Republic of the Philippines

UNIVERSITY OF RIZAL SYSTEM

Graduate Studies
Antipolo City

EM-205 EDUCATIONAL PLANNING

Written Work # 1:

Directions: Comprehensively answer the following questions based from the

different topic/s discussed in our class.

1. Enumerate and briefly explain the nature and characteristics of planning?

(15 pts.)

Nature and characteristics of planning:

1. Intellectual Process – it involves mental exercise, intuition, imagination,
fore sighting, and accurate judgment are essential to leaders or planners to
be able to have a comprehensive plan. Everything must be process
intelligent to avoid errors.

2. Goal-Orientation – plans must be goal oriented or have a specific

purpose or objectives, planning is not an aimless target but it is to be
bounded with goals to be able to succeed.

3. Primary Function – planning is the foundation of every management may

it be in business or schools.

4. Pervasiveness – planning occurs at all levels of management it may be in

business, education or in any organization. Planning is not restricted to top
level managers or head of teachers only but planning is done by every
individual in the organization.

5. Uniformity – While there may be separate plans at different levels of the

organization, they must be integrated to form a cohesive and
 comprehensive plan that ensures the unity of purpose and consistency in
action throughout the organization.

6. Continuity – Planning is an ongoing and continuous process that ensures

the smooth and continuous function of an organization.

7. Flexibility - Plans should be adaptable to any circumstances and

unforeseen situations. Flexibility allows organization to respond to the sudden
changes in the environment and can easily adopt.

8. Simplicity – plans should be clear, straightforward and can be easily

understand no matter what positions a person in an organization.

9. Precision – plans should be SMART, specific, measurable, achievable,

relevant, and time-bound. It must have a clear vision and objectives.

10. Feasibility – plans should be realistic and came from different a

thorough investigations and studies for it to succeed.

11. Choice among Alternative Courses - Planning involves evaluating and

selecting the most suitable course of action from various alternatives.
It helps in maximizing efficiency and effectiveness by choosing the best
possible approach. There is not only one way but take consideration all the
possibility.

12. Forecasting – the practice of predicting what will happen in the future by
taking into consideration events in the past and present. It is decision-
making tool that helps organization to cope with the impact of the future's
uncertainty by examining historical data and trends.

2. How does the Educational Planning can be utilized as basis for evaluation
and assessment of the performance of an Educational System? (10 pts.)

The utilization of educational planning in evaluating and assessing

performance in education system can be made by: a.

Educational planning serves as a critical foundation for evaluating and

assessing the performance of an educational system by providing a
structured framework for setting goals, designing interventions, and
allocating resources. Firstly, the goals and objectives established during the
 planning process serve as benchmarks against which the performance of
the educational system can be measured. By comparing actual outcomes to
planned targets, stakeholders can assess whether the system is meeting its
intended objectives or falling short in certain areas. Additionally, the
strategies and initiatives developed through educational planning guide the
implementation of programs and policies within the education system.
Through systematic evaluation, stakeholders can determine the
effectiveness of these interventions in achieving desired outcomes, such as
improved student achievement, increased graduation rates, or enhanced
teacher professional development. Moreover, educational planning involves
the collection and analysis of data to inform decision-making processes.
This data-driven approach allows for the identification of strengths,
weaknesses, and areas for improvement within the educational system. By
regularly assessing performance metrics and analyzing trends over time,
stakeholders can make informed decisions about resource allocation, policy
adjustments, and programmatic changes to enhance the overall
effectiveness and efficiency of the educational system. In essence,
educational planning provides the necessary framework and tools for
evaluating and assessing the performance of an educational system,
enabling stakeholders to make evidence-based decisions that support
continuous improvement and the attainment of educational goals.

3. Choose at least three (3) key components of Educational Planning and

explain the importance of each components to the development of an
Educational System / Institution? Cite some related studies or literatures to
support your answer? (15 pts.)

For me these three components of educational planning are very important:

1. Goal Orientation – what is the main objective of educational system?
Being goal oriented can align the plans with the specific problems that
should be address in the educational planning.

2. Needs Assessment – assessing the current problems and the current

trends in education can help develop the appropriate educational system.
As technology progresses, so does the education system. We must align
the system to be globally competitive.
 3. Monitoring and Evaluation - Continuous monitoring and evaluation are the
most essential aspects in developing our education system. They allow us
to assess the effectiveness of the previous system and determine whether it
addresses the identified problems, thereby informing whether improvements
or the development of a new education system are necessary. This process
involves collecting data, analyzing outcomes, and using feedback to inform
decision-making and make necessary adaptations to achieve desired goals.

4. What are the four (4) common type of planning based from time horizons?
Discuss the operational definitions of the following type of plans by citing
some examples that occurred in Educational settings?

5. Illustrate the Systems Approach to Educational planning proposed by

Ernesto Franco? Briefly explain the step-by-step process in the Franco
model approach?