base64="iJBEDUpNGIUbjoZCMVInY0LrFPA=">AAAB4nicbZDLTsJAFIZP8YZ4Q126mUhMXJHWeFsS3bgEI5cEGjIdTmHCTNvMTE1Iwwvoyqg7H8kX8G0csAsF/9U35/8nOf8JEsG1cd0vp7Cyura+UdwsbW3v7O6V9w9aOk4VwyaLRaw6AdUoeIRNw43ATqKQykBgOxjfzvz2IyrN4+jBTBL0JR1GPOSMGjtq3PfLFbfqzkWWwcuhArnq/fJnbxCzVGJkmKBadz03MX5GleFM4LTUSzUmlI3pELsWIypR+9l80Sk5CWNFzAjJ/P07m1Gp9UQGNiOpGelFbzb8z+umJrz2Mx4lqcGI2Yj1wlQQE5NZXzLgCpkREwuUKW63JGxEFWXGXqVk63uLZZehdVb1LqsXjfNK7SY/RBGO4BhOwYMrqMEd1KEJDBCe4Q3enYHz5Lw4rz/RgpP/OYQ/cj6+AaXFinU=</latexit>

Thermal resistance
<latexit sha1_base64="8dBkpdz4/TNjVH2M+7SHqkYSWM8=">AAAB9nicbVDLTsMwEHR4lvIK9MjFokLiVCWVeBwruHAsUl9SG1WOu2ms2klkO4go6q/ACQE3PoQf4G9wSg7QMqfZnVnt7vgJZ0o7zpe1tr6xubVd2anu7u0fHNpHxz0Vp5JCl8Y8lgOfKOAsgq5mmsMgkUCEz6Hvz24Lvf8AUrE46ugsAU+QacQCRok2rbFd64QgBeFYgjLbSEShOrbrTsNZAK8StyR1VKI9tj9Hk5imAiJNOVFq6DqJ9nIiNaMc5tVRqiAhdEamMDQ0IgKUly+On+OzIJZYh4AX9W9vToRSmfCNRxAdqmWtaP6nDVMdXHs5i5JUQ0SNxWhByrGOcZEBnjAJVPPMEEIlM1diGhJJqDZJFe+7y8+ukl6z4V42Lu6b9dZNGUQFnaBTdI5cdIVa6A61URdRlKFn9IberUfryXqxXn+sa1Y5U0N/YH18AywYki4=</latexit>

T = RQ
<latexit sha1_base64="zSFoe7N2dNJ2qUnLAqbrFxfzM8c=">AAAB7HicbZDLSgMxFIYz9VbrrerSTbAIrsqMeNsIRV24bKU3mA4lk55pQzPJkGSEMvQtdCXqzqfxBXwb0zoLrf6rL+f/A+c/YcKZNq776RSWlldW14rrpY3Nre2d8u5eW8tUUWhRyaXqhkQDZwJahhkO3UQBiUMOnXB8M/M7D6A0k6JpJgkEMRkKFjFKjB35vVvghuDm1X2jX664VXcu/Be8HCooV71f/ugNJE1jEIZyorXvuYkJMqIMoxympV6qISF0TIbgWxQkBh1k85Wn+CiSCpsR4Pn7ZzYjsdaTOLSZmJiRXvRmw/88PzXRZZAxkaQGBLUR60Upx0biWXM8YAqo4RMLhCpmt8R0RBShxt6nZOt7i2X/Qvuk6p1Xzxqnldp1fogiOkCH6Bh56ALV0B2qoxaiSKIn9IreHOE8Os/Oy3e04OR/9tEvOe9fD6GOIQ==</latexit>

<latexit sha1_base64="RoOhI0jfIRny5deJb8v+kLgHHUE=">AAACBHicbVDLTgJBEJzFF+IL9ehllJjghewaXxcToh48guGVsITMDr0wYfaRmV4TQrjqz+jJqDe/wB/wbxyQg4J1qu6qTrrKi6XQaNtfVmphcWl5Jb2aWVvf2NzKbu/UdJQoDlUeyUg1PKZBihCqKFBCI1bAAk9C3etfj/X6PSgtorCCgxhaAeuGwhecoVm1s/vuDUhktHLpSvAxT12dBPSuLVwluj08ouV2NmcX7AnoPHGmJEemKLWzn24n4kkAIXLJtG46doytIVMouIRRxk00xIz3WReahoYsAN0aTqKM6KEfKYo9oJP5t3fIAq0HgWc8AcOentXGy/+0ZoL+RWsowjhBCLmxGM1PJMWIjhuhHaGAoxwYwrgS5kvKe0wxjqa3jInvzIadJ7XjgnNWOC2f5IpX0yLSZI8ckDxxyDkpkltSIlXCySN5Jm/k3XqwnqwX6/XHmrKmN7vkD6yPb8xultk=</latexit>

⇣X ⌘
For n walls in series:
<latexit sha1_base64="HVh1me+rnmIVOdDThRLMq+xtuaQ=">AAAB/XicbVDLSsNAFJ3UV62vqDvdDLaCq5IUfOCqKIjLCvYBbSiT6U07dDIJMxOlhKI/oytRd/6EP+DfOK1ZaOtZnXvPuXDP8WPOlHacLyu3sLi0vJJfLaytb2xu2ds7DRUlkkKdRjySLZ8o4ExAXTPNoRVLIKHPoekPLyd68w6kYpG41aMYvJD0BQsYJdqsuvbeVSRxSZTwPeFcYSawAslAnWPctYtO2ZkCzxM3I0WUoda1Pzu9iCYhCE05UartOrH2UiI1oxzGhU6iICZ0SPrQNlSQEJSXTjOM8WFgHtEDwNP5tzcloVKj0DeekOiBmtUmy/+0dqKDMy9lIk40CGosRgsSjnWEJ1XgHpNANR8ZQqhk5ktMB0QSqk1hBRPfnQ07TxqVsntSPr6pFKsXWRF5tI8O0BFy0SmqomtUQ3VE0SN6Rm/o3XqwnqwX6/XHmrOym130B9bHNyIok6g=</latexit>

T = Ri Q
Li
<latexit sha1_base64="7CB3Dkx2q2TSeOViXVPxTwocRDk=">AAAB+HicbZC7SgNBFIbPxluMt1WxshkMglXYFW+NELWxsIhiLpCEZXZyNhkye2FmVohL3kUrUTufwxfwbZzEFJr4V9+c/x845/cTwZV2nC8rNze/sLiUXy6srK6tb9ibWzUVp5JhlcUilg2fKhQ8wqrmWmAjkUhDX2Dd71+N/PoDSsXj6F4PEmyHtBvxgDOqzcizd+48ft4KJGXZjceH2QXpe+7Qs4tOyRmLzII7gSJMVPHsz1YnZmmIkWaCKtV0nUS3Myo1ZwKHhVaqMKGsT7vYNBjREFU7G68/JPtBLInuIRm/f2czGio1CH2TCanuqWlvNPzPa6Y6OGtnPEpSjREzEeMFqSA6JqMWSIdLZFoMDFAmudmSsB41LWjTVcGc704fOwu1w5J7Ujq+PSqWLydF5GEX9uAAXDiFMlxDBarAIINneIN369F6sl6s159ozpr82YY/sj6+AUuCkss=</latexit>

Thermal resistance
<latexit sha1_base64="8dBkpdz4/TNjVH2M+7SHqkYSWM8=">AAAB9nicbVDLTsMwEHR4lvIK9MjFokLiVCWVeBwruHAsUl9SG1WOu2ms2klkO4go6q/ACQE3PoQf4G9wSg7QMqfZnVnt7vgJZ0o7zpe1tr6xubVd2anu7u0fHNpHxz0Vp5JCl8Y8lgOfKOAsgq5mmsMgkUCEz6Hvz24Lvf8AUrE46ugsAU+QacQCRok2rbFd64QgBeFYgjLbSEShOrbrTsNZAK8StyR1VKI9tj9Hk5imAiJNOVFq6DqJ9nIiNaMc5tVRqiAhdEamMDQ0IgKUly+On+OzIJZYh4AX9W9vToRSmfCNRxAdqmWtaP6nDVMdXHs5i5JUQ0SNxWhByrGOcZEBnjAJVPPMEEIlM1diGhJJqDZJFe+7y8+ukl6z4V42Lu6b9dZNGUQFnaBTdI5cdIVa6A61URdRlKFn9IberUfryXqxXn+sa1Y5U0N/YH18AywYki4=</latexit>

Ri =
Ak1 for each wall
<latexit sha1_base64="i7WSwmnfHiE9+7CsoiI2qrraIEU=">AAAB7nicbVC5TsNAEF2HK4QrQEmzIkKiiuxIHGUEDWWQyCElVjTejONV1ge7a1Bk5TegQkDHx/AD/A3r4AISXvVm3hvNvPESwZW27S+rtLK6tr5R3qxsbe/s7lX3DzoqTiXDNotFLHseKBQ8wrbmWmAvkQihJ7DrTa5zvfuAUvE4utPTBN0QxhH3OQNtWq4fS4rAAvoIQgyrNbtuz0GXiVOQGinQGlY/B6OYpSFGmglQqu/YiXYzkJozgbPKIFWYAJvAGPuGRhCicrP50TN6ku/WAdJ5/dubQajUNPSMJwQdqEUtb/6n9VPtX7oZj5JUY8SMxWh+KqiOaZ6djrhEpsXUEGCSmyspC0AC0+ZDFRPfWQy7TDqNunNeP7tt1JpXxSPK5Igck1PikAvSJDekRdqEkXvyTN7Iu5VYT9aL9fpjLVnFzCH5A+vjGyUJj2E=</latexit>

<latexit sha1_base64="HqvJFKBNKc+GPo1N3Eo0lgL0D4w=">AAAB73icbZDLTgIxFIY7eEO8oS7dNBIT3JAZEi9LohuXGOWSwEg65Qw0dDq17RjJhOfQlVF3vosv4NtYcBYK/quv5/+bnP8EkjNtXPfLyS0tr6yu5dcLG5tb2zvF3b2mjhNFoUFjHqt2QDRwJqBhmOHQlgpIFHBoBaPLqd96AKVZLG7NWIIfkYFgIaPE2NFd+QYAEylB9Nnjca9YcivuTHgRvAxKKFO9V/zs9mOaRCAM5UTrjudK46dEGUY5TArdRIMkdEQG0LEoSATaT2dbT/BRGCtshoBn79/ZlERaj6PAZiJihnremw7/8zqJCc/9lAmZGBDURqwXJhybGE/L4z5TQA0fWyBUMbslpkOiCDX2RAVb35svuwjNasU7rZxcV0u1i+wQeXSADlEZeegM1dAVqqMGokihZ/SG3p1758l5cV5/ojkn+7OP/sj5+AZ6GI+K</latexit>

(See appendix)
I.- Flat Wall
<latexit sha1_base64="euqmWk6d90Y3FszDYecFcA2X11g=">AAAB7nicbZDLSsNAFIZP6q3WW9Wlm8EiuDEkBS/LoiC6q2Av0IYymZ60QycXZyZCCX0NXYm682F8Ad/Gac1CW//VN+f/B85//ERwpR3nyyosLa+srhXXSxubW9s75d29popTybDBYhHLtk8VCh5hQ3MtsJ1IpKEvsOWPrqZ+6xGl4nF0r8cJeiEdRDzgjGoz8m7tE3ItqCYtKkSvXHFsZyayCG4OFchV75U/u/2YpSFGmgmqVMd1Eu1lVGrOBE5K3VRhQtmIDrBjMKIhKi+bLT0hR0EsiR4imb1/ZzMaKjUOfZMJqR6qeW86/M/rpDq48DIeJanGiJmI8YJUEB2TaXfS5xKZFmMDlElutiRsSCVl2lyoZOq782UXoVm13TP79K5aqV3mhyjCARzCMbhwDjW4gTo0gMEDPMMbvFuJ9WS9WK8/0YKV/9mHP7I+vgHrUY6U</latexit>

y
<latexit sha1_base64="RfXXtIzWO2xPWzMGdIZ0P5Sqagc=">AAAB4nicbZDNTsJAFIVv8Q/xD3XpZiIxcUVa49+S6MYlJCIk0JDpcAsTptNmZmrSNLyAroy685F8Ad/GAbtQ8Ky+uedMcs8NEsG1cd0vp7Syura+Ud6sbG3v7O5V9w8edJwqhm0Wi1h1A6pRcIltw43AbqKQRoHATjC5nfmdR1Sax/LeZAn6ER1JHnJGjR21skG15tbducgyeAXUoFBzUP3sD2OWRigNE1Trnucmxs+pMpwJnFb6qcaEsgkdYc+ipBFqP58vOiUnYayIGSOZv39ncxppnUWBzUTUjPWiNxv+5/VSE177OZdJalAyG7FemApiYjLrS4ZcITMis0CZ4nZLwsZUUWbsVSq2vrdYdhkezureZf2idV5r3BSHKMMRHMMpeHAFDbiDJrSBAcIzvMG7M3SenBfn9Sdacoo/h/BHzsc33/eKnA==</latexit>

x
<latexit sha1_base64="wBn+R1yh1qhZo6gY+hZsYqNJokA=">AAAB4nicbZDLTsJAFIZP8YZ4Q126mUhMXJHWeFsS3biERC4JNGQ6nMKEmbaZmRpJwwvoyqg7H8kX8G0csAsF/9U35/8nOf8JEsG1cd0vp7Cyura+UdwsbW3v7O6V9w9aOk4VwyaLRaw6AdUoeIRNw43ATqKQykBgOxjfzvz2AyrN4+jeTBL0JR1GPOSMGjtqPPbLFbfqzkWWwcuhArnq/fJnbxCzVGJkmKBadz03MX5GleFM4LTUSzUmlI3pELsWIypR+9l80Sk5CWNFzAjJ/P07m1Gp9UQGNiOpGelFbzb8z+umJrz2Mx4lqcGI2Yj1wlQQE5NZXzLgCpkREwuUKW63JGxEFWXGXqVk63uLZZehdVb1LqsXjfNK7SY/RBGO4BhOwYMrqMEd1KEJDBCe4Q3enYHz5Lw4rz/RgpP/OYQ/cj6+Ad55ips=</latexit>

Q
T2
<latexit sha1_base64="pqTLF9WVNZtnSyJAJOwfuaSlNcA=">AAAB5HicbZDLTsMwEEUnPEt5FViysaiQWFVJxWtZwYZlEX1JbVQ57qS16jiR7SBVUf8AVgjY8UX8AH+DW7KAlrs6nnstzZ0gEVwb1/1yVlbX1jc2C1vF7Z3dvf3SwWFLx6li2GSxiFUnoBoFl9g03AjsJAppFAhsB+Pbmd9+RKV5LBtmkqAf0aHkIWfU2NFDo1/tl8puxZ2LLIOXQxly1fulz94gZmmE0jBBte56bmL8jCrDmcBpsZdqTCgb0yF2LUoaofaz+apTchrGipgRkvn7dzajkdaTKLCZiJqRXvRmw/+8bmrCaz/jMkkNSmYj1gtTQUxMZo3JgCtkRkwsUKa43ZKwEVWUGXuXoq3vLZZdhla14l1WLu7Py7Wb/BAFOIYTOAMPrqAGd1CHJjAYwjO8wbsTOk/Oi/P6E11x8j9H8EfOxzfL84sc</latexit>

If the heat Q is steady, the temperature gradient


<latexit sha1_base64="JiGNj99IGFqOg7f+FRaMexFgP4Y=">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</latexit>

A along the wall is constant:

dT Q
<latexit sha1_base64="V3CSAmlYm/t3FBjdGqH21vFaPwo=">AAAB/nicbVDJSgNBFOyJW4zbqMdcGoPgxTAjbhch6sVjAtkgGUJPz5ukSc9Cd48YhgH9GT2JevMj/AH/xs5y0MQ61XtVD16VG3MmlWV9G7ml5ZXVtfx6YWNza3vH3N1ryigRFBo04pFou0QCZyE0FFMc2rEAErgcWu7wdqy37kFIFoV1NYrBCUg/ZD6jROlVzyx2fUFo6tWz1HvIro6nYy1Lh9dZzyxZZWsCvEjsGSmhGao986vrRTQJIFSUEyk7thUrJyVCMcohK3QTCTGhQ9KHjqYhCUA66SREhg/9SGA1ADyZf3tTEkg5ClztCYgayHltvPxP6yTKv3RSFsaJgpBqi9b8hGMV4XEX2GMCqOIjTQgVTH+J6YDoApRurKDj2/NhF0nzpGyfl89qp6XKzayIPCqiA3SEbHSBKugOVVEDUfSEXtA7+jAejWfj1XibWnPG7GYf/YHx+QMNV5Yj</latexit>

=
dx kA
T1
<latexit sha1_base64="sxmWpvJd981f5N6IYTUyq/RyMrU=">AAAB5HicbZDLTsMwEEUn5VXKq8CSjUWFxKpKEK9lBRuWRfQltVHluJPWqhNHtoNURf0DWCFgxxfxA/wNbskCWu7qeO61NHeCRHBtXPfLKaysrq1vFDdLW9s7u3vl/YOWlqli2GRSSNUJqEbBY2wabgR2EoU0CgS2g/HtzG8/otJcxg0zSdCP6DDmIWfU2NFDo+/1yxW36s5FlsHLoQK56v3yZ28gWRphbJigWnc9NzF+RpXhTOC01Es1JpSN6RC7FmMaofaz+apTchJKRcwIyfz9O5vRSOtJFNhMRM1IL3qz4X9eNzXhtZ/xOEkNxsxGrBemghhJZo3JgCtkRkwsUKa43ZKwEVWUGXuXkq3vLZZdhtZZ1busXtyfV2o3+SGKcATHcAoeXEEN7qAOTWAwhGd4g3cndJ6cF+f1J1pw8j+H8EfOxzfKdYsb</latexit>

x=L
<latexit sha1_base64="PPVJvUw5GYAFhvmot5bhvGKYk98=">AAAB5HicbZC7TsMwFIZPyq2UW4CRxaJCYqoSxG1BqmBhYCiCXqQ2qhz3pLXqXGQ7iCrqG8CEgI0n4gV4G9ySAVr+6fP5f0vnP34iuNKO82UVFhaXlleKq6W19Y3NLXt7p6HiVDKss1jEsuVThYJHWNdcC2wlEmnoC2z6w6uJ33xAqXgc3etRgl5I+xEPOKPajO4eL266dtmpOFOReXBzKEOuWtf+7PRiloYYaSaoUm3XSbSXUak5EzgudVKFCWVD2se2wYiGqLxsuuqYHASxJHqAZPr+nc1oqNQo9E0mpHqgZr3J8D+vnerg3Mt4lKQaI2YixgtSQXRMJo1Jj0tkWowMUCa52ZKwAZWUaXOXkqnvzpadh8ZRxT2tnNwel6uX+SGKsAf7cAgunEEVrqEGdWDQh2d4g3crsJ6sF+v1J1qw8j+78EfWxzf14Ys4</latexit>

x=0
<latexit sha1_base64="2kj7TvO3Rghf6jqI+Rd2WDJ7ZO8=">AAAB5HicbZDLTsMwEEUn5VXKq8CSjUWFxKpKEK8NUgUblkXQh9RGleNOWquOE9kOoor6B7BCwI4v4gf4G9ySBRTu6njutTR3gkRwbVz30yksLC4trxRXS2vrG5tb5e2dpo5TxbDBYhGrdkA1Ci6xYbgR2E4U0igQ2ApGV1O/dY9K81jemXGCfkQHkoecUWNHtw8Xbq9ccavuTOQveDlUIFe9V/7o9mOWRigNE1Trjucmxs+oMpwJnJS6qcaEshEdYMeipBFqP5utOiEHYayIGSKZvX9mMxppPY4Cm4moGep5bzr8z+ukJjz3My6T1KBkNmK9MBXExGTamPS5QmbE2AJlitstCRtSRZmxdynZ+t582b/QPKp6p9WTm+NK7TI/RBH2YB8OwYMzqME11KEBDAbwBK/w5oTOo/PsvHxHC07+Zxd+yXn/AswZixw=</latexit>

dT
<latexit sha1_base64="zi7ZqDIu6c8Gdv9PDue88/ARuHg=">AAAB9HicbZDJTsMwFEWdMpUypbBkY1EhsaoSxLRBquiGZZE6SW0UOc5La9UZZDuFKsqfwAoBO76EH+BvcEsWULir43evpfeul3AmlWV9GqWV1bX1jfJmZWt7Z3fPrO53ZZwKCh0a81j0PSKBswg6iikO/UQACT0OPW/SnPu9KQjJ4qitZgk4IRlFLGCUKD1yzeowEIRmfjvP/If8uunarlmz6tZC+C/YBdRQoZZrfgz9mKYhRIpyIuXAthLlZEQoRjnklWEqISF0QkYw0BiREKSTLVbP8XEQC6zGgBfvn9mMhFLOQk9nQqLGctmbD//zBqkKrpyMRUmqIKI6or0g5VjFeN4A9pkAqvhMA6GC6S0xHRPdgtI9VfT59vKxf6F7Wrcv6ud3Z7XGTVFEGR2iI3SCbHSJGugWtVAHUXSPntArejOmxqPxbLx8R0tG8ecA/ZLx/gXuP5GA</latexit>

= C1
dx

Z
<latexit sha1_base64="nZG6+HENeP2SYpvO9gUJie+ifx4=">AAAB93icbVDJTsMwFHTKVsoWlhsXiwqJU5UgtgtSRS8ci9RNaqPIcZzWqrPIfkGUqN8CJwTc+A9+gL/BDTlAy5zmvZknzRsvEVyBZX0ZpaXlldW18nplY3Nre8fc3euoOJWUtWksYtnziGKCR6wNHATrJZKR0BOs640bM717z6TicdSCScKckAwjHnBKQK9c82DAI8CZ35peN1w7H/wH16xaNSsHXiR2QaqoQNM1Pwd+TNOQRUAFUapvWwk4GZHAqWDTyiBVLCF0TIasr2lEQqacLE8/xcdBLDGMGM7n396MhEpNQk97QgIjNa/Nlv9p/RSCKyfjUZICi6i2aC1IBYYYz0rAPpeMgphoQqjkOiWmIyIJBV1VRb9vzz+7SDqnNfuidn53Vq3fFEWU0SE6QifIRpeojm5RE7URRY/oGb2hd2NiPBkvxuuPtWQUN/voD4yPb1cHkjw=</latexit>

Z
Fourier’s Law
<latexit sha1_base64="MWX4ubE3FSABe3bfqUyFiYynkAs=">AAAB7nicbVDLTgJBEOzFF+IL9ehlIjF6IrskqEeiifHgARN5JLAhs0MvTJh9ODOrIRt+Q09Gvfkx/oB/44B7ULBO1V3Vna72YsGVtu0vK7e0vLK6ll8vbGxube8Ud/eaKkokwwaLRCTbHlUoeIgNzbXAdiyRBp7Alje6nOqtB5SKR+GdHsfoBnQQcp8zqk3LvTJ7OMpjRW7oY69Yssv2DGSROBkpQYZ6r/jZ7UcsCTDUTFClOo4dazelUnMmcFLoJgpjykZ0gB1DQxqgctPZ0RNy5EeS6CGSWf3bm9JAqXHgGU9A9VDNa9Pmf1on0f65m/IwTjSGzFiM5ieC6IhMs5M+l8i0GBtCmeTmSsKGVFKmzYcKJr4zH3aRNCtl57Rcva2UahfZI/JwAIdwAg6cQQ2uoQ4NYHAPz/AG71ZsPVkv1uuPNWdlM/vwB9bHNxEIj1M=</latexit>

dT = C1 dx
dT
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Q= kA <latexit sha1_base64="+iGEihIZo/heSlC9yCbKr6UtqpU=">AAAB73icbZDLTgIxFIbPeEW8oS7dNBITjAmZId42JkQ2LjHhlsBIOuUMNHQuth0DITyHroy68118Ad/GgiwU/Fdfz/83Of/xYsGVtu0va2l5ZXVtPbWR3tza3tnN7O3XVJRIhlUWiUg2PKpQ8BCrmmuBjVgiDTyBda9fmvj1R5SKR2FFD2N0A9oNuc8Z1WZ0X8kNTq5LbYcMTkvtQjuTtfP2VGQRnBlkYaZyO/PZ6kQsCTDUTFClmo4da3dEpeZM4DjdShTGlPVpF5sGQxqgckfTrcfk2I8k0T0k0/fv7IgGSg0Dz2QCqntq3psM//Oaifav3BEP40RjyEzEeH4iiI7IpDzpcIlMi6EByiQ3WxLWo5IybU6UNvWd+bKLUCvknYv8+d1ZtngzO0QKDuEIcuDAJRThFspQBQYSnuEN3q0H68l6sV5/okvW7M8B/JH18Q3C9I5p</latexit>

dx T (x) = C1 x + C2
Boundary conditions must be applied to determine the constants
<latexit sha1_base64="uAGaYzTTRc5K5s5PLaUIF5wgPas=">AAACInicbVDLThtBEJwlEMAhiQlHLiMspJysXaRAbljOJUeQ8EOyLat3to1HzGM104tkWf4b+BnIJUo4IPExzJo98OpTTVWNuqvSXElPcXwfrXxYXfu4vrFZ+7T1+cvX+va3rreFE9gRVlnXT8GjkgY7JElhP3cIOlXYSy9+lXrvEp2X1pzRLMeRhnMjJ1IABWpcP27bwmTgZlxYk8mS9FwXnniKHPJwAmacLM+Q0OmwhNMUS68nMORr43ojbsbL4W9BUoEGq+ZkXP8zzKwoNBoSCrwfJHFOozk4kkLhojYsPOYgLuAcBwEa0OhH82XQBd+fWFcdEN7PvXPQ3s90GjwaaOpfayX5njYoaPJzNJcmLwiNCJagTQpVZi774pl0KEjNAgDhQkGCiyk4EKGPZfzkddi3oHvQTA6bP04PGq12VcQG22V77DtL2BFrsd/shHWYYNfslv1nd9FVdBP9jf49WVei6s8OezHRwyPuHaRz</latexit>

I.- Flat Wall


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<latexit sha1_base64="+iGEihIZo/heSlC9yCbKr6UtqpU=">AAAB73icbZDLTgIxFIbPeEW8oS7dNBITjAmZId42JkQ2LjHhlsBIOuUMNHQuth0DITyHroy68118Ad/GgiwU/Fdfz/83Of/xYsGVtu0va2l5ZXVtPbWR3tza3tnN7O3XVJRIhlUWiUg2PKpQ8BCrmmuBjVgiDTyBda9fmvj1R5SKR2FFD2N0A9oNuc8Z1WZ0X8kNTq5LbYcMTkvtQjuTtfP2VGQRnBlkYaZyO/PZ6kQsCTDUTFClmo4da3dEpeZM4DjdShTGlPVpF5sGQxqgckfTrcfk2I8k0T0k0/fv7IgGSg0Dz2QCqntq3psM//Oaifav3BEP40RjyEzEeH4iiI7IpDzpcIlMi6EByiQ3WxLWo5IybU6UNvWd+bKLUCvknYv8+d1ZtngzO0QKDuEIcuDAJRThFspQBQYSnuEN3q0H68l6sV5/okvW7M8B/JH18Q3C9I5p</latexit>

T (x) = C1 x + C2

First condition
<latexit sha1_base64="g1lBVKfhbtTo1mWpNw38gvoZY+I=">AAAB8nicbVDLSgNBEJz1GeMjUY9eBoPgKewGfByDgniMYB6QLGF20psMmZ1dZnqFsORH9CTqzU/xB/wbJ8keNLFO1VXV0NVBIoVB1/121tY3Nre2CzvF3b39g1L58Khl4lRzaPJYxroTMANSKGiiQAmdRAOLAgntYHw789tPoI2I1SNOEvAjNlQiFJyhlfrl0p3QBimP1UAslIpbdeegq8TLSYXkaPTLX71BzNMIFHLJjOl6boJ+xjQKLmFa7KUGEsbHbAhdSxWLwPjZ/PApPQtjTXEEdD7/zmYsMmYSBTYTMRyZZW8m/ud1Uwyv/UyoJEVQ3EasF6aSYkxn/elAaOAoJ5Ywrm1nTvmIacbRfqlo63vLZVdJq1b1LqsXD7VK/SZ/RIGckFNyTjxyRerknjRIk3CSkhfyTj4cdJ6dV+dtEV1z8p1j8gfO5w+p6ZDN</latexit>

<latexit sha1_base64="aWvfpfyZifEejEDq6Ac8+KsAzjY=">AAAB6XicbZDLTgIxFIbP4A3xhrp000hMcENmDF42JkQ3LjHhlsCEdMoZaOhc0naMZMJD6MqoO1/HF/BtLDgLBf/V1/P/Tc5/vFhwpW37y8qtrK6tb+Q3C1vbO7t7xf2DlooSybDJIhHJjkcVCh5iU3MtsBNLpIEnsO2Nb2d++wGl4lHY0JMY3YAOQ+5zRrUZdRrlx9PrRt/pF0t2xZ6LLIOTQQky1fvFz94gYkmAoWaCKtV17Fi7KZWaM4HTQi9RGFM2pkPsGgxpgMpN5/tOyYkfSaJHSObv39mUBkpNAs9kAqpHatGbDf/zuon2r9yUh3GiMWQmYjw/EURHZFabDLhEpsXEAGWSmy0JG1FJmTbHKZj6zmLZZWidVZyLyvl9tVS7yQ6RhyM4hjI4cAk1uIM6NIGBgGd4g3drbD1ZL9brTzRnZX8O4Y+sj2+OW4yn</latexit>

At x = 0
<latexit sha1_base64="b225s7jngJIuKWWaIsLSmJVKzX8=">AAAB6XicbZDLTgJBEEVrfCK+UJduOoKJKzJD4mNjgrpxiYk8EiCkpymgQ88j3TVGMuEjdGXUnb/jD/g3NshCwbs6Xfd2Urf8WElDrvvlLC2vrK6tZzaym1vbO7u5vf2aiRItsCoiFemGzw0qGWKVJClsxBp54Cus+8ObiV9/QG1kFN7TKMZ2wPuh7EnByY4aV8QKj5duoZPLu0V3KrYI3gzyMFOlk/tsdSORBBiSUNyYpufG1E65JikUjrOtxGDMxZD3sWkx5AGadjrdd8yOe5FmNEA2ff/OpjwwZhT4NhNwGph5bzL8z2sm1LtopzKME8JQ2Ij1eoliFLFJbdaVGgWpkQUutLRbMjHgmguyx8na+t582UWolYreWfH0rpQvX88OkYFDOIIT8OAcynALFaiCAAXP8AbvztB5cl6c15/okjP7cwB/5Hx8AzP+jGk=</latexit>

T (x) = T1
x=L
<latexit sha1_base64="enpWQgVyWOaKPJ2tLWqYDPiNuqE=">AAAB6XicbZDLTgIxFIbP4A3xhrp000hMcENmiLeNCdGNS0y4JTAhnXIGGjqXtB0jmfAQujLqztfxBXwbC85CwX/19fx/k/MfLxZcadv+snIrq2vrG/nNwtb2zu5ecf+gpaJEMmyySESy41GFgofY1FwL7MQSaeAJbHvj25nffkCpeBQ29CRGN6DDkPucUW1GnUb58fS60a/2iyW7Ys9FlsHJoASZ6v3iZ28QsSTAUDNBleo6dqzdlErNmcBpoZcojCkb0yF2DYY0QOWm832n5MSPJNEjJPP372xKA6UmgWcyAdUjtejNhv953UT7V27KwzjRGDITMZ6fCKIjMqtNBlwi02JigDLJzZaEjaikTJvjFEx9Z7HsMrSqFeeicn5/VqrdZIfIwxEcQxkcuIQa3EEdmsBAwDO8wbs1tp6sF+v1J5qzsj+H8EfWxzeP2Yyo</latexit>

T (x) = T2
<latexit sha1_base64="PPVJvUw5GYAFhvmot5bhvGKYk98=">AAAB5HicbZC7TsMwFIZPyq2UW4CRxaJCYqoSxG1BqmBhYCiCXqQ2qhz3pLXqXGQ7iCrqG8CEgI0n4gV4G9ySAVr+6fP5f0vnP34iuNKO82UVFhaXlleKq6W19Y3NLXt7p6HiVDKss1jEsuVThYJHWNdcC2wlEmnoC2z6w6uJ33xAqXgc3etRgl5I+xEPOKPajO4eL266dtmpOFOReXBzKEOuWtf+7PRiloYYaSaoUm3XSbSXUak5EzgudVKFCWVD2se2wYiGqLxsuuqYHASxJHqAZPr+nc1oqNQo9E0mpHqgZr3J8D+vnerg3Mt4lKQaI2YixgtSQXRMJo1Jj0tkWowMUCa52ZKwAZWUaXOXkqnvzpadh8ZRxT2tnNwel6uX+SGKsAf7cAgunEEVrqEGdWDQh2d4g3crsJ6sF+v1J1qw8j+78EfWxzf14Ys4</latexit>

Second condition
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First condition
<latexit sha1_base64="g1lBVKfhbtTo1mWpNw38gvoZY+I=">AAAB8nicbVDLSgNBEJz1GeMjUY9eBoPgKewGfByDgniMYB6QLGF20psMmZ1dZnqFsORH9CTqzU/xB/wbJ8keNLFO1VXV0NVBIoVB1/121tY3Nre2CzvF3b39g1L58Khl4lRzaPJYxroTMANSKGiiQAmdRAOLAgntYHw789tPoI2I1SNOEvAjNlQiFJyhlfrl0p3QBimP1UAslIpbdeegq8TLSYXkaPTLX71BzNMIFHLJjOl6boJ+xjQKLmFa7KUGEsbHbAhdSxWLwPjZ/PApPQtjTXEEdD7/zmYsMmYSBTYTMRyZZW8m/ud1Uwyv/UyoJEVQ3EasF6aSYkxn/elAaOAoJ5Ywrm1nTvmIacbRfqlo63vLZVdJq1b1LqsXD7VK/SZ/RIGckFNyTjxyRerknjRIk3CSkhfyTj4cdJ6dV+dtEV1z8p1j8gfO5w+p6ZDN</latexit>

<latexit sha1_base64="Me44Dz1afJRULXUtKnEjYRv5sjM=">AAACBnicbVDLTgJBEJzFF+IL9ehlIjGBmJBd4+tCQuTiERNAEyCb2bEXJsw+MtNrJCt3/Rk9GfXmB/gD/o0DclC0TtVd1UlXebEUGm3708rMzS8sLmWXcyura+sb+c2tlo4SxaHJIxmpK49pkCKEJgqUcBUrYIEn4dIb1Mb65Q0oLaKwgcMYugHrhcIXnKFZuflCR4KPZdoo3pY6SvT6eOemtxV7VKm5TtEu7dfcA+Oyy/YE9C9xpqRApqi7+Y/OdcSTAELkkmndduwYuylTKLiEUa6TaIgZH7AetA0NWQC6m07CjOieHymKfaCT+ac3ZYHWw8AznoBhX89q4+V/WjtB/7SbijBOEEJuLEbzE0kxouNO6LVQwFEODWFcCfMl5X2mGEfTXM7Ed2bD/iWtg7JzXD66OCxUz6ZFZMkO2SVF4pATUiXnpE6ahJMH8kReyZt1bz1az9bLtzVjTW+2yS9Y718Tv5bc</latexit>

T (x)|x=0 = C1 (0) + C2

T1 = C 2
<latexit sha1_base64="+I/Xhp/H6W4Pr7L/y1sXcBYKQgo=">AAAB6HicbZDLSsNAFIZP6q3WW9Wlm8EiuCpJ8bYRit24rNAbtCFMpift2MmFmYlQQt9BV6LufB5fwLdxWrPQ6r/65vz/wPmPnwiutG1/WoWV1bX1jeJmaWt7Z3evvH/QUXEqGbZZLGLZ86lCwSNsa64F9hKJNPQFdv1JY+53H1AqHkctPU3QDeko4gFnVJtRt+U51w2v5pUrdtVeiPwFJ4cK5Gp65Y/BMGZpiJFmgirVd+xEuxmVmjOBs9IgVZhQNqEj7BuMaIjKzRbrzshJEEuix0gW75/ZjIZKTUPfZEKqx2rZmw//8/qpDq7cjEdJqjFiJmK8IBVEx2Temgy5RKbF1ABlkpstCRtTSZk2tymZ+s5y2b/QqVWdi+r53VmlfpMfoghHcAyn4MAl1OEWmtAGBhN4gld4s+6tR+vZevmOFqz8zyH8kvX+BfqxjFQ=</latexit>

<latexit sha1_base64="tlfKhm+dQK8qxDcfdVuPVdTaPdA=">AAACDHicbVDJSgNBFOyJe9yiHr00BiFBDDPB7SIEvXjwECFRIROGns6bpEnPQvcbMQz5Bf0ZPYl68+QP+Dd2Yg5udaquqoZX5SdSaLTtDys3NT0zOze/kF9cWl5ZLaytX+o4VRyaPJaxuvaZBikiaKJACdeJAhb6Eq78/unIv7oBpUUcNXCQQDtk3UgEgjM0klcoN0q35eOG5+y4EgIsuYFiPGt41V2jDbPzIXWV6PawfOsVinbFHoP+Jc6EFMkEda/w7nZinoYQIZdM65ZjJ9jOmELBJQzzbqohYbzPutAyNGIh6HY2rjSk20GsKPaAjt/fsxkLtR6EvsmEDHv6tzcS//NaKQZH7UxESYoQcRMxXpBKijEdLUM7QgFHOTCEcSXMlZT3mJkDzX55U9/5XfYvuaxWnIPK/sVesXYyGWKebJItUiIOOSQ1ckbqpEk4uSeP5IW8WnfWg/VkPX9Fc9bkzwb5AevtE1qnmeE=</latexit>

✓ ◆
T2 T1
Second condition T (x) = T1 + x
<latexit sha1_base64="qQGMr2QxnJEtvJCrULDiXyN95n8=">AAAB83icbVA7T8MwGHR4lvIKMLJYVEhMVVKJx1jBwlgEfUhtVDnul9aqY0e2U6mK+ktgQsDGP+EP8G9w2gzQcoN1vjtLvgsTzrTxvG9nbX1jc2u7tFPe3ds/OHSPjltapopCk0ouVSckGjgT0DTMcOgkCkgccmiH47vcb09AaSbFk5kmEMRkKFjEKDFW6rvuI1ApBjg/2EKqeFVvDrxK/IJUUIFG3/3qDSRNYxCGcqJ11/cSE2REGUY5zMq9VENC6JgMoWupIDHoIJv/fIbPI6mwGQGe339nMxJrPY1Dm4mJGellLxf/87qpiW6CjIkkNSCojVgvSjk2EucD4AFTQA2fWkKosp0ppiOiCDV2prKt7y+XXSWtWtW/ql4+1Cr122KIEjpFZ+gC+ega1dE9aqAmomiCXtA7+nBS59l5dd4W0TWneHOC/sD5/AFRr5Er</latexit>

L
<latexit sha1_base64="elDXfEARxtXzY796j+AFOI+NMvA=">AAACBnicbVDLTgJBEJzFF+IL9ehlIjGBmJBd4+tCQuTigYMmIiRANrNjL0yYfWSm10hW7vozejLqzQ/wB/wbB+Tgq07VXdVJV3mxFBpt+8PKzMzOzS9kF3NLyyura/n1jUsdJYpDg0cyUi2PaZAihAYKlNCKFbDAk9D0BrWx3rwGpUUUXuAwhm7AeqHwBWdoVm6+0JHgY5leFG9KHSV6fbx105tKfVSpuU6xXtqtuXvGZZftCehf4kxJgUxx5ubfO1cRTwIIkUumdduxY+ymTKHgEka5TqIhZnzAetA2NGQB6G46CTOiO36kKPaBTubv3pQFWg8Dz3gChn39Wxsv/9PaCfrH3VSEcYIQcmMxmp9IihEdd0KvhAKOcmgI40qYLynvM8U4muZyJr7zO+xfcrlXdg7LB+f7herJtIgs2SLbpEgcckSq5JSckQbh5J48khfyat1ZD9aT9fxlzVjTm03yA9bbJ2krlxQ=</latexit>

T (x)|x=L = C1 (L) + C2
Temperature decreases with distance
<latexit sha1_base64="HxIH9mBAfyT+Br3zSAVXNscxiqs=">AAACBnicbVC5TgMxFPSGK4QrQEljESFRRbuROMoIGsog5ZKSVeR13mateA/Zb0HRKj38DFQI6PgAfoC/wQlbQMJU4zfz9DzjJVJotO0vq7Cyura+UdwsbW3v7O6V9w/aOk4VhxaPZay6HtMgRQQtFCihmyhgoSeh442vZ3rnDpQWcdTESQJuyEaR8AVnaEaDcqUJYQKKYaqADoGbXQ2a3gsM6NCcZxEH47Kr9hx0mTg5qZAcjUH5sz+MeRpChFwyrXuOnaCbMYWCS5iW+qmGhPExG0HP0IiFoN1sHmZKT/xYUQyAzt+/vRkLtZ6EnvGEDAO9qM2G/2m9FP1LNxNRkiJE3FiM5qeSYkxnnZigCjjKiSGMK2F+SXnAFONomiuZ+M5i2GXSrlWd8+rZba1Sv8qLKJIjckxOiUMuSJ3ckAZpEU4eyTN5I+/Wg/VkvVivP9aCle8ckj+wPr4B0yqZSg==</latexit>

<latexit sha1_base64="Jxs1Tb/45JsXrdpb1oFEYdA621Q=">AAAB73icbZDLSsNAFIZP6q3WW9Wlm2ARKkJJireNUOzGhYsKvUEbw2R60g6dXJyZCCX0OXQl6s538QV8G6e1C239V9+c/x84//FizqSyrC8js7S8srqWXc9tbG5t7+R395oySgTFBo14JNoekchZiA3FFMd2LJAEHseWN6xO/NYjCsmisK5GMToB6YfMZ5QoPbqvu+WrqmsXb49P6q7t5gtWyZrKXAR7BgWYqebmP7u9iCYBhopyImXHtmLlpEQoRjmOc91EYkzokPSxozEkAUonnW49No/8SJhqgOb0/TubkkDKUeDpTEDUQM57k+F/XidR/qWTsjBOFIZUR7TnJ9xUkTkpb/aYQKr4SAOhguktTTogglClT5TT9e35sovQLJfs89LZ3Wmhcj07RBYO4BCKYMMFVOAGatAACgKe4Q3ejQfjyXgxXn+iGWP2Zx/+yPj4Bo50jkY=</latexit>

T2 = C1 (L) + T1
T2 T1
<latexit sha1_base64="5kcVSpjMVBFxg7yn5PAn7yqBJU8=">AAAB+HicbZDLSsNAFIYn9VbrLSqu3AwWwY0lKd42QrEbFy4q9AZtCJPpSTt0cmFmItSQd9GVqDufwxfwbZzWLLT1X31z/n/gnN+LOZPKsr6MwtLyyupacb20sbm1vWPu7rVllAgKLRrxSHQ9IoGzEFqKKQ7dWAAJPA4db1yf+p0HEJJFYVNNYnACMgyZzyhReuSaB3XXvu77gtC06VZPm66dpXeZa5atijUTXgQ7hzLK1XDNz/4gokkAoaKcSNmzrVg5KRGKUQ5ZqZ9IiAkdkyH0NIYkAOmks/UzfOxHAqsR4Nn7dzYlgZSTwNOZgKiRnPemw/+8XqL8KydlYZwoCKmOaM9POFYRnraAB0wAVXyigVDB9JaYjohuQemuSvp8e/7YRWhXK/ZF5fz+rFy7yYsookN0hE6QjS5RDd2iBmohilL0jN7Qu/FoPBkvxutPtGDkf/bRHxkf35SiklY=</latexit>

C1 =
L
II.- Hollow cylinder
<latexit sha1_base64="e4KvGBa4j/TB1Y97VGDhP0Of76Q=">AAAB+HicbVDLTsMwEHR4lvIKIE5cLCokLlRJJR7HCi7trUj0IbVR5bib1qoTR7YDKlH/BU4IuPEd/AB/g1NygJY5ze7MrnbHjzlT2nG+rKXlldW19cJGcXNre2fX3ttvKZFICk0quJAdnyjgLIKmZppDJ5ZAQp9D2x/fZHr7HqRiIrrTkxi8kAwjFjBKtGn17cN6vXyGa4Jz8YDpxKwZgCz27ZJTdmbAi8TNSQnlaPTtz95A0CSESFNOlOq6Tqy9lEjNKIdpsZcoiAkdkyF0DY1ICMpLZ+dP8UkgJNYjwLP6tzcloVKT0DeekOiRmtey5n9aN9HBlZeyKE40RNRYjBYkHGuBsxTwgEmgmk8MIVQycyWmIyIJ1Sar7H13/tlF0qqU3Yvy+W2lVL3OgyigI3SMTpGLLlEV1VADNRFFKXpGb+jderSerBfr9ce6ZOUzB+gPrI9vQu2SIA==</latexit>
dT
<latexit sha1_base64="Lioo8zO4iEZFV9QzAsrJHfZh07Y=">AAAB9XicbZDJTsMwFEWdMpUyhbJkY1EhsaFKENMGqcCGZSt1ktqocpyX1qozyHaAKsqnwAoBO36EH+BvcEsW0HJXx+9eS+9dN+ZMKsv6MgpLyyura8X10sbm1vaOuVtuyygRFFo04pHoukQCZyG0FFMcurEAErgcOu74dup37kFIFoVNNYnBCcgwZD6jROnRwCw3ro7H131fEJp6zSz1RDYwK1bVmgkvgp1DBeWqD8zPvhfRJIBQUU6k7NlWrJyUCMUoh6zUTyTEhI7JEHoaQxKAdNLZ7hk+9COB1Qjw7P07m5JAykng6kxA1EjOe9Phf14vUf6lk7IwThSEVEe05yccqwhPK8AeE0AVn2ggVDC9JaYjohtQuqiSPt+eP3YR2idV+7x61jit1G7yIopoHx2gI2SjC1RDd6iOWoiiR/SM3tC78WA8GS/G60+0YOR/9tAfGR/fibKR2w==</latexit>

Q= kA Fourier’s Law
<latexit sha1_base64="MWX4ubE3FSABe3bfqUyFiYynkAs=">AAAB7nicbVDLTgJBEOzFF+IL9ehlIjF6IrskqEeiifHgARN5JLAhs0MvTJh9ODOrIRt+Q09Gvfkx/oB/44B7ULBO1V3Vna72YsGVtu0vK7e0vLK6ll8vbGxube8Ud/eaKkokwwaLRCTbHlUoeIgNzbXAdiyRBp7Alje6nOqtB5SKR+GdHsfoBnQQcp8zqk3LvTJ7OMpjRW7oY69Yssv2DGSROBkpQYZ6r/jZ7UcsCTDUTFClOo4dazelUnMmcFLoJgpjykZ0gB1DQxqgctPZ0RNy5EeS6CGSWf3bm9JAqXHgGU9A9VDNa9Pmf1on0f65m/IwTjSGzFiM5ieC6IhMs5M+l8i0GBtCmeTmSsKGVFKmzYcKJr4zH3aRNCtl57Rcva2UahfZI/JwAIdwAg6cQQ2uoQ4NYHAPz/AG71ZsPVkv1uuPNWdlM/vwB9bHNxEIj1M=</latexit>

II.- Hollow cylinder


<latexit sha1_base64="e4KvGBa4j/TB1Y97VGDhP0Of76Q=">AAAB+HicbVDLTsMwEHR4lvIKIE5cLCokLlRJJR7HCi7trUj0IbVR5bib1qoTR7YDKlH/BU4IuPEd/AB/g1NygJY5ze7MrnbHjzlT2nG+rKXlldW19cJGcXNre2fX3ttvKZFICk0quJAdnyjgLIKmZppDJ5ZAQp9D2x/fZHr7HqRiIrrTkxi8kAwjFjBKtGn17cN6vXyGa4Jz8YDpxKwZgCz27ZJTdmbAi8TNSQnlaPTtz95A0CSESFNOlOq6Tqy9lEjNKIdpsZcoiAkdkyF0DY1ICMpLZ+dP8UkgJNYjwLP6tzcloVKT0DeekOiRmtey5n9aN9HBlZeyKE40RNRYjBYkHGuBsxTwgEmgmk8MIVQycyWmIyIJ1Sar7H13/tlF0qqU3Yvy+W2lVL3OgyigI3SMTpGLLlEV1VADNRFFKXpGb+jderSerBfr9ce6ZOUzB+gPrI9vQu2SIA==</latexit>

dr

A = 2⇡rL
<latexit sha1_base64="q2GVkjBCTn/li2aUCgXH6xvt8vA=">AAAB63icbZDLTgIxFIbPeEW8oS7dNBITV2SGeNuYoG5cuMBELhEmpFMO0NDpTNqOCZnwFLoy6s638QV8GwvOQsF/9fX8f5PznyAWXBvX/XIWFpeWV1Zza/n1jc2t7cLObl1HiWJYY5GIVDOgGgWXWDPcCGzGCmkYCGwEw+uJ33hEpXkk780oRj+kfcl7nFFjRw+XF+V2zIkit51C0S25U5F58DIoQqZqp/DZ7kYsCVEaJqjWLc+NjZ9SZTgTOM63E40xZUPax5ZFSUPUfjrdeEwOe5EiZoBk+v6dTWmo9SgMbCakZqBnvcnwP6+VmN65n3IZJwYlsxHr9RJBTEQmxUmXK2RGjCxQprjdkrABVZQZe568re/Nlp2HernknZZO7o6LlavsEDnYhwM4Ag/OoAI3UIUaMJDwDG/w7oTOk/PivP5EF5zszx78kfPxDdNzjWA=</latexit>

For a cylindrical cap


<latexit sha1_base64="LW1XPnWHcqzyrAfgsE7lG/fKvhY=">AAAB+XicbVDLSsNAFL3xWesrKrhxM1gEVyUp+FgWBXFZwT6gDWUyvWmHTh7MTIQS+zG6EnXnb/gD/o2TmoW2ntWZc85czr1+IrjSjvNlLS2vrK6tlzbKm1vbO7v23n5Lxalk2GSxiGXHpwoFj7CpuRbYSSTS0BfY9sfXud9+QKl4HN3rSYJeSIcRDzij2kh9+/AmloQSNjEDBtLIgjCalPt2xak6M5BF4hakAgUaffuzN4hZGmKkmaBKdV0n0V5GpeZM4LTcSxUmlI3pELuGRjRE5WWz/lNyEpgSeoRk9v6dzWio1CT0TSakeqTmvVz8z+umOrj0Mh4lqcaImYjxglQQHZP8DGTAJTItJoZQJrlpSdiISsq0OVa+vju/7CJp1aruefXsrlapXxWHKMERHMMpuHABdbiFBjSBwSM8wxu8W5n1ZL1Yrz/RJav4cwB/YH18A3wyktg=</latexit>

r2
<latexit sha1_base64="tAopxsc0afp2A4YgTkMfzgEUVeg=">AAAB5HicbZDLTsJAFIZP8YZ4Q126mUhMXJGWeFsS3bjEKJcEGjIdTmHCtNPMTE1Iwxvoyqg7n8gX8G0csAsF/9U35/8nOf8JEsG1cd0vp7Cyura+UdwsbW3v7O6V9w9aWqaKYZNJIVUnoBoFj7FpuBHYSRTSKBDYDsY3M7/9iEpzGT+YSYJ+RIcxDzmjxo7uVb/WL1fcqjsXWQYvhwrkavTLn72BZGmEsWGCat313MT4GVWGM4HTUi/VmFA2pkPsWoxphNrP5qtOyUkoFTEjJPP372xGI60nUWAzETUjvejNhv953dSEV37G4yQ1GDMbsV6YCmIkmTUmA66QGTGxQJnidkvCRlRRZuxdSra+t1h2GVq1qndRPb87q9Sv80MU4QiO4RQ8uIQ63EIDmsBgCM/wBu9O6Dw5L87rT7Tg5H8O4Y+cj2/484s6</latexit>

dT
<latexit sha1_base64="3IkBB93Qa0Lf8KsiCFZfAy7qsU4=">AAAB/nicbVDLSsNAFJ34rPUVddnNYBHqwpIUXxuh6MaFixb6gqaUyfSmHTp5MDMRSgjoz+hK1J0f4Q/4N05rFtp6Vufecy7cc9yIM6ks68tYWl5ZXVvPbeQ3t7Z3ds29/ZYMY0GhSUMeio5LJHAWQFMxxaETCSC+y6Htjm+mevsehGRh0FCTCHo+GQbMY5QoveqbhfrVybhUcSKGBb47djxBaDJopMlApH2zaJWtGfAisTNSRBlqffPTGYQ09iFQlBMpu7YVqV5ChGKUQ5p3YgkRoWMyhK6mAfFB9pJZiBQfeaHAagR4Nv/2JsSXcuK72uMTNZLz2nT5n9aNlXfZS1gQxQoCqi1a82KOVYinXeABE0AVn2hCqGD6S0xHRDegdGN5Hd+eD7tIWpWyfV4+q58Wq9dZETlUQIeohGx0garoFtVQE1H0iJ7RG3o3Hown48V4/bEuGdnNAfoD4+MbucSUqg==</latexit>

r1
<latexit sha1_base64="rAZC2eRX92o1Yo/Q0CzFD1rkxeE=">AAAB5HicbZDLTgJBEEVr8IX4Ql266UhMXJEZ42tJdOMSozwSmJCepgY69DzSXWNCCH+gK6Pu/CJ/wL+xwVkoelen695O6laQKmnIdT+dwtLyyupacb20sbm1vVPe3WuaJNMCGyJRiW4H3KCSMTZIksJ2qpFHgcJWMLqe+a0H1EYm8T2NU/QjPohlKAUnO7rTPa9XrrhVdy72F7wcKpCr3it/dPuJyCKMSShuTMdzU/InXJMUCqelbmYw5WLEB9ixGPMIjT+ZrzplR2GiGQ2Rzd8/sxMeGTOOApuJOA3Nojcb/ud1Mgov/YmM04wwFjZivTBTjBI2a8z6UqMgNbbAhZZ2SyaGXHNB9i4lW99bLPsXmidV77x6dntaqV3lhyjCARzCMXhwATW4gTo0QMAAnuAV3pzQeXSenZfvaMHJ/+zDLznvX/d1izk=</latexit>

Q= k(2⇡rL)
dr
dr
<latexit sha1_base64="I33TYrMTMWmqWTcDLoX3m2xxyUU=">AAAB/3icbVC7SgNBFL0bXzG+Vi21GAxCLAy7wVcjBG0sLBLIC5IQZmdnkyGzD2ZmhbBsoT+jlaid/+AP+DdO4hYaPdW595wL9xwn4kwqy/o0cguLS8sr+dXC2vrG5pa5vdOSYSwIbZKQh6LjYEk5C2hTMcVpJxIU+w6nbWd8PdXbd1RIFgYNNYlo38fDgHmMYKVXA3O/3vMEJokr0kSkl8elSi9iaIxuj5DbGJhFq2zNgP4SOyNFyFAbmB89NySxTwNFOJaya1uR6idYKEY4TQu9WNIIkzEe0q6mAfap7CezFCk69EKB1Iii2fzTm2BfyonvaI+P1UjOa9Plf1o3Vt5FP2FBFCsaEG3RmhdzpEI0LQO5TFCi+EQTTATTXyIywroPpSsr6Pj2fNi/pFUp22fl0/pJsXqVFZGHPTiAEthwDlW4gRo0gcADPMErvBn3xqPxbLx8W3NGdrMLv2C8fwEvpZTU</latexit>

Q = (2⇡kL)dT
r
<latexit sha1_base64="8RKkyQZ7XyL3crwvHWmCy7eaOL8=">AAACH3icbZC7TsMwGIUdrqXcAowsFhVSGaiSitsAUgULA0MrpRepCZHjOq1V5yLbQaqiPAy8DAwIAVvfBjftAC1nsI7/81nyf7yYUSENY6wtLa+srq0XNoqbW9s7u/refktECcekiSMW8Y6HBGE0JE1JJSOdmBMUeIy0veHdJG8/ES5oFFpyFBMnQP2Q+hQjqUauft2waSjdlLtm9qjOamb7HOG0x7OUZzen5aodUziEDydwClo5aCmwZ7l6yagYueCiMWemBGaqu/q73YtwEpBQYoaE6JpGLJ0UcUkxI1nRTgSJER6iPukqG6KACCfNt8zgsR9xKAcE5vffbIoCIUaBp5gAyYGYzybD/7JuIv0rJ6VhnEgSYoWozE8YlBGclAV7lBMs2UgZhDlVv4R4gFQ/UlVaVOub88sumla1Yl5UzhtnpdrtrIgCOARHoAxMcAlq4B7UQRNg8ALewBf41p61V+1D+5yiS9rszQH4I238A4CJooo=</latexit>

Z r2 Z T2
L dr
<latexit sha1_base64="yN8BB41dWNRQufmwBXhJhQls3Z8=">AAAB4nicbZC7TsMwFIZPyq2UW4GRxaJCYqoSxG2sYGFgaCV6kdqoctyT1qqdRLaDVEV9AZgQsPFIvABvg1syQMs/fT7/b+n8J0gE18Z1v5zCyura+kZxs7S1vbO7V94/aOk4VQybLBax6gRUo+ARNg03AjuJQioDge1gfDvz24+oNI+jBzNJ0Jd0GPGQM2rsqHHfL1fcqjsXWQYvhwrkqvfLn71BzFKJkWGCat313MT4GVWGM4HTUi/VmFA2pkPsWoyoRO1n80Wn5CSMFTEjJPP372xGpdYTGdiMpGakF73Z8D+vm5rw2s94lKQGI2Yj1gtTQUxMZn3JgCtkRkwsUKa43ZKwEVWUGXuVkq3vLZZdhtZZ1busXjTOK7Wb/BBFOIJjOAUPrqAGd1CHJjBAeIY3eHcGzpPz4rz+RAtO/ucQ/sj5+Aac0Ypv</latexit>

Q = (2⇡kL) dT
r1 r T1
T1
<latexit sha1_base64="sxmWpvJd981f5N6IYTUyq/RyMrU=">AAAB5HicbZDLTsMwEEUn5VXKq8CSjUWFxKpKEK9lBRuWRfQltVHluJPWqhNHtoNURf0DWCFgxxfxA/wNbskCWu7qeO61NHeCRHBtXPfLKaysrq1vFDdLW9s7u3vl/YOWlqli2GRSSNUJqEbBY2wabgR2EoU0CgS2g/HtzG8/otJcxg0zSdCP6DDmIWfU2NFDo+/1yxW36s5FlsHLoQK56v3yZ28gWRphbJigWnc9NzF+RpXhTOC01Es1JpSN6RC7FmMaofaz+apTchJKRcwIyfz9O5vRSOtJFNhMRM1IL3qz4X9eNzXhtZ/xOEkNxsxGrBemghhJZo3JgCtkRkwsUKa43ZKwEVWUGXuXkq3vLZZdhtZZ1busXtyfV2o3+SGKcATHcAoeXEEN7qAOTWAwhGd4g3cndJ6cF+f1J1pw8j+H8EfOxzfKdYsb</latexit>

T2
<latexit sha1_base64="pqTLF9WVNZtnSyJAJOwfuaSlNcA=">AAAB5HicbZDLTsMwEEUnPEt5FViysaiQWFVJxWtZwYZlEX1JbVQ57qS16jiR7SBVUf8AVgjY8UX8AH+DW7KAlrs6nnstzZ0gEVwb1/1yVlbX1jc2C1vF7Z3dvf3SwWFLx6li2GSxiFUnoBoFl9g03AjsJAppFAhsB+Pbmd9+RKV5LBtmkqAf0aHkIWfU2NFDo1/tl8puxZ2LLIOXQxly1fulz94gZmmE0jBBte56bmL8jCrDmcBpsZdqTCgb0yF2LUoaofaz+apTchrGipgRkvn7dzajkdaTKLCZiJqRXvRmw/+8bmrCaz/jMkkNSmYj1gtTQUxMZo3JgCtkRkwsUKa43ZKwEVWUGXuXoq3vLZZdhla14l1WLu7Py7Wb/BAFOIYTOAMPrqAGd1CHJjAYwjO8wbsTOk/Oi/P6E11x8j9H8EfOxzfL84sc</latexit>

<latexit sha1_base64="kuZwDj/0mhup0e39Jl7JCsCfSN4=">AAACJHicbZBLSwMxFIUzvq2vqks3wSLoomWm+NoIPjYuXFhoVegMQya904ZmHiR3hFL6d/TP6EpU3PhbTNtZaOtdfbnnBO45QSqFRtv+smZm5+YXFpeWCyura+sbxc2tO51kikODJzJRDwHTIEUMDRQo4SFVwKJAwn3QvRrq94+gtEjiOvZS8CLWjkUoOEOz8osXNVdCiE1XxlT5VVqmY3JcJdod9M7K+1U3FbRLbw7o2Fr3q+W679Dc4RdLdsUeDZ0GJ4cSyefWL764rYRnEcTIJdO66dgpen2mUHAJg4KbaUgZ77I2NA3GLALt9UdRB3QvTBTFDtDR+7e3zyKte1FgPBHDjp7Uhsv/tGaG4anXF3GaIcTcWIwWZpJiQoeN0ZZQwFH2DDCuhLmS8g5TjKPptWDiO5Nhp+GuWnGOK0e1w9L5ZV7EEtkhu2SfOOSEnJNrcksahJNn8ko+yKf1ZL1Yb9b72Dpj5X+2yZ+xvn8AOb6iBA==</latexit>

Q [ln r2 ln r1 ] = (2⇡kL) [T2 T1 ]


<latexit sha1_base64="UctVbNvzOTEUiproN3FmKAqeYQk=">AAACA3icbVDLSgMxFM34rPVVdekmWIS6KTPF17LoxmUF+4DOUDLpnTY08yC5I5ShS/0ZXYm68w/8Af/GtM5CWw8knNxzLuQcP5FCo21/WUvLK6tr64WN4ubW9s5uaW+/peNUcWjyWMaq4zMNUkTQRIESOokCFvoS2v7oeqq370FpEUd3OE7AC9kgEoHgDM2oV6KujMyBACtuoBjPVK82MZczcZUYDPGkVyrbVXsGukicnJRJjkav9On2Y56GECGXTOuuYyfoZUyh4BImRTfVkDA+YgPoGhqxELSXzZJM6HEQK4pDoLP3b2/GQq3HoW88IcOhntemw/+0borBpZeJKEkRIm4sRgtSSTGm00JoXyjgKMeGMK6E+SXlQ2aqQFNb0cR35sMuklat6pxXz25Py/WrvIgCOSRHpEIcckHq5IY0SJNw8kieyRt5tx6sJ+vFev2xLln5zgH5A+vjG+E4l58=</latexit>

✓ ◆
r2
ln
r1
T1 T2
<latexit sha1_base64="K3s9dZ0ks1Qjcc4lfz/7t/QMv1o=">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</latexit>

T 1 > T2
<latexit sha1_base64="+knKsnWgPHYeBLark0jvVAMcELQ=">AAAB6HicbZDLSsNAFIZP6q3WW9Wlm8EiuCpJ8baSohuXFXqDNoTJ9KQdO7kwMxFK6DvoStSdz+ML+DZOaxba+q++Of8/cP7jJ4IrbdtfVmFldW19o7hZ2tre2d0r7x+0VZxKhi0Wi1h2fapQ8AhbmmuB3UQiDX2BHX98O/M7jygVj6OmniTohnQY8YAzqs2o0/Sc66ZX88oVu2rPRZbByaECuRpe+bM/iFkaYqSZoEr1HDvRbkal5kzgtNRPFSaUjekQewYjGqJys/m6U3ISxJLoEZL5+3c2o6FSk9A3mZDqkVr0ZsP/vF6qgys341GSaoyYiRgvSAXRMZm1JgMukWkxMUCZ5GZLwkZUUqbNbUqmvrNYdhnatapzUT2/P6vUb/JDFOEIjuEUHLiEOtxBA1rAYAzP8Abv1oP1ZL1Yrz/RgpX/OYQ/sj6+ARXBjGY=</latexit>

Q = 2⇡kL ✓ ◆
r2
ln
r1
II.- Hollow cylinder
<latexit sha1_base64="e4KvGBa4j/TB1Y97VGDhP0Of76Q=">AAAB+HicbVDLTsMwEHR4lvIKIE5cLCokLlRJJR7HCi7trUj0IbVR5bib1qoTR7YDKlH/BU4IuPEd/AB/g1NygJY5ze7MrnbHjzlT2nG+rKXlldW19cJGcXNre2fX3ttvKZFICk0quJAdnyjgLIKmZppDJ5ZAQp9D2x/fZHr7HqRiIrrTkxi8kAwjFjBKtGn17cN6vXyGa4Jz8YDpxKwZgCz27ZJTdmbAi8TNSQnlaPTtz95A0CSESFNOlOq6Tqy9lEjNKIdpsZcoiAkdkyF0DY1ICMpLZ+dP8UkgJNYjwLP6tzcloVKT0DeekOiRmtey5n9aN9HBlZeyKE40RNRYjBYkHGuBsxTwgEmgmk8MIVQycyWmIyIJ1Sar7H13/tlF0qqU3Yvy+W2lVL3OgyigI3SMTpGLLlEV1VADNRFFKXpGb+jderSerBfr9ce6ZOUzB+gPrI9vQu2SIA==</latexit>

Thermal resistance
<latexit sha1_base64="8dBkpdz4/TNjVH2M+7SHqkYSWM8=">AAAB9nicbVDLTsMwEHR4lvIK9MjFokLiVCWVeBwruHAsUl9SG1WOu2ms2klkO4go6q/ACQE3PoQf4G9wSg7QMqfZnVnt7vgJZ0o7zpe1tr6xubVd2anu7u0fHNpHxz0Vp5JCl8Y8lgOfKOAsgq5mmsMgkUCEz6Hvz24Lvf8AUrE46ugsAU+QacQCRok2rbFd64QgBeFYgjLbSEShOrbrTsNZAK8StyR1VKI9tj9Hk5imAiJNOVFq6DqJ9nIiNaMc5tVRqiAhdEamMDQ0IgKUly+On+OzIJZYh4AX9W9vToRSmfCNRxAdqmWtaP6nDVMdXHs5i5JUQ0SNxWhByrGOcZEBnjAJVPPMEEIlM1diGhJJqDZJFe+7y8+ukl6z4V42Lu6b9dZNGUQFnaBTdI5cdIVa6A61URdRlKFn9IberUfryXqxXn+sa1Y5U0N/YH18AywYki4=</latexit>

T = RQ
<latexit sha1_base64="zSFoe7N2dNJ2qUnLAqbrFxfzM8c=">AAAB7HicbZDLSgMxFIYz9VbrrerSTbAIrsqMeNsIRV24bKU3mA4lk55pQzPJkGSEMvQtdCXqzqfxBXwb0zoLrf6rL+f/A+c/YcKZNq776RSWlldW14rrpY3Nre2d8u5eW8tUUWhRyaXqhkQDZwJahhkO3UQBiUMOnXB8M/M7D6A0k6JpJgkEMRkKFjFKjB35vVvghuDm1X2jX664VXcu/Be8HCooV71f/ugNJE1jEIZyorXvuYkJMqIMoxympV6qISF0TIbgWxQkBh1k85Wn+CiSCpsR4Pn7ZzYjsdaTOLSZmJiRXvRmw/88PzXRZZAxkaQGBLUR60Upx0biWXM8YAqo4RMLhCpmt8R0RBShxt6nZOt7i2X/Qvuk6p1Xzxqnldp1fogiOkCH6Bh56ALV0B2qoxaiSKIn9IreHOE8Os/Oy3e04OR/9tEvOe9fD6GOIQ==</latexit>

<latexit sha1_base64="oMR/R1+31G5HDtgtXf5vP/0jVTI=">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</latexit>

2 ⇣ ⌘3
T1 T2
<latexit sha1_base64="K3s9dZ0ks1Qjcc4lfz/7t/QMv1o=">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</latexit>

r2
Q = 2⇡kL ✓ ◆ ln r1
r2 T1 T2 = 4 5Q
ln 2⇡kL
r1

R
<latexit sha1_base64="iJBEDUpNGIUbjoZCMVInY0LrFPA=">AAAB4nicbZDLTsJAFIZP8YZ4Q126mUhMXJHWeFsS3bgEI5cEGjIdTmHCTNvMTE1Iwwvoyqg7H8kX8G0csAsF/9U35/8nOf8JEsG1cd0vp7Cyura+UdwsbW3v7O6V9w9aOk4VwyaLRaw6AdUoeIRNw43ATqKQykBgOxjfzvz2IyrN4+jBTBL0JR1GPOSMGjtq3PfLFbfqzkWWwcuhArnq/fJnbxCzVGJkmKBadz03MX5GleFM4LTUSzUmlI3pELsWIypR+9l80Sk5CWNFzAjJ/P07m1Gp9UQGNiOpGelFbzb8z+umJrz2Mx4lqcGI2Yj1wlQQE5NZXzLgCpkREwuUKW63JGxEFWXGXqVk63uLZZehdVb1LqsXjfNK7SY/RBGO4BhOwYMrqMEd1KEJDBCe4Q3enYHz5Lw4rz/RgpP/OYQ/cj6+AaXFinU=</latexit>

Thermal resistance
<latexit sha1_base64="8dBkpdz4/TNjVH2M+7SHqkYSWM8=">AAAB9nicbVDLTsMwEHR4lvIK9MjFokLiVCWVeBwruHAsUl9SG1WOu2ms2klkO4go6q/ACQE3PoQf4G9wSg7QMqfZnVnt7vgJZ0o7zpe1tr6xubVd2anu7u0fHNpHxz0Vp5JCl8Y8lgOfKOAsgq5mmsMgkUCEz6Hvz24Lvf8AUrE46ugsAU+QacQCRok2rbFd64QgBeFYgjLbSEShOrbrTsNZAK8StyR1VKI9tj9Hk5imAiJNOVFq6DqJ9nIiNaMc5tVRqiAhdEamMDQ0IgKUly+On+OzIJZYh4AX9W9vToRSmfCNRxAdqmWtaP6nDVMdXHs5i5JUQ0SNxWhByrGOcZEBnjAJVPPMEEIlM1diGhJJqDZJFe+7y8+ukl6z4V42Lu6b9dZNGUQFnaBTdI5cdIVa6A61URdRlKFn9IberUfryXqxXn+sa1Y5U0N/YH18AywYki4=</latexit>
II.- Hollow cylinder
<latexit sha1_base64="e4KvGBa4j/TB1Y97VGDhP0Of76Q=">AAAB+HicbVDLTsMwEHR4lvIKIE5cLCokLlRJJR7HCi7trUj0IbVR5bib1qoTR7YDKlH/BU4IuPEd/AB/g1NygJY5ze7MrnbHjzlT2nG+rKXlldW19cJGcXNre2fX3ttvKZFICk0quJAdnyjgLIKmZppDJ5ZAQp9D2x/fZHr7HqRiIrrTkxi8kAwjFjBKtGn17cN6vXyGa4Jz8YDpxKwZgCz27ZJTdmbAi8TNSQnlaPTtz95A0CSESFNOlOq6Tqy9lEjNKIdpsZcoiAkdkyF0DY1ICMpLZ+dP8UkgJNYjwLP6tzcloVKT0DeekOiRmtey5n9aN9HBlZeyKE40RNRYjBYkHGuBsxTwgEmgmk8MIVQycyWmIyIJ1Sar7H13/tlF0qqU3Yvy+W2lVL3OgyigI3SMTpGLLlEV1VADNRFFKXpGb+jderSerBfr9ce6ZOUzB+gPrI9vQu2SIA==</latexit>

If the heat Q is steady, the temperature gradient


<latexit sha1_base64="JiGNj99IGFqOg7f+FRaMexFgP4Y=">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</latexit>

along the wall is constant:

<latexit sha1_base64="6MgkWElKy31FCwq4ZLIs6fuATK0=">AAACDXicbVDLSsNAFJ34tr6iLt0MFkEES1J8bQTRjQsXCtYWklAm05t26OTBzI1QQr5Bf0ZXou7c+AP+jdPaha+zOveec+GeE2ZSaHScD2ticmp6ZnZuvrKwuLS8Yq+u3eg0VxwaPJWpaoVMgxQJNFCghFamgMWhhGbYPxvqzVtQWqTJNQ4yCGLWTUQkOEOzats7V8e7dT8TtE8vqC8hQo8q6keK8aJzXRYdVVJfiW4Pg7ZddWrOCPQvccekSsa4bNvvfifleQwJcsm09lwnw6BgCgWXUFb8XEPGeJ91wTM0YTHooBhlKulWlCqKPaCj+bu3YLHWgzg0nphhT//Whsv/NC/H6CgoRJLlCAk3FqNFuaSY0mE1tCMUcJQDQxhXwnxJeY+ZJtAUWDHx3d9h/5Kbes09qO1f7VVPTsdFzJENskm2iUsOyQk5J5ekQTi5J4/khbxad9aD9WQ9f1knrPHNOvkB6+0TpSGaqA==</latexit>


dT
Q= 2⇡kL r
dr

dT
<latexit sha1_base64="/t12X/K/jYbbwrfvazh8LsUCY0o=">AAAB9nicbZDLSsNAFIZP6q3WW7RLN4NFcFUS8bYRit24rNAbtCFMJpN26OTCzEQMIa+iK1F3Pogv4Ns4rVlo9V99c/5/4JzfSziTyrI+jcrK6tr6RnWztrW9s7tn7h/0ZZwKQnsk5rEYelhSziLaU0xxOkwExaHH6cCbtef+4J4KyeKoq7KEOiGeRCxgBCs9cs26QONAYJL73SL3RXHddm3XbFhNayH0F+wSGlCq45ofYz8maUgjRTiWcmRbiXJyLBQjnBa1cSppgskMT+hIY4RDKp18sXyBjoNYIDWlaPH+mc1xKGUWejoTYjWVy958+J83SlVw5eQsSlJFI6Ij2gtSjlSM5h0gnwlKFM80YCKY3hKRKdYtKN1UTZ9vLx/7F/qnTfuieX531mjdlEVU4RCO4ARsuIQW3EIHekAggyd4hTfjwXg0no2X72jFKP/U4ZeM9y8Th5Ig</latexit>

r = C1
dr
Z
<latexit sha1_base64="8CjW2jeluuqfHwCrCLjwo3QKWXM=">AAACC3icbVDLSsNAFJ3UV62vqEs3g0XoQkoivjZCsRuXFfqCJobJdNIOnUzCzEQoIZ+gP6MrUXfu/AH/xknNQlvP6tx7zoV7jh8zKpVlfRmlpeWV1bXyemVjc2t7x9zd68ooEZh0cMQi0feRJIxy0lFUMdKPBUGhz0jPnzRzvXdPhKQRb6tpTNwQjTgNKEZKrzyz5lCuoHMMh+2rpmfDfPRS4dnZnYBOIBBOhyJLReaZVatuzQAXiV2QKijQ8sxPZxjhJCRcYYakHNhWrNwUCUUxI1nFSSSJEZ6gERloylFIpJvOEmXwKIgEVGMCZ/Nvb4pCKaehrz0hUmM5r+XL/7RBooJLN6U8ThThWFu0FiQMqgjmxcAhFQQrNtUEYUH1lxCPkS5A6foqOr49H3aRdE/q9nn97Pa02rguiiiDA3AIasAGF6ABbkALdAAGj+AZvIF348F4Ml6M1x9ryShu9sEfGB/f5IWaUQ==</latexit>

Z r
dr
dT = C1
r1 r
<latexit sha1_base64="B7h5gETSZUJRR0wGfAP6ux3mFow=">AAACEXicbVDJSgNBFOxxN25Rj14ag5AghBlxuwjBXDxGyAaZMPR03iSNPQvdb4Qw5Cv0Z/Qk6k1/wL+xE3PQxIIH9V5VQ1f5iRQabfvLWlhcWl5ZXVvPbWxube/kd/eaOk4VhwaPZazaPtMgRQQNFCihnShgoS+h5d9Vx3rrHpQWcVTHYQLdkPUjEQjO0Jy8fLleVKWrqudQV0ZmIMAidQPFeKZGmfKcEXWV6A+wRI+r3omXL9hlewI6T5wpKZApal7+0+3FPA0hQi6Z1h3HTrCbMYWCSxjl3FRDwvgd60PH0IiFoLvZJNeIHgWxojgAOtl/ezMWaj0MfeMJGQ70rDY+/qd1Ugwuu5mIkhQh4sZitCCVFGM6rof2hAKOcmgI40qYX1I+YKYONCXmTHxnNuw8aZ6UnfPy2e1poXI9LWKNHJBDUiQOuSAVckNqpEE4eSTP5I28Ww/Wk/Vivf5YF6zpm33yB9bHNxsmm0A=</latexit>

✓ ◆
r
T (r) = C1 ln + C2
r1
II.- Hollow cylinder
<latexit sha1_base64="e4KvGBa4j/TB1Y97VGDhP0Of76Q=">AAAB+HicbVDLTsMwEHR4lvIKIE5cLCokLlRJJR7HCi7trUj0IbVR5bib1qoTR7YDKlH/BU4IuPEd/AB/g1NygJY5ze7MrnbHjzlT2nG+rKXlldW19cJGcXNre2fX3ttvKZFICk0quJAdnyjgLIKmZppDJ5ZAQp9D2x/fZHr7HqRiIrrTkxi8kAwjFjBKtGn17cN6vXyGa4Jz8YDpxKwZgCz27ZJTdmbAi8TNSQnlaPTtz95A0CSESFNOlOq6Tqy9lEjNKIdpsZcoiAkdkyF0DY1ICMpLZ+dP8UkgJNYjwLP6tzcloVKT0DeekOiRmtey5n9aN9HBlZeyKE40RNRYjBYkHGuBsxTwgEmgmk8MIVQycyWmIyIJ1Sar7H13/tlF0qqU3Yvy+W2lVL3OgyigI3SMTpGLLlEV1VADNRFFKXpGb+jderSerBfr9ce6ZOUzB+gPrI9vQu2SIA==</latexit>

Boundary conditions must be applied to determine the constants


<latexit sha1_base64="uAGaYzTTRc5K5s5PLaUIF5wgPas=">AAACInicbVDLThtBEJwlEMAhiQlHLiMspJysXaRAbljOJUeQ8EOyLat3to1HzGM104tkWf4b+BnIJUo4IPExzJo98OpTTVWNuqvSXElPcXwfrXxYXfu4vrFZ+7T1+cvX+va3rreFE9gRVlnXT8GjkgY7JElhP3cIOlXYSy9+lXrvEp2X1pzRLMeRhnMjJ1IABWpcP27bwmTgZlxYk8mS9FwXnniKHPJwAmacLM+Q0OmwhNMUS68nMORr43ojbsbL4W9BUoEGq+ZkXP8zzKwoNBoSCrwfJHFOozk4kkLhojYsPOYgLuAcBwEa0OhH82XQBd+fWFcdEN7PvXPQ3s90GjwaaOpfayX5njYoaPJzNJcmLwiNCJagTQpVZi774pl0KEjNAgDhQkGCiyk4EKGPZfzkddi3oHvQTA6bP04PGq12VcQG22V77DtL2BFrsd/shHWYYNfslv1nd9FVdBP9jf49WVei6s8OezHRwyPuHaRz</latexit>

<latexit sha1_base64="B7h5gETSZUJRR0wGfAP6ux3mFow=">AAACEXicbVDJSgNBFOxxN25Rj14ag5AghBlxuwjBXDxGyAaZMPR03iSNPQvdb4Qw5Cv0Z/Qk6k1/wL+xE3PQxIIH9V5VQ1f5iRQabfvLWlhcWl5ZXVvPbWxube/kd/eaOk4VhwaPZazaPtMgRQQNFCihnShgoS+h5d9Vx3rrHpQWcVTHYQLdkPUjEQjO0Jy8fLleVKWrqudQV0ZmIMAidQPFeKZGmfKcEXWV6A+wRI+r3omXL9hlewI6T5wpKZApal7+0+3FPA0hQi6Z1h3HTrCbMYWCSxjl3FRDwvgd60PH0IiFoLvZJNeIHgWxojgAOtl/ezMWaj0MfeMJGQ70rDY+/qd1Ugwuu5mIkhQh4sZitCCVFGM6rof2hAKOcmgI40qYX1I+YKYONCXmTHxnNuw8aZ6UnfPy2e1poXI9LWKNHJBDUiQOuSAVckNqpEE4eSTP5I28Ww/Wk/Vivf5YF6zpm33yB9bHNxsmm0A=</latexit>

✓ ◆
r
T (r) = C1 ln + C2
r1

First condition
<latexit sha1_base64="g1lBVKfhbtTo1mWpNw38gvoZY+I=">AAAB8nicbVDLSgNBEJz1GeMjUY9eBoPgKewGfByDgniMYB6QLGF20psMmZ1dZnqFsORH9CTqzU/xB/wbJ8keNLFO1VXV0NVBIoVB1/121tY3Nre2CzvF3b39g1L58Khl4lRzaPJYxroTMANSKGiiQAmdRAOLAgntYHw789tPoI2I1SNOEvAjNlQiFJyhlfrl0p3QBimP1UAslIpbdeegq8TLSYXkaPTLX71BzNMIFHLJjOl6boJ+xjQKLmFa7KUGEsbHbAhdSxWLwPjZ/PApPQtjTXEEdD7/zmYsMmYSBTYTMRyZZW8m/ud1Uwyv/UyoJEVQ3EasF6aSYkxn/elAaOAoJ5Ywrm1nTvmIacbRfqlo63vLZVdJq1b1LqsXD7VK/SZ/RIGckFNyTjxyRerknjRIk3CSkhfyTj4cdJ6dV+dtEV1z8p1j8gfO5w+p6ZDN</latexit>

At r = r1
<latexit sha1_base64="YQngPrMQFShXvXDl7GUAI/wezWU=">AAAB63icbZDNTgIxFIXv4B/iH+rSTSOYuCIzJP5sTFA3LjERMMKEdModaGhnJm3HhEx4Cl0Zdefb+AK+jQVZKHhWX+85Te65QSK4Nq775eSWlldW1/LrhY3Nre2d4u5eU8epYthgsYjVfUA1Ch5hw3Aj8D5RSGUgsBUMryd+6xGV5nF0Z0YJ+pL2Ix5yRo0dPVwaUlYXquuVu8WSW3GnIovgzaAEM9W7xc9OL2apxMgwQbVue25i/Iwqw5nAcaGTakwoG9I+ti1GVKL2s+nGY3IUxoqYAZLp+3c2o1LrkQxsRlIz0PPeZPif105NeO5nPEpSgxGzEeuFqSAmJpPipMcVMiNGFihT3G5J2IAqyow9T8HW9+bLLkKzWvFOKye31VLtanaIPBzAIRyDB2dQgxuoQwMYRPAMb/DuSOfJeXFef6I5Z/ZnH/7I+fgGs6KNSQ==</latexit>

<latexit sha1_base64="Kb2RFKe738L3uUYVr3rvcmJl3yU=">AAAB6XicbZDLSsNAFIZP6q3WW9Wlm8Ei1E1JxNtGKLpxWaE3aEOZTE/aoZMLMxOhhD6ErkTd+Tq+gG/jNGahrf/qm/P/A+c/Xiy40rb9ZRVWVtfWN4qbpa3tnd298v5BW0WJZNhikYhk16MKBQ+xpbkW2I0l0sAT2PEmd3O/84hS8Shs6mmMbkBHIfc5o9qMus2qPL1pDpxBuWLX7ExkGZwcKpCrMSh/9ocRSwIMNRNUqZ5jx9pNqdScCZyV+onCmLIJHWHPYEgDVG6a7TsjJ34kiR4jyd6/sykNlJoGnskEVI/Vojcf/uf1Eu1fuykP40RjyEzEeH4iiI7IvDYZcolMi6kByiQ3WxI2ppIybY5TMvWdxbLL0D6rOZe1i4fzSv02P0QRjuAYquDAFdThHhrQAgYCnuEN3q2J9WS9WK8/0YKV/zmEP7I+vgGFSYyh</latexit>

T (r) = T1
r = r2 <latexit sha1_base64="w1Pw7SVyz+6D7dqpLn3MgBKUJDc=">AAAB5nicbZDLSsNAFIZP6q3WW9Wlm8EiuCpJ8bYRim5cVjBtoQ1lMj1phk4uzEyEEvoKuhJ15wP5Ar6N05qFtv6rb87/D5z/+KngStv2l1VaWV1b3yhvVra2d3b3qvsHbZVkkqHLEpHIrk8VCh6jq7kW2E0l0sgX2PHHtzO/84hS8SR+0JMUvYiOYh5wRrUZufJaDhqDas2u23ORZXAKqEGh1qD62R8mLIsw1kxQpXqOnWovp1JzJnBa6WcKU8rGdIQ9gzGNUHn5fNkpOQkSSXSIZP7+nc1ppNQk8k0mojpUi95s+J/Xy3Rw5eU8TjONMTMR4wWZIDohs85kyCUyLSYGKJPcbElYSCVl2lymYuo7i2WXod2oOxf18/uzWvOmOEQZjuAYTsGBS2jCHbTABQYcnuEN3q3QerJerNefaMkq/hzCH1kf30p4i/0=</latexit>
<latexit sha1_base64="ksHfo6IpY7X/jYSWzBq1H4YoEBE=">AAAB6XicbZDLTgIxFIbP4A3xhrp000hMcENmCF42JkQ3LjHhlsCEdMoZaOhc0nZMyISH0JVRd76OL+DbWHAWCv6rr+f/m5z/eLHgStv2l5VbW9/Y3MpvF3Z29/YPiodHbRUlkmGLRSKSXY8qFDzEluZaYDeWSANPYMeb3M39ziNKxaOwqacxugEdhdznjGoz6jbL8vymOagOiiW7Yi9EVsHJoASZGoPiZ38YsSTAUDNBleo5dqzdlErNmcBZoZ8ojCmb0BH2DIY0QOWmi31n5MyPJNFjJIv372xKA6WmgWcyAdVjtezNh/95vUT7127KwzjRGDITMZ6fCKIjMq9Nhlwi02JqgDLJzZaEjamkTJvjFEx9Z7nsKrSrFeeycvFQK9Vvs0Pk4QROoQwOXEEd7qEBLWAg4Bne4N2aWE/Wi/X6E81Z2Z9j+CPr4xuGx4yi</latexit>

T (r) = T2 Second condition


<latexit sha1_base64="qQGMr2QxnJEtvJCrULDiXyN95n8=">AAAB83icbVA7T8MwGHR4lvIKMLJYVEhMVVKJx1jBwlgEfUhtVDnul9aqY0e2U6mK+ktgQsDGP+EP8G9w2gzQcoN1vjtLvgsTzrTxvG9nbX1jc2u7tFPe3ds/OHSPjltapopCk0ouVSckGjgT0DTMcOgkCkgccmiH47vcb09AaSbFk5kmEMRkKFjEKDFW6rvuI1ApBjg/2EKqeFVvDrxK/IJUUIFG3/3qDSRNYxCGcqJ11/cSE2REGUY5zMq9VENC6JgMoWupIDHoIJv/fIbPI6mwGQGe339nMxJrPY1Dm4mJGellLxf/87qpiW6CjIkkNSCojVgvSjk2EucD4AFTQA2fWkKosp0ppiOiCDV2prKt7y+XXSWtWtW/ql4+1Cr122KIEjpFZ+gC+ega1dE9aqAmomiCXtA7+nBS59l5dd4W0TWneHOC/sD5/AFRr5Er</latexit>

First condition ✓ ◆
<latexit sha1_base64="g1lBVKfhbtTo1mWpNw38gvoZY+I=">AAAB8nicbVDLSgNBEJz1GeMjUY9eBoPgKewGfByDgniMYB6QLGF20psMmZ1dZnqFsORH9CTqzU/xB/wbJ8keNLFO1VXV0NVBIoVB1/121tY3Nre2CzvF3b39g1L58Khl4lRzaPJYxroTMANSKGiiQAmdRAOLAgntYHw789tPoI2I1SNOEvAjNlQiFJyhlfrl0p3QBimP1UAslIpbdeegq8TLSYXkaPTLX71BzNMIFHLJjOl6boJ+xjQKLmFa7KUGEsbHbAhdSxWLwPjZ/PApPQtjTXEEdD7/zmYsMmYSBTYTMRyZZW8m/ud1Uwyv/UyoJEVQ3EasF6aSYkxn/elAaOAoJ5Ywrm1nTvmIacbRfqlo63vLZVdJq1b1LqsXD7VK/SZ/RIGckFNyTjxyRerknjRIk3CSkhfyTj4cdJ6dV+dtEV1z8p1j8gfO5w+p6ZDN</latexit>

<latexit sha1_base64="7leld0s4VyW1GtDGFPTJtUMlJSs=">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</latexit>

r1
T (r)|r=r1 = C1 ln + C2
r1
T1 = C 2
<latexit sha1_base64="+I/Xhp/H6W4Pr7L/y1sXcBYKQgo=">AAAB6HicbZDLSsNAFIZP6q3WW9Wlm8EiuCpJ8bYRit24rNAbtCFMpift2MmFmYlQQt9BV6LufB5fwLdxWrPQ6r/65vz/wPmPnwiutG1/WoWV1bX1jeJmaWt7Z3evvH/QUXEqGbZZLGLZ86lCwSNsa64F9hKJNPQFdv1JY+53H1AqHkctPU3QDeko4gFnVJtRt+U51w2v5pUrdtVeiPwFJ4cK5Gp65Y/BMGZpiJFmgirVd+xEuxmVmjOBs9IgVZhQNqEj7BuMaIjKzRbrzshJEEuix0gW75/ZjIZKTUPfZEKqx2rZmw//8/qpDq7cjEdJqjFiJmK8IBVEx2Temgy5RKbF1ABlkpstCRtTSZk2tymZ+s5y2b/QqVWdi+r53VmlfpMfoghHcAyn4MAl1OEWmtAGBhN4gld4s+6tR+vZevmOFqz8zyH8kvX+BfqxjFQ=</latexit>

<latexit sha1_base64="NdXo+MCr+ra1wdfG875bAtd+lHk=">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</latexit>

2 3
Second condition ✓ ◆
<latexit sha1_base64="qQGMr2QxnJEtvJCrULDiXyN95n8=">AAAB83icbVA7T8MwGHR4lvIKMLJYVEhMVVKJx1jBwlgEfUhtVDnul9aqY0e2U6mK+ktgQsDGP+EP8G9w2gzQcoN1vjtLvgsTzrTxvG9nbX1jc2u7tFPe3ds/OHSPjltapopCk0ouVSckGjgT0DTMcOgkCkgccmiH47vcb09AaSbFk5kmEMRkKFjEKDFW6rvuI1ApBjg/2EKqeFVvDrxK/IJUUIFG3/3qDSRNYxCGcqJ11/cSE2REGUY5zMq9VENC6JgMoWupIDHoIJv/fIbPI6mwGQGe339nMxJrPY1Dm4mJGellLxf/87qpiW6CjIkkNSCojVgvSjk2EucD4AFTQA2fWkKosp0ppiOiCDV2prKt7y+XXSWtWtW/ql4+1Cr122KIEjpFZ+gC+ega1dE9aqAmomiCXtA7+nBS59l5dd4W0TWneHOC/sD5/AFRr5Er</latexit>

<latexit sha1_base64="0HjpAKfGPMmP9VDQ1AQEFvsSV8U=">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</latexit>

✓ ◆
r2 6 T2 T1 7 r
T (r)|r=r2 = C1 ln + C2 T (r) = T1 + 6 7
4 ✓ r2 ◆ 5 ln
r1 r1
✓ ◆ ln
r1
<latexit sha1_base64="JPfQR5sN1d8xnNbUz0qE6ESrZ+c=">AAACEHicbVDLSgMxFM34rPVVdekmWARFLDPF10YoduOyQh9CpwyZ9E4bmnmQ3BHK0J/Qn9GVqDvxB/wb09qFVg8knNxzLuQcP5FCo21/WnPzC4tLy7mV/Ora+sZmYWu7qeNUcWjwWMbq1mcapIiggQIl3CYKWOhLaPmD6lhv3YHSIo7qOEygE7JeJALBGZqRVziue+XLqudQV0bmQIAHbqAYz5RXHpnLGVFXiV4fD4/qnuMVinbJnoD+Jc6UFMkUNa/w4XZjnoYQIZdM67ZjJ9jJmELBJYzybqohYXzAetA2NGIh6E42iTWi+0GsKPaBTt4/vRkLtR6GvvGEDPt6VhsP/9PaKQYXnUxESYoQcWMxWpBKijEdt0O7QgFHOTSEcSXMLynvM9MHmg7zJr4zG/YvaZZLzlnp9OakWLmaFpEju2SPHBCHnJMKuSY10iCcPJAn8krerHvr0Xq2Xr6tc9Z0Z4f8gvX+BTemm2U=</latexit>

r2
T2 = C1 ln + T1
r1
Temperature decreases with radius
<latexit sha1_base64="vrJeVSNpSdAnTjch9m9uZYD9wCQ=">AAACBHicbVC7TsNAEDyHVwgvAyXNQYREFdmReJQRNJRByksKUXS+rONTzg/drUGRlRZ+BioEdHwBP8DfcAkuIGGq2Z1ZaWe8RAqNjvNlFZaWV1bXiuuljc2t7R17d6+l41RxaPJYxqrjMQ1SRNBEgRI6iQIWehLa3uhqqrfvQGkRRw0cJ9AL2TASvuAMzapvHzYgTEAxTBXQAXBzq0HTe4EBVWwgUt23y07FmYEuEjcnZZKj3rc/bwcxT0OIkEumddd1EuxlTKHgEial21RDwviIDaFraMRC0L1sFmVCj/1YUQyAzubf3oyFWo9Dz3hChoGe16bL/7Ruiv5FLxNRkiJE3FiM5qeSYkynjdCBUMBRjg1hXAnzJeUBU4yj6a1k4rvzYRdJq1pxzyqnN9Vy7TIvokgOyBE5IS45JzVyTeqkSTh5JM/kjbxbD9aT9WK9/lgLVn6zT/7A+vgGS4GYcw==</latexit>

T2 T1
<latexit sha1_base64="rb6UVuv0Q/pAoftHOBlMk42zl1c=">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</latexit>

C1 = ✓ ◆
r2
ln
r1
III.- Hollow sphere
<latexit sha1_base64="t8JNsoyB8rjhruJgfX14SqSTS2c=">AAAB93icbZDJTsMwFEUdxlKmMOzYWFRIbIiSSgzLCjbtrkh0kNqoctyXxqoTR7YDClG/BVYI2PEf/AB/Q1qygJa7On73WnrvejFnStv2l7G0vLK6tl7aKG9ube/smnv7bSUSSaFFBRey6xEFnEXQ0kxz6MYSSOhx6Hjjm6nfuQepmIjudBqDG5JRxHxGic5HA/Ow0WhYZ7guOBcPWMUBSCgPzIpt2TPhRXAKqKBCzYH52R8KmoQQacqJUj3HjrWbEakZ5TAp9xMFMaFjMoJejhEJQbnZbPsJPvGFxDoAPHv/zmYkVCoNvTwTEh2oeW86/M/rJdq/cjMWxYmGiOaR3PMTjrXA0xLwkEmgmqc5ECpZviWmAZGE6ryq6fnO/LGL0K5azoV1flut1K6LIkroCB2jU+SgS1RDddRELUTRI3pGb+jdSI0n48V4/YkuGcWfA/RHxsc3R9SRjA==</latexit>
dT
<latexit sha1_base64="Lioo8zO4iEZFV9QzAsrJHfZh07Y=">AAAB9XicbZDJTsMwFEWdMpUyhbJkY1EhsaFKENMGqcCGZSt1ktqocpyX1qozyHaAKsqnwAoBO36EH+BvcEsW0HJXx+9eS+9dN+ZMKsv6MgpLyyura8X10sbm1vaOuVtuyygRFFo04pHoukQCZyG0FFMcurEAErgcOu74dup37kFIFoVNNYnBCcgwZD6jROnRwCw3ro7H131fEJp6zSz1RDYwK1bVmgkvgp1DBeWqD8zPvhfRJIBQUU6k7NlWrJyUCMUoh6zUTyTEhI7JEHoaQxKAdNLZ7hk+9COB1Qjw7P07m5JAykng6kxA1EjOe9Phf14vUf6lk7IwThSEVEe05yccqwhPK8AeE0AVn2ggVDC9JaYjohtQuqiSPt+eP3YR2idV+7x61jit1G7yIopoHx2gI2SjC1RDd6iOWoiiR/SM3tC78WA8GS/G60+0YOR/9tAfGR/fibKR2w==</latexit>

III.- Hollow sphere


<latexit sha1_base64="t8JNsoyB8rjhruJgfX14SqSTS2c=">AAAB93icbZDJTsMwFEUdxlKmMOzYWFRIbIiSSgzLCjbtrkh0kNqoctyXxqoTR7YDClG/BVYI2PEf/AB/Q1qygJa7On73WnrvejFnStv2l7G0vLK6tl7aKG9ube/smnv7bSUSSaFFBRey6xEFnEXQ0kxz6MYSSOhx6Hjjm6nfuQepmIjudBqDG5JRxHxGic5HA/Ow0WhYZ7guOBcPWMUBSCgPzIpt2TPhRXAKqKBCzYH52R8KmoQQacqJUj3HjrWbEakZ5TAp9xMFMaFjMoJejhEJQbnZbPsJPvGFxDoAPHv/zmYkVCoNvTwTEh2oeW86/M/rJdq/cjMWxYmGiOaR3PMTjrXA0xLwkEmgmqc5ECpZviWmAZGE6ryq6fnO/LGL0K5azoV1flut1K6LIkroCB2jU+SgS1RDddRELUTRI3pGb+jdSI0n48V4/YkuGcWfA/RHxsc3R9SRjA==</latexit>

Q= kA Fourier’s Law
<latexit sha1_base64="MWX4ubE3FSABe3bfqUyFiYynkAs=">AAAB7nicbVDLTgJBEOzFF+IL9ehlIjF6IrskqEeiifHgARN5JLAhs0MvTJh9ODOrIRt+Q09Gvfkx/oB/44B7ULBO1V3Vna72YsGVtu0vK7e0vLK6ll8vbGxube8Ud/eaKkokwwaLRCTbHlUoeIgNzbXAdiyRBp7Alje6nOqtB5SKR+GdHsfoBnQQcp8zqk3LvTJ7OMpjRW7oY69Yssv2DGSROBkpQYZ6r/jZ7UcsCTDUTFClOo4dazelUnMmcFLoJgpjykZ0gB1DQxqgctPZ0RNy5EeS6CGSWf3bm9JAqXHgGU9A9VDNa9Pmf1on0f65m/IwTjSGzFiM5ieC6IhMs5M+l8i0GBtCmeTmSsKGVFKmzYcKJr4zH3aRNCtl57Rcva2UahfZI/JwAIdwAg6cQQ2uoQ4NYHAPz/AG71ZsPVkv1uuPNWdlM/vwB9bHNxEIj1M=</latexit>

dr

A = 4⇡r2
<latexit sha1_base64="JWsJESMKKaYUjBvc5f9TgwKlM6I=">AAAB63icbZDLTgIxFIY7eEO8oS7dNBITV2SG4GVjgrpxiYlcIoykU85AQ9uZtB0TMuEpdGXUnW/jC/g2FpyFgv/q6/n/Juc/QcyZNq775eSWlldW1/LrhY3Nre2d4u5eU0eJotCgEY9UOyAaOJPQMMxwaMcKiAg4tILR9dRvPYLSLJJ3ZhyDL8hAspBRYuzo/vKi2o0ZVg+VXrHklt2Z8CJ4GZRQpnqv+NntRzQRIA3lROuO58bGT4kyjHKYFLqJhpjQERlAx6IkArSfzjae4KMwUtgMAc/ev7MpEVqPRWAzgpihnvemw/+8TmLCcz9lMk4MSGoj1gsTjk2Ep8Vxnymgho8tEKqY3RLTIVGEGnuegq3vzZddhGal7J2WT26rpdpVdog8OkCH6Bh56AzV0A2qowaiSKJn9IbeHeE8OS/O608052R/9tEfOR/fDIKNhg==</latexit>

r2 For a spherical cap


<latexit sha1_base64="pPx2mXPRF+1FT07ptfxIWAKc6Dc=">AAAB9nicbVDJSgNBFOxxjXEbzdFLYxA8hZmAyzEoiMcIZoFkCG86bzJNeha6e8Qw5Ff0JOrND/EH/Bs7cQ6aWKfqqmqoV34quNKO82WtrK6tb2yWtsrbO7t7+/bBYVslmWTYYolIZNcHhYLH2NJcC+ymEiHyBXb88fXM7zygVDyJ7/UkRS+CUcwDzkAbaWBXbhJJgao0RGlEQRmkA7vq1Jw56DJxC1IlBZoD+7M/TFgWYayZAKV6rpNqLwepORM4LfczhSmwMYywZ2gMESovn5ef0pPANNAh0vn7dzaHSKlJ5JtMBDpUi95M/M/rZTq49HIep5nGmJmI8YJMUJ3Q2QZ0yCUyLSaGAJPctKQsBAlMm6XK5nx38dhl0q7X3PPa2V292rgqhiiRI3JMTolLLkiD3JImaRFGJuSZvJF369F6sl6s15/oilX8qZA/sD6+AayKkd0=</latexit>

<latexit sha1_base64="tAopxsc0afp2A4YgTkMfzgEUVeg=">AAAB5HicbZDLTsJAFIZP8YZ4Q126mUhMXJGWeFsS3bjEKJcEGjIdTmHCtNPMTE1Iwxvoyqg7n8gX8G0csAsF/9U35/8nOf8JEsG1cd0vp7Cyura+UdwsbW3v7O6V9w9aWqaKYZNJIVUnoBoFj7FpuBHYSRTSKBDYDsY3M7/9iEpzGT+YSYJ+RIcxDzmjxo7uVb/WL1fcqjsXWQYvhwrkavTLn72BZGmEsWGCat313MT4GVWGM4HTUi/VmFA2pkPsWoxphNrP5qtOyUkoFTEjJPP372xGI60nUWAzETUjvejNhv953dSEV37G4yQ1GDMbsV6YCmIkmTUmA66QGTGxQJnidkvCRlRRZuxdSra+t1h2GVq1qndRPb87q9Sv80MU4QiO4RQ8uIQ63EIDmsBgCM/wBu9O6Dw5L87rT7Tg5H8O4Y+cj2/484s6</latexit>

dT
<latexit sha1_base64="ir4MEx2uMLcHAVgQcVCRduTAKBY=">AAAB/nicbVDLSsNAFL2pr1pfVZfdDBbBjSUp9bERim5cttAXNLFMJpN26OTBzEQooaA/oytRd36EP+DfOK1ZaOtZnXvPuXDPcWPOpDLNLyO3srq2vpHfLGxt7+zuFfcPOjJKBKFtEvFI9FwsKWchbSumOO3FguLA5bTrjm9meveeCsmisKUmMXUCPAyZzwhWejUolppXpzU7ZmiMxF0V2b7AJPVa09QT00GxbFbMOdAysTJShgyNQfHT9iKSBDRUhGMp+5YZKyfFQjHC6bRgJ5LGmIzxkPY1DXFApZPOQ0zRsR8JpEYUzeff3hQHUk4CV3sCrEZyUZst/9P6ifIvnZSFcaJoSLRFa37CkYrQrAvkMUGJ4hNNMBFMf4nICOsGlG6soONbi2GXSadasc4rZ81auX6dFZGHEhzBCVhwAXW4hQa0gcAjPMMbvBsPxpPxYrz+WHNGdnMIf2B8fAPasJS/</latexit>

r1 Q= 4⇡kr2
dr
<latexit sha1_base64="rAZC2eRX92o1Yo/Q0CzFD1rkxeE=">AAAB5HicbZDLTgJBEEVr8IX4Ql266UhMXJEZ42tJdOMSozwSmJCepgY69DzSXWNCCH+gK6Pu/CJ/wL+xwVkoelen695O6laQKmnIdT+dwtLyyupacb20sbm1vVPe3WuaJNMCGyJRiW4H3KCSMTZIksJ2qpFHgcJWMLqe+a0H1EYm8T2NU/QjPohlKAUnO7rTPa9XrrhVdy72F7wcKpCr3it/dPuJyCKMSShuTMdzU/InXJMUCqelbmYw5WLEB9ixGPMIjT+ZrzplR2GiGQ2Rzd8/sxMeGTOOApuJOA3Nojcb/ud1Mgov/YmM04wwFjZivTBTjBI2a8z6UqMgNbbAhZZ2SyaGXHNB9i4lW99bLPsXmidV77x6dntaqV3lhyjCARzCMXhwATW4gTo0QMAAnuAV3pzQeXSenZfvaMHJ/+zDLznvX/d1izk=</latexit>

dr
<latexit sha1_base64="o0BUEV+uGWo3hqZDeAVYHEvFLZw=">AAACAHicbVDLSsNAFJ3UV62vqEsRBovgxpKU+tgIRTcuW+gLmlom05t26OTBzEQoIRv9GV2JuvMb/AH/xmnNQlvP6tx7zoV7jhtxJpVlfRm5peWV1bX8emFjc2t7x9zda8kwFhSaNOSh6LhEAmcBNBVTHDqRAOK7HNru+Gaqt+9BSBYGDTWJoOeTYcA8RonSq755WMeOJwhNBiJNxF05xVenFSdieIwHDdw3i1bJmgEvEjsjRZSh1jc/nUFIYx8CRTmRsmtbkeolRChGOaQFJ5YQETomQ+hqGhAfZC+ZxUjxsRcKrEaAZ/Nvb0J8KSe+qz0+USM5r02X/2ndWHmXvYQFUawgoNqiNS/mWIV42gYeMAFU8YkmhAqmv8R0RHQfSndW0PHt+bCLpFUu2eels3qlWL3OisijA3SETpCNLlAV3aIaaiKKHtEzekPvxoPxZLwYrz/WnJHd7KM/MD6+AagAlRM=</latexit>

Q 2 = 4⇡kdT
r
<latexit sha1_base64="SERhJaqszcHsJYWogQmcsS7ngt4=">AAACIXicbZC7TsMwGIUdrqXcAowsFhUSC1VSlcsCqmBhbKX0IjVp5LhOa9W5yHaQqihPAy8DYkDAgngZ3JABWs5gHf/ns+T/eDGjQhrGp7a0vLK6tl7aKG9ube/s6nv7HRElHJM2jljEex4ShNGQtCWVjPRiTlDgMdL1JrezvHtPuKBRaMlpTJwAjULqU4ykGrn6dQvaNJRuyl0zG6izltk+Rzgd8izlg1oGr07rdkzhpOCsnLMUB4cWdPWKUTVywUVjFqYCCjVd/cUeRjgJSCgxQ0L0TSOWToq4pJiRrGwngsQIT9CI9JUNUUCEk+Z7ZvDYjziUYwLz+282RYEQ08BTTIDkWMxns+F/WT+R/qWT0jBOJAmxQlTmJwzKCM7qgkPKCZZsqgzCnKpfQjxGqiCpSi2r9c35ZRdNp1Y1z6tnrXqlcVMUUQKH4AicABNcgAa4A03QBhg8gmfwDj60B+1Je9XeftAlrXhzAP5I+/oGbXqi8w==</latexit>

Z r2 Z T2
dr
Q 2
= 4⇡k dT
r1 r T1

<latexit sha1_base64="qSvJJn8RMFIYFOPwfyu2GwpnYxg=">AAACG3icbVDLSgNBEJyNrxhfUY9eBoMQDwm7wddFCHrxGCExgWxYZsfeZMjsg5leISz5FP0ZPUn05sG/cRJzUGNBQ3VXDUyVn0ih0bY/rdzS8srqWn69sLG5tb1T3N2703GqOLR4LGPV8ZkGKSJooUAJnUQBC30JbX94PdXbD6C0iKMmjhLohawfiUBwhubkFS9u6eWJmwg6pMpzzNSoKyHAMnUDxXjW9JxK06uNM6NUjGNMXSX6Azz2iiW7as9AF4kzJyUyR8MrTtz7mKchRMgl07rr2An2MqZQcAnjgptqSBgfsj50DY1YCLqXzRKO6VEQK4oDoLP9pzdjodaj0DeekOFA/9Wmx/+0borBRS8TUZIiRNxYjBakkmJMp0XRe6GAoxwZwrgS5peUD5jpBE2dBRPf+Rt2kdzVqs5Z9fT2pFS/mheRJwfkkJSJQ85JndyQBmkRTp7IC3kj79aj9Wy9WpNva86av9knv2B9fAGYsJ6j</latexit>

✓ ◆
T1 T2
Q = 4⇡kr1 r2
r2 r1
III.- Hollow sphere
<latexit sha1_base64="t8JNsoyB8rjhruJgfX14SqSTS2c=">AAAB93icbZDJTsMwFEUdxlKmMOzYWFRIbIiSSgzLCjbtrkh0kNqoctyXxqoTR7YDClG/BVYI2PEf/AB/Q1qygJa7On73WnrvejFnStv2l7G0vLK6tl7aKG9ube/smnv7bSUSSaFFBRey6xEFnEXQ0kxz6MYSSOhx6Hjjm6nfuQepmIjudBqDG5JRxHxGic5HA/Ow0WhYZ7guOBcPWMUBSCgPzIpt2TPhRXAKqKBCzYH52R8KmoQQacqJUj3HjrWbEakZ5TAp9xMFMaFjMoJejhEJQbnZbPsJPvGFxDoAPHv/zmYkVCoNvTwTEh2oeW86/M/rJdq/cjMWxYmGiOaR3PMTjrXA0xLwkEmgmqc5ECpZviWmAZGE6ryq6fnO/LGL0K5azoV1flut1K6LIkroCB2jU+SgS1RDddRELUTRI3pGb+jdSI0n48V4/YkuGcWfA/RHxsc3R9SRjA==</latexit>

Thermal resistance
<latexit sha1_base64="8dBkpdz4/TNjVH2M+7SHqkYSWM8=">AAAB9nicbVDLTsMwEHR4lvIK9MjFokLiVCWVeBwruHAsUl9SG1WOu2ms2klkO4go6q/ACQE3PoQf4G9wSg7QMqfZnVnt7vgJZ0o7zpe1tr6xubVd2anu7u0fHNpHxz0Vp5JCl8Y8lgOfKOAsgq5mmsMgkUCEz6Hvz24Lvf8AUrE46ugsAU+QacQCRok2rbFd64QgBeFYgjLbSEShOrbrTsNZAK8StyR1VKI9tj9Hk5imAiJNOVFq6DqJ9nIiNaMc5tVRqiAhdEamMDQ0IgKUly+On+OzIJZYh4AX9W9vToRSmfCNRxAdqmWtaP6nDVMdXHs5i5JUQ0SNxWhByrGOcZEBnjAJVPPMEEIlM1diGhJJqDZJFe+7y8+ukl6z4V42Lu6b9dZNGUQFnaBTdI5cdIVa6A61URdRlKFn9IberUfryXqxXn+sa1Y5U0N/YH18AywYki4=</latexit>

T = RQ
<latexit sha1_base64="zSFoe7N2dNJ2qUnLAqbrFxfzM8c=">AAAB7HicbZDLSgMxFIYz9VbrrerSTbAIrsqMeNsIRV24bKU3mA4lk55pQzPJkGSEMvQtdCXqzqfxBXwb0zoLrf6rL+f/A+c/YcKZNq776RSWlldW14rrpY3Nre2d8u5eW8tUUWhRyaXqhkQDZwJahhkO3UQBiUMOnXB8M/M7D6A0k6JpJgkEMRkKFjFKjB35vVvghuDm1X2jX664VXcu/Be8HCooV71f/ugNJE1jEIZyorXvuYkJMqIMoxympV6qISF0TIbgWxQkBh1k85Wn+CiSCpsR4Pn7ZzYjsdaTOLSZmJiRXvRmw/88PzXRZZAxkaQGBLUR60Upx0biWXM8YAqo4RMLhCpmt8R0RBShxt6nZOt7i2X/Qvuk6p1Xzxqnldp1fogiOkCH6Bh56ALV0B2qoxaiSKIn9IreHOE8Os/Oy3e04OR/9tEvOe9fD6GOIQ==</latexit>

✓ ◆ <latexit sha1_base64="gSgx604dozRBTImux2jtjglO4a8=">AAACF3icbZBLSwMxFIUzvq2vqks3wSK4aZkppboRim5cKrS20BmGTHqnDc08SO4IZegP0T+jK1Fx49J/Y1q70NYDgS/3nEDuCVIpNNr2l7W0vLK6tr6xWdja3tndK+4f3OkkUxxaPJGJ6gRMgxQxtFCghE6qgEWBhHYwvJr47XtQWiRxE0cpeBHrxyIUnKEZ+cVa03fKTb964UoIseuGivFc+dWy8p1xXnNTQYfUsDnVsatEf4DerV8s2RV7KroIzgxKZKYbv/jh9hKeRRAjl0zrrmOn6OVMoeASxgU305AyPmR96BqMWQTay6fbjelJmCiKA6DT++9sziKtR1FgMhHDgZ73JsP/vG6G4bmXizjNEGJuIsYLM0kxoZOSaE8o4ChHBhhXwvyS8gEz1aCpsmDWd+aXXYS7asWpV+q3tVLjclbEBjkix+SUOOSMNMg1uSEtwskjeSZv5N16sJ6sF+v1J7pkzd4ckj+yPr8BwxWeYw==</latexit>


r2 r 1
<latexit sha1_base64="qSvJJn8RMFIYFOPwfyu2GwpnYxg=">AAACG3icbVDLSgNBEJyNrxhfUY9eBoMQDwm7wddFCHrxGCExgWxYZsfeZMjsg5leISz5FP0ZPUn05sG/cRJzUGNBQ3VXDUyVn0ih0bY/rdzS8srqWn69sLG5tb1T3N2703GqOLR4LGPV8ZkGKSJooUAJnUQBC30JbX94PdXbD6C0iKMmjhLohawfiUBwhubkFS9u6eWJmwg6pMpzzNSoKyHAMnUDxXjW9JxK06uNM6NUjGNMXSX6Azz2iiW7as9AF4kzJyUyR8MrTtz7mKchRMgl07rr2An2MqZQcAnjgptqSBgfsj50DY1YCLqXzRKO6VEQK4oDoLP9pzdjodaj0DeekOFA/9Wmx/+0borBRS8TUZIiRNxYjBakkmJMp0XRe6GAoxwZwrgS5peUD5jpBE2dBRPf+Rt2kdzVqs5Z9fT2pFS/mheRJwfkkJSJQ85JndyQBmkRTp7IC3kj79aj9Wy9WpNva86av9knv2B9fAGYsJ6j</latexit>

T1 T2
Q = 4⇡kr1 r2 T1 T2 = Q
r2 r1 4⇡kr1 r2

R
<latexit sha1_base64="iJBEDUpNGIUbjoZCMVInY0LrFPA=">AAAB4nicbZDLTsJAFIZP8YZ4Q126mUhMXJHWeFsS3bgEI5cEGjIdTmHCTNvMTE1Iwwvoyqg7H8kX8G0csAsF/9U35/8nOf8JEsG1cd0vp7Cyura+UdwsbW3v7O6V9w9aOk4VwyaLRaw6AdUoeIRNw43ATqKQykBgOxjfzvz2IyrN4+jBTBL0JR1GPOSMGjtq3PfLFbfqzkWWwcuhArnq/fJnbxCzVGJkmKBadz03MX5GleFM4LTUSzUmlI3pELsWIypR+9l80Sk5CWNFzAjJ/P07m1Gp9UQGNiOpGelFbzb8z+umJrz2Mx4lqcGI2Yj1wlQQE5NZXzLgCpkREwuUKW63JGxEFWXGXqVk63uLZZehdVb1LqsXjfNK7SY/RBGO4BhOwYMrqMEd1KEJDBCe4Q3enYHz5Lw4rz/RgpP/OYQ/cj6+AaXFinU=</latexit>

Thermal resistance
<latexit sha1_base64="8dBkpdz4/TNjVH2M+7SHqkYSWM8=">AAAB9nicbVDLTsMwEHR4lvIK9MjFokLiVCWVeBwruHAsUl9SG1WOu2ms2klkO4go6q/ACQE3PoQf4G9wSg7QMqfZnVnt7vgJZ0o7zpe1tr6xubVd2anu7u0fHNpHxz0Vp5JCl8Y8lgOfKOAsgq5mmsMgkUCEz6Hvz24Lvf8AUrE46ugsAU+QacQCRok2rbFd64QgBeFYgjLbSEShOrbrTsNZAK8StyR1VKI9tj9Hk5imAiJNOVFq6DqJ9nIiNaMc5tVRqiAhdEamMDQ0IgKUly+On+OzIJZYh4AX9W9vToRSmfCNRxAdqmWtaP6nDVMdXHs5i5JUQ0SNxWhByrGOcZEBnjAJVPPMEEIlM1diGhJJqDZJFe+7y8+ukl6z4V42Lu6b9dZNGUQFnaBTdI5cdIVa6A61URdRlKFn9IberUfryXqxXn+sa1Y5U0N/YH18AywYki4=</latexit>
III.- Hollow sphere
<latexit sha1_base64="t8JNsoyB8rjhruJgfX14SqSTS2c=">AAAB93icbZDJTsMwFEUdxlKmMOzYWFRIbIiSSgzLCjbtrkh0kNqoctyXxqoTR7YDClG/BVYI2PEf/AB/Q1qygJa7On73WnrvejFnStv2l7G0vLK6tl7aKG9ube/smnv7bSUSSaFFBRey6xEFnEXQ0kxz6MYSSOhx6Hjjm6nfuQepmIjudBqDG5JRxHxGic5HA/Ow0WhYZ7guOBcPWMUBSCgPzIpt2TPhRXAKqKBCzYH52R8KmoQQacqJUj3HjrWbEakZ5TAp9xMFMaFjMoJejhEJQbnZbPsJPvGFxDoAPHv/zmYkVCoNvTwTEh2oeW86/M/rJdq/cjMWxYmGiOaR3PMTjrXA0xLwkEmgmqc5ECpZviWmAZGE6ryq6fnO/LGL0K5azoV1flut1K6LIkroCB2jU+SgS1RDddRELUTRI3pGb+jdSI0n48V4/YkuGcWfA/RHxsc3R9SRjA==</latexit>

If the heat Q is steady, the temperature gradient


<latexit sha1_base64="JiGNj99IGFqOg7f+FRaMexFgP4Y=">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</latexit>

along the wall is constant:


<latexit sha1_base64="oL+tN7ZVw1Tl6tmUXERF/J7K7Xg=">AAACD3icbVDJSgNBFOxxjXGLevTSGAQPGmaC20UIevHgIYEsQmYMPZ03SZOehe43QhjyEfozehL1JvgD/o2dmINbneq9qgevyk+k0GjbH9bM7Nz8wmJuKb+8srq2XtjYbOo4VRwaPJaxuvaZBikiaKBACdeJAhb6Elr+4GKst25BaRFHdRwm4IWsF4lAcIZm1Sns184Oym4i6IBeUVdCgG2qbsrUDRTjWbc+yrpqRF0len30OoWiXbInoH+JMyVFMkW1U3h3uzFPQ4iQS6Z127ET9DKmUHAJo7ybakgYH7AetA2NWAjayyapRnQ3iBXFPtDJ/N2bsVDrYegbT8iwr39r4+V/WjvF4NTLRJSkCBE3FqMFqaQY03E5tCsUcJRDQxhXwnxJeZ+ZJtBUmDfxnd9h/5JmueQcl45qh8XK+bSIHNkmO2SPOOSEVMglqZIG4eSePJIX8mrdWQ/Wk/X8ZZ2xpjdb5Aest0/fyJtM</latexit>


dT
Q= 2⇡kL r2
dr

dT
<latexit sha1_base64="gZojosQA8SMxTzN6nsna7N9aTfA=">AAAB+XicbZDLSsNAFIZP6q3WW1Rw42awCK5KUrxthGI3Liv0IrQxTCaTdujkwsxEKDEPoytRd76GL+DbOK1ZaOu/+ub8/8A5v5dwJpVlfRmlpeWV1bXyemVjc2t7x9zd68o4FYR2SMxjcedhSTmLaEcxxeldIigOPU573rg59XsPVEgWR201SagT4mHEAkaw0iPXPEDivo4GgcAk89t55ov8qunarlm1atZMaBHsAqpQqOWanwM/JmlII0U4lrJvW4lyMiwUI5zmlUEqaYLJGA9pX2OEQyqdbLZ/jo6DWCA1omj2/p3NcCjlJPR0JsRqJOe96fA/r5+q4NLJWJSkikZER7QXpBypGE1rQD4TlCg+0YCJYHpLREZYt6B0WRV9vj1/7CJ06zX7vHZ2e1ptXBdFlOEQjuAEbLiABtxACzpA4BGe4Q3ejcx4Ml6M159oySj+7MMfGR/fl6GS7g==</latexit>

r2 = C1
dr
Z
<latexit sha1_base64="2MoEIAJFlC3VHSqc5OJysWmXC8o=">AAACDXicbVDLSsNAFJ3UV62vqEs3g0UQkZIUXxuh2I3LCn1Bk4bJZNIOnTyYmQgl5Bv0Z3Ql6s6NP+DfOKlZaOtZnXvPuXDPcWNGhTSML620tLyyulZer2xsbm3v6Lt7XRElHJMOjljE+y4ShNGQdCSVjPRjTlDgMtJzJ81c790TLmgUtuU0JnaARiH1KUZSrRz9xKKhhNYp9NrXTceE+eik3DGzIYeWzxFOPZ6lfFjPHL1q1IwZ4CIxC1IFBVqO/ml5EU4CEkrMkBAD04ilnSIuKWYkq1iJIDHCEzQiA0VDFBBhp7NMGTzyIw7lmMDZ/NubokCIaeAqT4DkWMxr+fI/bZBI/8pOaRgnkoRYWZTmJwzKCObVQI9ygiWbKoIwp+pLiMdIVSBVgRUV35wPu0i69Zp5UTu/O6s2booiyuAAHIJjYIJL0AC3oAU6AINH8AzewLv2oD1pL9rrj7WkFTf74A+0j28i/Zr1</latexit>

Z r
dr
dT = C1
r1 r2

1
<latexit sha1_base64="ijYQGJ9yDQAapvPRWs1XvZOkffg=">AAAB+3icbVDLSsNAFL2pr1pfUTeCm8EiVMSSFF8bodiNywp9QVvCZDpph04ezEyEEuLP6ErUnX/hD/g3TmsW2npW595zLtxz3IgzqSzry8gtLa+sruXXCxubW9s75u5eS4axILRJQh6Kjosl5SygTcUUp51IUOy7nLbdcW2qtx+okCwMGmoS0b6PhwHzGMFKrxzzoFESJzdnNcfueQKTxE4TkZ7WnIpjFq2yNQNaJHZGipCh7pifvUFIYp8GinAsZde2ItVPsFCMcJoWerGkESZjPKRdTQPsU9lPZglSdOyFAqkRRbP5tzfBvpQT39UeH6uRnNemy/+0bqy8637CgihWNCDaojUv5kiFaFoEGjBBieITTTARTH+JyAjrDpSuq6Dj2/NhF0mrUrYvyxf358XqbVZEHg7hCEpgwxVU4Q7q0AQCj/AMb/BupMaT8WK8/lhzRnazD39gfHwDCWuTGA==</latexit>

T (r) = C1 + C2
r
III.- Hollow sphere
<latexit sha1_base64="t8JNsoyB8rjhruJgfX14SqSTS2c=">AAAB93icbZDJTsMwFEUdxlKmMOzYWFRIbIiSSgzLCjbtrkh0kNqoctyXxqoTR7YDClG/BVYI2PEf/AB/Q1qygJa7On73WnrvejFnStv2l7G0vLK6tl7aKG9ube/smnv7bSUSSaFFBRey6xEFnEXQ0kxz6MYSSOhx6Hjjm6nfuQepmIjudBqDG5JRxHxGic5HA/Ow0WhYZ7guOBcPWMUBSCgPzIpt2TPhRXAKqKBCzYH52R8KmoQQacqJUj3HjrWbEakZ5TAp9xMFMaFjMoJejhEJQbnZbPsJPvGFxDoAPHv/zmYkVCoNvTwTEh2oeW86/M/rJdq/cjMWxYmGiOaR3PMTjrXA0xLwkEmgmqc5ECpZviWmAZGE6ryq6fnO/LGL0K5azoV1flut1K6LIkroCB2jU+SgS1RDddRELUTRI3pGb+jdSI0n48V4/YkuGcWfA/RHxsc3R9SRjA==</latexit>

Boundary conditions must be applied to determine the constants


<latexit sha1_base64="uAGaYzTTRc5K5s5PLaUIF5wgPas=">AAACInicbVDLThtBEJwlEMAhiQlHLiMspJysXaRAbljOJUeQ8EOyLat3to1HzGM104tkWf4b+BnIJUo4IPExzJo98OpTTVWNuqvSXElPcXwfrXxYXfu4vrFZ+7T1+cvX+va3rreFE9gRVlnXT8GjkgY7JElhP3cIOlXYSy9+lXrvEp2X1pzRLMeRhnMjJ1IABWpcP27bwmTgZlxYk8mS9FwXnniKHPJwAmacLM+Q0OmwhNMUS68nMORr43ojbsbL4W9BUoEGq+ZkXP8zzKwoNBoSCrwfJHFOozk4kkLhojYsPOYgLuAcBwEa0OhH82XQBd+fWFcdEN7PvXPQ3s90GjwaaOpfayX5njYoaPJzNJcmLwiNCJagTQpVZi774pl0KEjNAgDhQkGCiyk4EKGPZfzkddi3oHvQTA6bP04PGq12VcQG22V77DtL2BFrsd/shHWYYNfslv1nd9FVdBP9jf49WVei6s8OezHRwyPuHaRz</latexit>

1
<latexit sha1_base64="ijYQGJ9yDQAapvPRWs1XvZOkffg=">AAAB+3icbVDLSsNAFL2pr1pfUTeCm8EiVMSSFF8bodiNywp9QVvCZDpph04ezEyEEuLP6ErUnX/hD/g3TmsW2npW595zLtxz3IgzqSzry8gtLa+sruXXCxubW9s75u5eS4axILRJQh6Kjosl5SygTcUUp51IUOy7nLbdcW2qtx+okCwMGmoS0b6PhwHzGMFKrxzzoFESJzdnNcfueQKTxE4TkZ7WnIpjFq2yNQNaJHZGipCh7pifvUFIYp8GinAsZde2ItVPsFCMcJoWerGkESZjPKRdTQPsU9lPZglSdOyFAqkRRbP5tzfBvpQT39UeH6uRnNemy/+0bqy8637CgihWNCDaojUv5kiFaFoEGjBBieITTTARTH+JyAjrDpSuq6Dj2/NhF0mrUrYvyxf358XqbVZEHg7hCEpgwxVU4Q7q0AQCj/AMb/BupMaT8WK8/lhzRnazD39gfHwDCWuTGA==</latexit>

T (r) = C1 + C2
r
First condition
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At r = r1
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<latexit sha1_base64="Kb2RFKe738L3uUYVr3rvcmJl3yU=">AAAB6XicbZDLSsNAFIZP6q3WW9Wlm8Ei1E1JxNtGKLpxWaE3aEOZTE/aoZMLMxOhhD6ErkTd+Tq+gG/jNGahrf/qm/P/A+c/Xiy40rb9ZRVWVtfWN4qbpa3tnd298v5BW0WJZNhikYhk16MKBQ+xpbkW2I0l0sAT2PEmd3O/84hS8Shs6mmMbkBHIfc5o9qMus2qPL1pDpxBuWLX7ExkGZwcKpCrMSh/9ocRSwIMNRNUqZ5jx9pNqdScCZyV+onCmLIJHWHPYEgDVG6a7TsjJ34kiR4jyd6/sykNlJoGnskEVI/Vojcf/uf1Eu1fuykP40RjyEzEeH4iiI7IvDYZcolMi6kByiQ3WxI2ppIybY5TMvWdxbLL0D6rOZe1i4fzSv02P0QRjuAYquDAFdThHhrQAgYCnuEN3q2J9WS9WK8/0YKV/zmEP7I+vgGFSYyh</latexit>

T (r) = T1
r = r2 <latexit sha1_base64="w1Pw7SVyz+6D7dqpLn3MgBKUJDc=">AAAB5nicbZDLSsNAFIZP6q3WW9Wlm8EiuCpJ8bYRim5cVjBtoQ1lMj1phk4uzEyEEvoKuhJ15wP5Ar6N05qFtv6rb87/D5z/+KngStv2l1VaWV1b3yhvVra2d3b3qvsHbZVkkqHLEpHIrk8VCh6jq7kW2E0l0sgX2PHHtzO/84hS8SR+0JMUvYiOYh5wRrUZufJaDhqDas2u23ORZXAKqEGh1qD62R8mLIsw1kxQpXqOnWovp1JzJnBa6WcKU8rGdIQ9gzGNUHn5fNkpOQkSSXSIZP7+nc1ppNQk8k0mojpUi95s+J/Xy3Rw5eU8TjONMTMR4wWZIDohs85kyCUyLSYGKJPcbElYSCVl2lymYuo7i2WXod2oOxf18/uzWvOmOEQZjuAYTsGBS2jCHbTABQYcnuEN3q3QerJerNefaMkq/hzCH1kf30p4i/0=</latexit>
<latexit sha1_base64="ksHfo6IpY7X/jYSWzBq1H4YoEBE=">AAAB6XicbZDLTgIxFIbP4A3xhrp000hMcENmCF42JkQ3LjHhlsCEdMoZaOhc0nZMyISH0JVRd76OL+DbWHAWCv6rr+f/m5z/eLHgStv2l5VbW9/Y3MpvF3Z29/YPiodHbRUlkmGLRSKSXY8qFDzEluZaYDeWSANPYMeb3M39ziNKxaOwqacxugEdhdznjGoz6jbL8vymOagOiiW7Yi9EVsHJoASZGoPiZ38YsSTAUDNBleo5dqzdlErNmcBZoZ8ojCmb0BH2DIY0QOWmi31n5MyPJNFjJIv372xKA6WmgWcyAdVjtezNh/95vUT7127KwzjRGDITMZ6fCKIjMq9Nhlwi02JqgDLJzZaEjamkTJvjFEx9Z7nsKrSrFeeycvFQK9Vvs0Pk4QROoQwOXEEd7qEBLWAg4Bne4N2aWE/Wi/X6E81Z2Z9j+CPr4xuGx4yi</latexit>

T (r) = T2 Second condition


<latexit sha1_base64="qQGMr2QxnJEtvJCrULDiXyN95n8=">AAAB83icbVA7T8MwGHR4lvIKMLJYVEhMVVKJx1jBwlgEfUhtVDnul9aqY0e2U6mK+ktgQsDGP+EP8G9w2gzQcoN1vjtLvgsTzrTxvG9nbX1jc2u7tFPe3ds/OHSPjltapopCk0ouVSckGjgT0DTMcOgkCkgccmiH47vcb09AaSbFk5kmEMRkKFjEKDFW6rvuI1ApBjg/2EKqeFVvDrxK/IJUUIFG3/3qDSRNYxCGcqJ11/cSE2REGUY5zMq9VENC6JgMoWupIDHoIJv/fIbPI6mwGQGe339nMxJrPY1Dm4mJGellLxf/87qpiW6CjIkkNSCojVgvSjk2EucD4AFTQA2fWkKosp0ppiOiCDV2prKt7y+XXSWtWtW/ql4+1Cr122KIEjpFZ+gC+ega1dE9aqAmomiCXtA7+nBS59l5dd4W0TWneHOC/sD5/AFRr5Er</latexit>

1
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First condition
<latexit sha1_base64="g1lBVKfhbtTo1mWpNw38gvoZY+I=">AAAB8nicbVDLSgNBEJz1GeMjUY9eBoPgKewGfByDgniMYB6QLGF20psMmZ1dZnqFsORH9CTqzU/xB/wbJ8keNLFO1VXV0NVBIoVB1/121tY3Nre2CzvF3b39g1L58Khl4lRzaPJYxroTMANSKGiiQAmdRAOLAgntYHw789tPoI2I1SNOEvAjNlQiFJyhlfrl0p3QBimP1UAslIpbdeegq8TLSYXkaPTLX71BzNMIFHLJjOl6boJ+xjQKLmFa7KUGEsbHbAhdSxWLwPjZ/PApPQtjTXEEdD7/zmYsMmYSBTYTMRyZZW8m/ud1Uwyv/UyoJEVQ3EasF6aSYkxn/elAaOAoJ5Ywrm1nTvmIacbRfqlo63vLZVdJq1b1LqsXD7VK/SZ/RIGckFNyTjxyRerknjRIk3CSkhfyTj4cdJ6dV+dtEV1z8p1j8gfO5w+p6ZDN</latexit>

T (r)|r=r1 = C1 + C2
r1
1
<latexit sha1_base64="Sbr9e2XlHNMzuy5aPzCbRSBMpH8=">AAAB/XicbVDJSgNBFOyJW4xb1JteGoMgiGE6uF2EYC4eI2SDZBh6Om+SJj0L3T1CGIL+jJ5EvfkT/oB/YyfOQaN1qveqHrwqLxZcadv+tHILi0vLK/nVwtr6xuZWcXunpaJEMmiySESy41EFgofQ1FwL6MQSaOAJaHuj2lRv34FUPAobehyDE9BByH3OqDYrt7jXcMnVSc0luOdLylIySaVLJsc1t+IWS3bZngH/JSQjJZSh7hY/ev2IJQGEmgmqVJfYsXZSKjVnAiaFXqIgpmxEB9A1NKQBKCedZZjgQz+SWA8Bz+af3pQGSo0Dz3gCqodqXpsu/9O6ifYvnZSHcaIhZMZiND8RWEd4WgXucwlMi7EhlEluvsRsSE0L2hRWMPHJfNi/pFUpk/Py2e1pqXqdFZFH++gAHSGCLlAV3aA6aiKGHtATekVv1r31aD1bL9/WnJXd7KJfsN6/AB1zk6k=</latexit>

T1 = C1 + C2
r1
Second condition
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<latexit sha1_base64="M0IhALO0Qp7ROb/+fmadfNLYm0M=">AAACJXicbVBLS8NAGNz4tr6qHr0sFqEilkR8XYRSLx4VWhWaEDbrl3bp5sHuF6GE/B79MepJfJz8K25rDr7mNDszH+xMkEqh0bbfrYnJqemZ2bn5ysLi0vJKdXXtUieZ4tDhiUzUdcA0SBFDBwVKuE4VsCiQcBUMTkf+1S0oLZK4jcMUvIj1YhEKztBIfrXVrqvtk7bv7LihYjxX/l6Rq8KVEGK3lHaV7xQjZ0yoq0Svj169bQRzuO1Xa3bDHoP+JU5JaqTEuV99cG8SnkUQI5dM665jp+jlTKHgEoqKm2lIGR+wHnQNjVkE2svHXQu6FSaKYh/o+P09m7NI62EUmEzEsK9/eyPxP6+bYXjs5SJOM4SYm4jxwkxSTOhoMnojFHCUQ0MYV8L8kvI+M9OgGbZi6ju/y/4ll3sN57BxcLFfa7bKIebIBtkkdeKQI9IkZ+ScdAgn9+SJvJI36856tJ6tl6/ohFXerJMfsD4+AZDSo/k=</latexit>


r2 r r1
T (r) = T1 + (T2 T1 )
r r2 r1
1
<latexit sha1_base64="b0xgfFFfpUd5S9T2yvlpt22BZyI=">AAACFHicbVBLSwMxGMzWd32tevQSLEJFLLvF16Ug9uJRwarQLUs2ftuGZh8k3wpl7d/QP6MnUS/i3X9jWnvQ1jlNZibwzQSpFBod58sqTE3PzM7NLxQXl5ZXVu219SudZIpDgycyUTcB0yBFDA0UKOEmVcCiQMJ10K0P/Os7UFok8SX2UmhFrB2LUHCGRvJt15MQYoVeltWOp0S7g/d+rmrKr/Zre3XfpV6oGM/dfj6Qdut+1bdLTsUZgk4Sd0RKZIRz3/7wbhOeRRAjl0zrpuuk2MqZQsEl9ItepiFlvMva0DQ0ZhHoVj6s1qfbYaIodoAO37+zOYu07kWByUQMO3rcG4j/ec0Mw+NWLuI0Q4i5iRgvzCTFhA4WordCAUfZM4RxJcyVlHeYWQHNjkVT3x0vO0muqhX3sHJwsV86OR0NMU82yRYpE5cckRNyRs5Jg3DySJ7JG3m3Hqwn68V6/YkWrNGfDfIH1uc3Z1idFw==</latexit>

T (r)|r=r2 = C1 + C2
r2
Temperature decreases with radius
<latexit sha1_base64="vrJeVSNpSdAnTjch9m9uZYD9wCQ=">AAACBHicbVC7TsNAEDyHVwgvAyXNQYREFdmReJQRNJRByksKUXS+rONTzg/drUGRlRZ+BioEdHwBP8DfcAkuIGGq2Z1ZaWe8RAqNjvNlFZaWV1bXiuuljc2t7R17d6+l41RxaPJYxqrjMQ1SRNBEgRI6iQIWehLa3uhqqrfvQGkRRw0cJ9AL2TASvuAMzapvHzYgTEAxTBXQAXBzq0HTe4EBVWwgUt23y07FmYEuEjcnZZKj3rc/bwcxT0OIkEumddd1EuxlTKHgEial21RDwviIDaFraMRC0L1sFmVCj/1YUQyAzubf3oyFWo9Dz3hChoGe16bL/7Ruiv5FLxNRkiJE3FiM5qeSYkynjdCBUMBRjg1hXAnzJeUBU4yj6a1k4rvzYRdJq1pxzyqnN9Vy7TIvokgOyBE5IS45JzVyTeqkSTh5JM/kjbxbD9aT9WK9/lgLVn6zT/7A+vgGS4GYcw==</latexit>

1
<latexit sha1_base64="QAzeD0znAaU24ffyjRQBWTy71jE=">AAAB/XicbVDLSsNAFJ3UV62vqDvdDBZBEEsSfG2EYjcuK/QFbQiT6U07dPJgZiKUEPRndCXqzp/wB/wbp7ULrZ7VufecC/ccP+FMKsv6NAoLi0vLK8XV0tr6xuaWub3TknEqKDRpzGPR8YkEziJoKqY4dBIBJPQ5tP1RbaK370BIFkcNNU7ADckgYgGjROmVZ+41POfqpObZuBcIQjM7z4Tn5Mc1z/HMslWxpsB/iT0jZTRD3TM/ev2YpiFEinIiZde2EuVmRChGOeSlXiohIXREBtDVNCIhSDebZsjxYRALrIaAp/NPb0ZCKcehrz0hUUM5r02W/2ndVAWXbsaiJFUQUW3RWpByrGI8qQL3mQCq+FgTQgXTX2I6JLoFpQsr6fj2fNi/pOVU7PPK2e1puXo9K6KI9tEBOkI2ukBVdIPqqIkoekBP6BW9GffGo/FsvHxbC8bsZhf9gvH+BSCLk6s=</latexit>

T2 = C1 + C2
r2
I.- Flat Wall
<latexit sha1_base64="euqmWk6d90Y3FszDYecFcA2X11g=">AAAB7nicbZDLSsNAFIZP6q3WW9Wlm8EiuDEkBS/LoiC6q2Av0IYymZ60QycXZyZCCX0NXYm682F8Ad/Gac1CW//VN+f/B85//ERwpR3nyyosLa+srhXXSxubW9s75d29popTybDBYhHLtk8VCh5hQ3MtsJ1IpKEvsOWPrqZ+6xGl4nF0r8cJeiEdRDzgjGoz8m7tE3ItqCYtKkSvXHFsZyayCG4OFchV75U/u/2YpSFGmgmqVMd1Eu1lVGrOBE5K3VRhQtmIDrBjMKIhKi+bLT0hR0EsiR4imb1/ZzMaKjUOfZMJqR6qeW86/M/rpDq48DIeJanGiJmI8YJUEB2TaXfS5xKZFmMDlElutiRsSCVl2lyoZOq782UXoVm13TP79K5aqV3mhyjCARzCMbhwDjW4gTo0gMEDPMMbvFuJ9WS9WK8/0YKV/9mHP7I+vgHrUY6U</latexit>

<latexit sha1_base64="it4QQ9LvoDUfz6BdfEoRcHIVD0k=">AAACBnicbVC7TsNAEDzzJrwClDQnIiQoiGzEq0Hi0VBQJFISkGIrOh/r+JTzQ3drpMhyDz8DFQI6PoAf4G+4hBQQmGp2Z1baGT+VQqNtf1oTk1PTM7Nz86WFxaXllfLqWksnmeLQ5IlM1I3PNEgRQxMFSrhJFbDIl3Dt9y4G+vUdKC2SuIH9FLyIdWMRCM7QrDrlSv2kd+ZKCHDbDRTjeaMT7jY6vMivCuoq0Q1xx7jsqj0E/UucEamQEWqd8od7m/Asghi5ZFq3HTtFL2cKBZdQlNxMQ8p4j3WhbWjMItBePgxT0K0gURRDoMP5pzdnkdb9yDeeiGGox7XB8j+tnWFw7OUiTjOEmBuL0YJMUkzooBN6KxRwlH1DGFfCfEl5yEwbaJormfjOeNi/pLVXdQ6rB/X9yun5qIg5skE2yTZxyBE5JZekRpqEkwfyRF7Jm3VvPVrP1su3dcIa3ayTX7DevwBp+phm</latexit>

✓ ◆ ✓ ◆
Th Tc L
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<latexit sha1_base64="tlfKhm+dQK8qxDcfdVuPVdTaPdA=">AAACDHicbVDJSgNBFOyJe9yiHr00BiFBDDPB7SIEvXjwECFRIROGns6bpEnPQvcbMQz5Bf0ZPYl68+QP+Dd2Yg5udaquqoZX5SdSaLTtDys3NT0zOze/kF9cWl5ZLaytX+o4VRyaPJaxuvaZBikiaKJACdeJAhb6Eq78/unIv7oBpUUcNXCQQDtk3UgEgjM0klcoN0q35eOG5+y4EgIsuYFiPGt41V2jDbPzIXWV6PawfOsVinbFHoP+Jc6EFMkEda/w7nZinoYQIZdM65ZjJ9jOmELBJQzzbqohYbzPutAyNGIh6HY2rjSk20GsKPaAjt/fsxkLtR6EvsmEDHv6tzcS//NaKQZH7UxESYoQcRMxXpBKijEdLUM7QgFHOTCEcSXMlZT3mJkDzX55U9/5XfYvuaxWnIPK/sVesXYyGWKebJItUiIOOSQ1ckbqpEk4uSeP5IW8WnfWg/VkPX9Fc9bkzwb5AevtE1qnmeE=</latexit>

R= T2 T1
Q = kA T (x) = T1 + x
L kA L

II.- Hollow cylinder


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<latexit sha1_base64="NdXo+MCr+ra1wdfG875bAtd+lHk=">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</latexit>

2 3
<latexit sha1_base64="CQABYQG1G+442J9Q5F1yVrdcUw8=">AAACFXicbVC7SgNBFJ31GeMramkzGARtwm6QaCMEbSwsohgVsmGZndzNDpl9MHNXCMt+h/6MVqIWgrV/4ySmUOMphnPvORfmHD+VQqNtf1ozs3PzC4ulpfLyyuraemVj81onmeLQ5olM1K3PNEgRQxsFSrhNFbDIl3DjD05H+s0dKC2S+AqHKXQj1o9FIDhDs/Iq9ctjN1CM566MXQkB7n2PyqsX5nEKV4l+iPtFXndTQQf0vPAqVbtmj0GniTMhVTJBy6u8u72EZxHEyCXTuuPYKXZzplBwCUXZzTSkjA9YHzqGxiwC3c3H2Qq6GySKYgh0PP/05izSehj5xhMxDPVfbbT8T+tkGBx1cxGnGULMjcVoQSYpJnRUEe0JBRzl0BDGlTC/pDxkphU0RZZNfOdv2GlyXa85jVrj4qDaPJkUUSLbZIfsEYcckiY5Iy3SJpw8kCfySt6se+vRerZevq0z1uRmi/yC9fEFnr2fCQ==</latexit>

⇣ ⌘ ✓ ◆
T1 T2 6 T2 T1 7
<latexit sha1_base64="K3s9dZ0ks1Qjcc4lfz/7t/QMv1o=">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</latexit>

r2 r
ln
Q = 2⇡kL ✓ ◆ r1 T (r) = T1 + 6 7
4 ✓ r2 ◆ 5 ln
r2 R= r1
ln 2⇡kL ln
r1 r1

III.- Hollow sphere


<latexit sha1_base64="t8JNsoyB8rjhruJgfX14SqSTS2c=">AAAB93icbZDJTsMwFEUdxlKmMOzYWFRIbIiSSgzLCjbtrkh0kNqoctyXxqoTR7YDClG/BVYI2PEf/AB/Q1qygJa7On73WnrvejFnStv2l7G0vLK6tl7aKG9ube/smnv7bSUSSaFFBRey6xEFnEXQ0kxz6MYSSOhx6Hjjm6nfuQepmIjudBqDG5JRxHxGic5HA/Ow0WhYZ7guOBcPWMUBSCgPzIpt2TPhRXAKqKBCzYH52R8KmoQQacqJUj3HjrWbEakZ5TAp9xMFMaFjMoJejhEJQbnZbPsJPvGFxDoAPHv/zmYkVCoNvTwTEh2oeW86/M/rJdq/cjMWxYmGiOaR3PMTjrXA0xLwkEmgmqc5ECpZviWmAZGE6ryq6fnO/LGL0K5azoV1flut1K6LIkroCB2jU+SgS1RDddRELUTRI3pGb+jdSI0n48V4/YkuGcWfA/RHxsc3R9SRjA==</latexit>

✓ ◆ 
<latexit sha1_base64="M0IhALO0Qp7ROb/+fmadfNLYm0M=">AAACJXicbVBLS8NAGNz4tr6qHr0sFqEilkR8XYRSLx4VWhWaEDbrl3bp5sHuF6GE/B79MepJfJz8K25rDr7mNDszH+xMkEqh0bbfrYnJqemZ2bn5ysLi0vJKdXXtUieZ4tDhiUzUdcA0SBFDBwVKuE4VsCiQcBUMTkf+1S0oLZK4jcMUvIj1YhEKztBIfrXVrqvtk7bv7LihYjxX/l6Rq8KVEGK3lHaV7xQjZ0yoq0Svj169bQRzuO1Xa3bDHoP+JU5JaqTEuV99cG8SnkUQI5dM665jp+jlTKHgEoqKm2lIGR+wHnQNjVkE2svHXQu6FSaKYh/o+P09m7NI62EUmEzEsK9/eyPxP6+bYXjs5SJOM4SYm4jxwkxSTOhoMnojFHCUQ0MYV8L8kvI+M9OgGbZi6ju/y/4ll3sN57BxcLFfa7bKIebIBtkkdeKQI9IkZ+ScdAgn9+SJvJI36856tJ6tl6/ohFXerJMfsD4+AZDSo/k=</latexit>

r2 r r1
<latexit sha1_base64="qSvJJn8RMFIYFOPwfyu2GwpnYxg=">AAACG3icbVDLSgNBEJyNrxhfUY9eBoMQDwm7wddFCHrxGCExgWxYZsfeZMjsg5leISz5FP0ZPUn05sG/cRJzUGNBQ3VXDUyVn0ih0bY/rdzS8srqWn69sLG5tb1T3N2703GqOLR4LGPV8ZkGKSJooUAJnUQBC30JbX94PdXbD6C0iKMmjhLohawfiUBwhubkFS9u6eWJmwg6pMpzzNSoKyHAMnUDxXjW9JxK06uNM6NUjGNMXSX6Azz2iiW7as9AF4kzJyUyR8MrTtz7mKchRMgl07rr2An2MqZQcAnjgptqSBgfsj50DY1YCLqXzRKO6VEQK4oDoLP9pzdjodaj0DeekOFA/9Wmx/+0borBRS8TUZIiRNxYjBakkmJMp0XRe6GAoxwZwrgS5peUD5jpBE2dBRPf+Rt2kdzVqs5Z9fT2pFS/mheRJwfkkJSJQ85JndyQBmkRTp7IC3kj79aj9Wy9WpNva86av9knv2B9fAGYsJ6j</latexit>

T1 T2 <latexit sha1_base64="2ZwQNS1oc9CmNGgap2swM8sJQkc=">AAACA3icbZDLSgMxGIUzXmu9jbp0EyyCG8tMKdWNUHTjsoq9QGcYMuk/bWjmQpIRyjBLfRldibrzDXwB38a0zkJbDwS+/OcE8h8/4Uwqy/oylpZXVtfWSxvlza3tnV1zb78j41RQaNOYx6LnEwmcRdBWTHHoJQJI6HPo+uOrqd+9ByFZHN2pSQJuSIYRCxglSo88E99eOIEgNBNe7VR4dp7VnYThMdasTy33zIpVtWbCi2AXUEGFWp756QximoYQKcqJlH3bSpSbEaEY5ZCXnVRCQuiYDKGvMSIhSDebbZLj4yAWWI0Az+6/sxkJpZyEvs6ERI3kvDcd/uf1UxWcuxmLklRBRHVEe0HKsYrxtBA8YAKo4hMNhAqmf4npiOhKlK6trNe355ddhE6tajeqjZt6pXlZFFFCh+gInSAbnaEmukYt1EYUPaJn9IbejQfjyXgxXn+iS0bx5gD9kfHxDQtXlm0=</latexit>

r 2 r1 T (r) = T1 + (T2 T1 )
Q = 4⇡kr1 r2 R= r r2 r1
r2 r1 4⇡kr1 r2
APPENDIX
<latexit sha1_base64="uSe+L5A0R6KyHFHKNODsyudULwo=">AAAB6XicbZDLSsNAFIZPvNZ6q7p0M1gEVyUpeFnWG+hGItg20IYymZ62QycXZiZCCX0IXYm683V8Ad/Gac1CW//VN+f/B85/gkRwpW37y1pYXFpeWS2sFdc3Nre2Szu7DRWnkmGdxSKWXkAVCh5hXXMt0Esk0jAQ2AyGlxO/+YhS8Th60KME/ZD2I97jjGoz8s5d9/ru6tbrlMp2xZ6KzIOTQxlyuZ3SZ7sbszTESDNBlWo5dqL9jErNmcBxsZ0qTCgb0j62DEY0ROVn033H5LAXS6IHSKbv39mMhkqNwsBkQqoHatabDP/zWqnunfkZj5JUY8RMxHi9VBAdk0lt0uUSmRYjA5RJbrYkbEAlZdocp2jqO7Nl56FRrTgnleP7arl2kR+iAPtwAEfgwCnU4AZcqAMDAc/wBu/W0HqyXqzXn+iClf/Zgz+yPr4BthWMwA==</latexit>

For each layer the thermal resistance is simply added


<latexit sha1_base64="LNhHSh5yWSh1ff8TvcZk2pOoP6M=">AAACGHicbVDLSgMxFM3UV62vUZdugkVwVWYKVZdFQVxWsK3QDuVO5rYNTWaGJCOU0h/Rn9GV+Fi5829MHwttPRA4uedcOOeGqeDaeN63k1tZXVvfyG8WtrZ3dvfc/YOGTjLFsM4Skaj7EDQKHmPdcCPwPlUIMhTYDAdXE735gErzJL4zwxQDCb2YdzkDY0cdt3KdKIrA+lTAEBU1fZw8JUFQhdoGgJgh5ZpqLlMxpBBFGHXcolfypqDLxJ+TIpmj1nE/21HCMomxYQK0bvleaoIRKMOZwHGhnWlMgQ2ghy1LY5Cog9G03piedJNZsOn/t3cEUuuhDK1HgunrRW0y/E9rZaZ7EYx4nGYGY2YtVutmgpqETq5EI66QGVs34sAUtykp64MCZuwtC7a+v1h2mTTKJf+sVLktF6uX80PkyRE5JqfEJ+ekSm5IjdQJI0/khbyTD+fReXZenbeZNefMdw7JHzhfP2+zn/o=</latexit>
Heat flow through two media with di↵erent thickness
<latexit sha1_base64="y1y3PzTN6oixV1SukDqnq0knA5Q=">AAACM3icbVDLThtBEJwlCThLQpzkyGWEFYmTtYsUyBGRi49GwoBkLKt3ttc78jxWM722LIvPgq/ID0TJKQrc8g/MOj4kQJ2qu2o0XZVVSnpKku/RxouXrza3Wq/j7Tdvd961338497Z2AgfCKusuM/CopMEBSVJ4WTkEnSm8yKZfG/1ihs5La85oUeFIw8TIQgqgsBq3+z0E4oWyc06ls/Wk5DS3XGMugc8llTyXRYEODQWDFFOD3scxB5OHGZ0GxYU1eS1IziQt4nG7k3STFfhTkq5Jh63RH7e/XeVW1Dr8IBR4P0yTikZLcCSFwuv4qvZYgZjCBIeBGtDoR8tV8mv+qbCuuYOv5n+9S9DeL3QWPBqo9I+1ZvmcNqyp+DJaSlPVhEYES9CKWnGyvCkw9OFQkFoEAsLJcCUXJTgQFGpu4qePwz4l5wfd9LD7+fSgc3yyLqLFdtke22cpO2LHrMf6bMAEu2U/2R27j26iH9Gv6Pdf60a0fvOR/YfozwOoxarf</latexit>

and thermal conductivity

k1 k2

P1 = P2
<latexit sha1_base64="GhSPC2wBTis1F8aFBXIkYvkbVjk=">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</latexit>

Q ✓ ◆ ✓ ◆
Th T T Tc
k1 A = k2 A
L1 L2
Th Tc L 2 k 1 Th L 2 k 1 T = L 1 k 2 T L 1 k 2 Tc
L 2 k 1 Th + L 1 k 2 Tc = L1 k2 T + L2 k1 T
L 2 k 1 Th + L 1 k 2 Tc = (L1 k2 + L2 k1 )T

L1 L2
Solving for T of this last expression
<latexit sha1_base64="ozUjVV7lX0M/uQQ3RIuT7MRqeEs=">AAACC3icbVC7TsNAEDyHVwgvAyXNiYBEFdmReJQRNJRBEEBKouh8rJMTZ591t46IrHwC/AxUCOjo+AH+hnNwAYStZndmVzsTJFIY9LxPpzQzOze/UF6sLC2vrK656xuXRqWaQ4srqfR1wAxIEUMLBUq4TjSwKJBwFdye5PzVELQRKr7AUQLdiPVjEQrO0I567t65kkMR92moNN252KEqpDgQhkpmkMKdPWby5UrPrXo1b1J0GvgFqJKimj33o3OjeBpBjNweM23fS7CbMY2CSxhXOqmBhPFb1oe2hTGLwHSziaMx3c3fwQHQSf9Tm7HImFEUWE3EcGD+cvnwP66dYnjUzUScpAgxtxLLhamkqGgeDL0RGjjKkQWMa2G/pHzANONo48vt+3/NToPLes0/qO2f1auN4yKIMtki22SP+OSQNMgpaZIW4eSBPJFX8ubcO4/Os/PyLS05xc4m+VXO+xdtJZn4</latexit>

L 2 k 1 Th + L 1 k 2 Tc
<latexit sha1_base64="FQLcsczsqaAABib94+MK3czaSrw=">AAACEHicbZDLSgMxGIUzXmu9jbp0EyyCUCwzxdtGKLpx0UWF6QXaEjJppg2TuZBkhDLMS+jL6ErUnfgCvo1pOwtt/Vdf/nMC/zluzJlUlvVtLC2vrK6tFzaKm1vbO7vm3n5LRokgtEkiHomOiyXlLKRNxRSnnVhQHLictl3/dqK3H6iQLAodNY5pP8DDkHmMYKVXyDx1rnuewCSto6qPbAeNynVk+6jqIJKlM4TlmZhBZJasijUduAh2DiWQTwOZX71BRJKAhopwLGXXtmLVT7FQjHCaFXuJpDEmPh7SrsYQB1T202msDB57kYBqROH0/dub4kDKceBqT4DVSM5rk+V/WjdR3lU/ZWGcKBoSbdGal3CoIjhpBw6YoETxsQZMBNNXQjLCuh+lOyzq+PZ82EVoVSv2ReX8/qxUu8mLKIBDcAROgA0uQQ3cgQZoAgKewAt4Bx/Go/FsvBpvM+uSkf85AH/G+PwBJlCarA==</latexit>

The power flow must be the same in both media


<latexit sha1_base64="r1YUyqIPXkf+uoVT8FS/Lpx2txg=">AAACXnicbVFNT9wwEHVCy0co3VAuSL2MukLqaZUg0XJEcOkRJBaQltXKcSa7Fv6I7AloFfEP+QPc6D+pE/bQQuf0/N7zeOa5qJX0lGXPUbz24eP6xuZWsv1p5/Mg3f1y5W3jBI6FVdbdFNyjkgbHJEnhTe2Q60LhdXF31unX9+i8tOaSljVONZ8bWUnBKVCztL1cINT2AR1Uyj6AbjxBgUCB9lwjSAOFpQVoLCVPEvDSCAQ06OZLkB6ENR7dPZbATdkR1qhl30uaOSRJ5awOXHelBLJ949AP3SiZpcNslPUF70G+AkO2qvNZ+nRbWtFoNCQU936SZzVNW+5ICoWPyW3jsebijs9xEqAJ8/tp24f0CAeVdf3r/flvb8u190tdBI/mtPBvtY78nzZpqDqettLUDaERwRK0qlH9miFrKKVDQSGOEJ1wMkwJYsEdFxR+pFs/f7vse3B1OMp/jI4uDocnp6sgNtlX9o19Zzn7yU7YL3bOxkyw39FGlEa70Uu8Hu/Eg1drHK3u7LF/Kt7/A6nXstk=</latexit>

T =
since energy is conserved and is only flowing L1 k2 + L2 k1
from one end to the other.
L 2 k 1 Th + L 1 k 2 Tc
<latexit sha1_base64="FQLcsczsqaAABib94+MK3czaSrw=">AAACEHicbZDLSgMxGIUzXmu9jbp0EyyCUCwzxdtGKLpx0UWF6QXaEjJppg2TuZBkhDLMS+jL6ErUnfgCvo1pOwtt/Vdf/nMC/zluzJlUlvVtLC2vrK6tFzaKm1vbO7vm3n5LRokgtEkiHomOiyXlLKRNxRSnnVhQHLictl3/dqK3H6iQLAodNY5pP8DDkHmMYKVXyDx1rnuewCSto6qPbAeNynVk+6jqIJKlM4TlmZhBZJasijUduAh2DiWQTwOZX71BRJKAhopwLGXXtmLVT7FQjHCaFXuJpDEmPh7SrsYQB1T202msDB57kYBqROH0/dub4kDKceBqT4DVSM5rk+V/WjdR3lU/ZWGcKBoSbdGal3CoIjhpBw6YoETxsQZMBNNXQjLCuh+lOyzq+PZ82EVoVSv2ReX8/qxUu8mLKIBDcAROgA0uQQ3cgQZoAgKewAt4Bx/Go/FsvBpvM+uSkf85AH/G+PwBJlCarA==</latexit>

T =
L1 k2 + L2 k1
k1 k2
Substituting this temperature in P1 or in P2
<latexit sha1_base64="pbTatDghdP/VQHcvOir+J5cX/I8=">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</latexit>

and simplifying, we obtain


Q <latexit sha1_base64="p5RsigeZ2fPqacAdueBiXBuwnxs=">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</latexit>

(Th Tc )
P =
L1 L2
+
Th Tc Ak1 Ak2

Where
<latexit sha1_base64="HYiuqM3aa0O2lUJZ95ubyDQFOFU=">AAAB5nicbZDLSsNAFIZP6q3WW9Wlm8EiuCpJwcuy6MZlBdMW2lAm05Nm6OTCzEQooa+gK1F3PpAv4Ns4jVlo67/65vz/wPmPnwqutG1/WZW19Y3Nrep2bWd3b/+gfnjUVUkmGbosEYns+1Sh4DG6mmuB/VQijXyBPX96u/B7jygVT+IHPUvRi+gk5gFnVJuR2wtR4qjesJt2IbIKTgkNKNUZ1T+H44RlEcaaCarUwLFT7eVUas4EzmvDTGFK2ZROcGAwphEqLy+WnZOzIJFEh0iK9+9sTiOlZpFvMhHVoVr2FsP/vEGmg2sv53GaaYyZiRgvyATRCVl0JmMukWkxM0CZ5GZLwkIqKdPmMjVT31kuuwrdVtO5bF7ctxrtm/IQVTiBUzgHB66gDXfQARcYcHiGN3i3QuvJerFef6IVq/xzDH9kfXwDttSMRA==</latexit>

Li
<latexit sha1_base64="7CB3Dkx2q2TSeOViXVPxTwocRDk=">AAAB+HicbZC7SgNBFIbPxluMt1WxshkMglXYFW+NELWxsIhiLpCEZXZyNhkye2FmVohL3kUrUTufwxfwbZzEFJr4V9+c/x845/cTwZV2nC8rNze/sLiUXy6srK6tb9ibWzUVp5JhlcUilg2fKhQ8wqrmWmAjkUhDX2Dd71+N/PoDSsXj6F4PEmyHtBvxgDOqzcizd+48ft4KJGXZjceH2QXpe+7Qs4tOyRmLzII7gSJMVPHsz1YnZmmIkWaCKtV0nUS3Myo1ZwKHhVaqMKGsT7vYNBjREFU7G68/JPtBLInuIRm/f2czGio1CH2TCanuqWlvNPzPa6Y6OGtnPEpSjREzEeMFqSA6JqMWSIdLZFoMDFAmudmSsB41LWjTVcGc704fOwu1w5J7Ujq+PSqWLydF5GEX9uAAXDiFMlxDBarAIINneIN369F6sl6s159ozpr82YY/sj6+AUuCkss=</latexit>

Ri = Thermal resistance
<latexit sha1_base64="8dBkpdz4/TNjVH2M+7SHqkYSWM8=">AAAB9nicbVDLTsMwEHR4lvIK9MjFokLiVCWVeBwruHAsUl9SG1WOu2ms2klkO4go6q/ACQE3PoQf4G9wSg7QMqfZnVnt7vgJZ0o7zpe1tr6xubVd2anu7u0fHNpHxz0Vp5JCl8Y8lgOfKOAsgq5mmsMgkUCEz6Hvz24Lvf8AUrE46ugsAU+QacQCRok2rbFd64QgBeFYgjLbSEShOrbrTsNZAK8StyR1VKI9tj9Hk5imAiJNOVFq6DqJ9nIiNaMc5tVRqiAhdEamMDQ0IgKUly+On+OzIJZYh4AX9W9vToRSmfCNRxAdqmWtaP6nDVMdXHs5i5JUQ0SNxWhByrGOcZEBnjAJVPPMEEIlM1diGhJJqDZJFe+7y8+ukl6z4V42Lu6b9dZNGUQFnaBTdI5cdIVa6A61URdRlKFn9IberUfryXqxXn+sa1Y5U0N/YH18AywYki4=</latexit>

Ak1
L1 L2
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(Th Tc )
P =
R 1 + R2

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(Th Tc )
Generalizing for n walls
<latexit sha1_base64="yB8++OtGE0VgVHUx4n46jCoNeB0=">AAAB/nicbVDLTgIxFO3gC/E16pJNI5i4IjMkPpZEF7rERB4JTEin3IGGTmfSdjRISPRndGXUnR/hD/g3dnAWCp7Vufecm/YcP+ZMacf5snJLyyura/n1wsbm1vaOvbvXVFEiKTRoxCPZ9okCzgQ0NNMc2rEEEvocWv7oItVbtyAVi8SNHsfghWQgWMAo0WbVs4uXIEASzu6ZGOAgkrgsyviOcK4KPbvkVJwZ8CJxM1JCGeo9+7Pbj2gSgtCUE6U6rhNrb0KkZpTDtNBNFMSEjsgAOoYKEoLyJrMQU3yYPq6HgGfzb++EhEqNQ994QqKHal5Ll/9pnUQHZ96EiTjRIKixGC1IONYRTrvAfSaBaj42hFDJzC8xHRJJqDaNpfHd+bCLpFmtuCeV4+tqqXaeFZFHRXSAjpCLTlENXaE6aiCKHtEzekPv1oP1ZL1Yrz/WnJXd7KM/sD6+AfIQlL8=</latexit>

P = P
i Ri

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