Gas

Dr. Widya Ernayati K., S.Si., M.Si.

➢ describe the physical properties of gases.
➢ identify several gaseous compounds or classes of compounds that are important in urban air
pollution.
➢ use the ideal gas law for calculating changes in the conditions of a gas.
➢ use the concept of partial pressure to work with mixtures of gases.
➢ perform stoichiometric calculations for reactions involving gases as reactants or products.
➢ identify conditions under which gases might not behave ideally.
➢ use the van der Waals equation to perform calculations for gases under nonideal conditions.
Gas Properties

 Gases expand to fill the volume of any container.

 Gases have much lower densities than solids or
liquids.
 Gases have highly variable densities, depending on
the conditions.
 Gases mix with one another readily and thoroughly.
 Gases change volume dramatically with changing
temperature.
Perhitungan gas

Tekanan (P)

PV = nRT

P : tekanan
V : volume
n : mol
R : gas constant (0,082 L.atm/K mol)
T : temperature (Kelvin)
Pengukuran dan Satuan Tekanan

 Barometer Toricelli
 Satuan mmHg atau Torr
Hukum Gas - Boyle
 Robert Boyle studied the relationship between gas pressure and volume and noted that
for any gas sample, when pressure increases, volume decreases, or when volume
increases, pressure decreases.
 Thus Boyle’s law states that at constant temperature, pressure and volume are inversely
proportional
Hukum Gas - Charles

 Jacques Charles first investigated the relationship between temperature and volume
 At constant pressure, the volume of a fixed mass of any gas is directly proportional to the
absolute temperature in degrees Kelvin.
 Hukum Gay Lussac

 At constant volume, the pressure of a fixed mass of any gas is directly proportional to
the absolute temperature in degrees Kelvin
Hukum Gas Boyle-Charles-Gay Lussac

 This gives a relationship between pressure, volume, and temperature for a fixed amount
of any gas expressed as a single equation called the combined gas law
 The ratio between the pressure-volume product and the absolute temperature of a fixed
mass of gas measured in Kelvin remains constant
Hukum Gas - Avogadro

 Avogadro’s law states that the volume of a gas is proportional to the number of
molecules (or moles) of gas present
 Amedeo Avogadro in 1811. He stated that; “…equal volumes of gases at the same
temperature and pressure contain the same number of molecules regardless of their
chemical nature and physical properties.

O2 N2 CO2
Hukum Gas Ideal

 The product of the pressure and the volume of an ideal gas is equal to the product of the
absolute temperature of the gas, the amount of the gas, and the universal gas constant.
 ideal gas is a theoretical gas composed of many randomly moving point size particles
that do not interact with each other except when they collide elastically.

P : tekanan (atm) m: massa (g)

V: volume (L) M : massa molar (g/mol)
n : mol (mol) ρ : densitas gas (g/L)
R : tetapan gas (L.atm/K.mol)
T : temperature (K)
Tekanan parsial (Hukum Dalton)
5 atm
Udara
 in a mixture of ideal gases, each gas has a partial pressure N2,
O2,
 Partial pressure is the pressure the gas would exert if it alone occupied the same
CO2,
volume as the mixture at the same temperature H2O,
 The total pressure of a mixture of ideal gases is the sum of the partial pressures of eachHe, Ar
individual gas in the mixture
PN2 + PO2 + PCO2 + PH2O +
Phe + Par = 5 atm
 Hukum Dalton: The total pressure of a mixture of gases equals the sum of the
pressures that each would exert if it were present alone.

XN2 + XO2 + XCO2 +

XA = fraksi mol A
XH2O + Xhe + Xar = 1
Reaksi Stoikiometri Gas

: molar mass x NA
Mass Mol Particle number
x molar mass : NA

PV = nRT

Volume

 Kondisi Standard Temperature and Presure (STP)

Gas Non-ideal (Real gas)
Persamaan Gas Non-ideal

 Persamaan van der Waals

a, b : tetapan van der Waals

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