Insert Personal Education Number (PEN) here. Insert only pre-printed PEN label here.

STUDENT INSTRUCTIONS GEOGRAPHY 12

1. Insert the stickers with your Personal
Education Number (PEN) in the allotted
spaces above. Under no circumstance is
your name or identification, other than
your Personal Education Number, to
AUGUST 2000
appear on this booklet.
COURSE CODE = GEO
2. Ensure that in addition to this examination
booklet, you have an Examination
Response Form. Follow the directions on
the front of the Response Form.
3. Disqualification from the examination will
result if you bring books, paper, notes or
unauthorized electronic devices into the
examination room.
4. When instructed to open this booklet, check
the numbering of the pages to ensure that
they are numbered in sequence from page
one to the last page, which is identified by Insert only hand-printed PEN here.

ENDÊOFÊEXAMINATION .

5. At the end of the examination, place your

Response Form inside the front cover of this
booklet and return the booklet and your
Response Form to the supervisor.

Ministry use only.

© 2000 Ministry of Education

 Question 1: Question 6:

1. . 6. .
(6) (6)

Question 2: Question 7:

2. . 7. .
(4) (5)

Question 3: Question 8:

3. . 8. .
(4) (5)

Question 4: Question 9:

4. . 9. .
(6) (10)

Question 5:

5. .
(4)
GEOGRAPHY 12

AUGUST 2000
COURSE CODE = GEO
 GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS

1. Electronic devices, including dictionaries and pagers, are not permitted in the
examination room.

2. All multiple-choice answers must be entered on the Response Form using an

HBÊpencil. Multiple-choice answers entered in this examination booklet will not
be marked.

3. For each of the written-response questions, write your answer in ink in the space
provided in this booklet.

4. Ensure that you use language and content appropriate to the purpose and audience
of this examination. Failure to comply may result in your paper being awarded a
zero.

5. This examination is designed to be completed in two hours. Students may,

however, take up toÊ30 minutes of additional time to finish.
 GEOGRAPHY 12 PROVINCIAL E XAMINATION

Suggested
Value Time
1. This examination consists of two parts:

PART A: 40 multiple-choice questions 40 40

PART B: 9 written-response questions 50 80

Total: 90 marks 120 minutes

2. A ruler may be used during this examination.

THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY BLANK
 PART A: MULTIPLE CHOICE

Value: 40 marks Suggested Time: 40 minutes

INSTRUCTIONS: For each question, select the best answer and record your choice on the Response
Form provided. Using an HB pencil, completely fill in the circle that has the letter
corresponding to your answer.

Use the following diagram and map to answer questions 1 to 3.

Diagram X R ¥
T
P ¥ ¥ U
¥
S
¥

Q ¥

Plate boundary

1. The process illustrated by diagram X is found at which location on the map?

A. P
B. S
C. T
D. U

2. Which location on the map is associated with steep-sloped volcanic cones consisting of
multiple layers of ash and thick, andesitic lava?

A. Q
B. R
C. S
D. T

3. The islands at location U on the map are the result of

A. diverging oceanic plates.

B. a subducting oceanic plate.
C. colliding continental plates.
D. diverging continental plates.

OVER
-1-
 Use the following diagram to answer question 4.

Outline of the
former volcanic cone

Wizard Island

4. The diagram above illustrates the formation of a(n)

A. tarn.
B. atoll.
C. caldera.
D. batholith.

5. When a block of the earthÕs crust slips between two normal fault lines, the resulting
landformÊisÊa

A. rift valley.
B. thrust fault.
C. reverse fault.
D. fold mountain.

6. Coal deposits are formed as a result of

A. magmatic activity.
B. mineral precipitation.
C. hydrothermal activity.
D. sedimentary processes.

-2-
7. Globally, the human activity which consumes the greatest amount of fresh water is

A. agriculture.
B. domestic use.
C. industrial cooling.
D. energy production.

8. Aquifers and artesian basins are features associated with

A. coastlines.
B. groundwater.
C. glacial erosion.
D. volcanic activity.

9. Which processes are responsible for the formation of a levee?

A. plucking and abrasion

B. flooding and deposition
C. isostatic uplift and rejuvenation
D. thermal expansion and exfoliation

OVER
-3-
 Use the following photograph to answer questions 10 and 11.

BC Government air photograph BC7044Ñ066, reproduced courtesy

of Geographic Data BCÑMinistry of Environment, Lands and Parks

10. The river in the photograph above is in which stage of development?

A. youth
B. maturity
C. rejuvenated
D. intermittent

11. As the river in the photograph above continues its process of erosion, the type of lake that may
form is a(n)

A. playa.
B. kettle.
C. ribbon.
D. oxbow.

-4-
 Use the following diagram to answer questions 12 and 13.

Mediterranean Sea
\

N
e R

il
i

ve
r
Aswan
Tropic of Cancer Dam
Red
Sea
Lake
Nasser

0 250 km

12. The drainage pattern illustrated in the diagram above is

A. trellis.
B. radial.
C. dendritic.
D. deranged.

13. A benefit of damming the Nile River is that

A. delta wetlands have increased in size.

B. water is available all year for irrigation.
C. lower course deposition has been reduced.
D. floods to areas above the dam have decreased.

OVER
-5-
 Use the following diagram to answer question 14.

0m
Fresh Snow
Ð 10 m

Ð 100 m
NŽvŽ

Ð 1 000 m

Glacial Ice

14. The formation of the glacial ice illustrated above is a result of

A. fluctuations in the earthÕs orbit.

B. pressure and snowfall exceeding melting.
C. excessive precipitation, and glacial retreat.
D. compression and ablation exceeding snowfall.

-6-
 Use the following diagram to answer question 15.

15. Which pair of erosional features is associated with the landscape in the diagram above?

A. horns and sills

B. levees and cirques
C. hanging valleys and spits
D. truncated spurs and ar•tes

16. Large boulders transported and deposited by glaciers are called

A. kettles.
B. erratics.
C. drumlins.
D. striations.

17. Undercutting at the base of a coastal cliff is a result of

A. gravity and saltation.

B. traction and solution.
C. exfoliation and corrosion.
D. abrasion and hydraulic action.

OVER
-7-
 Use the following diagram to answer questions 18 and 19.

Ocean

18. The coastal feature marked X in the diagram above is a(n)

A. sand spit.
B. barrier reef.
C. off-shore bar.
D. wave-cut terrace.

19. What is the direction of the longshore drift in the diagram?

A. southwest to northeast
B. northwest to southeast
C. southeast to northwest
D. northeast to southwest

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20. Stalactites and stalagmites are the result of an interaction between the

A. biosphere, atmosphere and hydrosphere.

B. atmosphere, hydrosphere and biosphere.
C. lithosphere, atmosphere and hydrosphere.
D. biosphere, asthenosphere and lithosphere.

Use the following photograph to answer question 21.

Victor C. Last
21. The features in the photograph above have been shaped mainly by

A. ice.
B. wind.
C. water.
D. waves.

OVER
-9-
 Use the following diagram to answer question 22.

W X

sea Y land

22. At which location in the diagram above would the greatest amount of evaporation occur?

A. W
B. X
C. Y
D. Z

- 10 -
 Use the following diagram to answer questions 23 and 24.

Cold Front

direction of front

23. The type of cloud associated with the cold front in the diagram above is

A. cirrus.
B. stratus.
C. nimbostratus.
D. cumulonimbus.

24. After the front illustrated above passes, location X is likely to experience a(n)

A. increase in humidity.
B. increase in air pressure.
C. increase in temperature.
D. decrease in barometric pressure.

OVER
- 11 -
 Use the following map to answer question 25.

75°N

Novosibirsk
(50m above 60 °N
sea level)
¥ Hamburg
(15m above
¥
sea level) 45°N

Pacific 30°N
Ocean
10°N

0°
Indian
Atlantic Ocean 10°S
Ocean
30°S

25. Novosibirsk experiences a greater annual temperature range than does Hamburg due to the
influence of

A. aspect.
B. latitude.
C. topography.
D. continentality.

26. The energy that fuels a hurricane comes from

A. warm water.
B. global warming.
C. prevailing wind.
D. colliding air masses.

27. The major contributor to ozone depletion is

A. the burning of fossil fuels.

B. nuclear power plant emissions.
C. deforestation of tropical forests.
D. released chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs).

- 12 -
 Use the following map to answer question 28.

tropical rainforest

28. The geographic theme associated with the data on the map above is
A. region.
B. movement.
C. absolute location.
D. relationship between places.

OVER
- 13 -
 Use the following climate graphs to answer questions 29 to 31.

W X

Average annual precipitation: 1 044 mm Average annual precipitation: 516 mm

Mean temperature: 10.1 °C Mean temperature: 2.5° C
°C mm °C mm
40 400 40 400

30 350 30 350

20 300 20 300

10 250 10 250
6.0 ° C 6.0 ° C

0 200 0 200

-10 150 -10 150

-20 100 -20 100

-30 50 -30 50

-40 0 -40 0
J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D

Y Z

Average annual precipitation: 868 mm Average annual precipitation: 17 mm

Mean temperature: 26.5°C Mean temperature: 25.2 °C
°C mm °C mm
40 400 40 400

30 350 30 350

20 300 20 300

10 250 10 250
6.0 ° C 6.0 ° C

0 200 0 200

-10 150 -10 150

-20 100 -20 100

-30 50 -30 50

-40 0 -40 0
J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D

- 14 -
 Use the following photograph to answer question 29.

From Understanding Our Environment by Dunlop and Jackson.

Oxford University Press. 1991.
29. The climate graph that best represents the biome in the photograph above is

A. W.
B. X.
C. Y.
D. Z.

30. The climate graph representing a region with orographic and frontal precipitation, leached soils,
coniferous forests and the extraction of softwood lumber is

A. W.
B. X.
C. Y.
D. Z.

31. The climate region associated with climate graph Y is

A. tropical wet.
B. tropical wet-dry.
C. temperate west-coast.
D. mediterranean (southern hemisphere).

OVER
- 15 -
32. What is North AmericaÕ s major source of non-renewable power?

A. fossil fuel
B. tidal action
C. falling water
D. nuclear fission

Use the following headline to answer question 33.

WORLD EXAMINER

Impact of the James Bay

hydro-electric project
More than half of the Atlantic
Cree people living in Ocean
the area of the James Quebec
Bay dam project James Bay
have concentrations Dam Area
of mercury in their
bodies which exceed
world health limits.

33. The health problems mentioned in the article above are the result of the

A. absorption of toxic fumes during construction.

B. use of lead bullets to hunt traditional food sources.
C. use of chemical fertilizers in reforestation programs.
D. underwater decomposition of large amounts of vegetation.

- 16 -
 Use the following map to answer question 34.

Percentage of Threatened or
Endangered Birds in Canada

Legend
0 Ð 1%
1.01 Ð 2%
2.01 Ð 3%
more than 3%

34. The greatest threat to the bird species at location X on the map above is

A. hunting.
B. agricultural activity.
C. pulp and paper production.
D. thermal electric development.

OVER
- 17 -
 Use the air photograph and topographic map on pages 21 and 23 to answer questions 35 to 40.

35. The distance along the Canadian Pacific Railway from the road crossing at grid reference
103147 to the rail crossing at grid reference 176141 is

A. 3.0 km.
B. 7.5 km.
C. 15.0 km.
D. 17.5 km.

36. The highest point in grid square 1613 is approximately

A. 365 m.
B. 375 m.
C. 385 m.
D. 395 m.

37. The feature shown on the air photograph at X is

A. CookÕs Point
B. ParkerÕs Point.
C. ProngerÕs Point.
D. Anderson Island.

- 18 -
38. A sketch profile drawn from grid reference 127191 to 166186 would look like

A.

B.

C.

D.

39. The evidence from the north-eastern region of the map suggests that the area had
beenÊshapedÊby

A. extensive flooding.
B. continental ice sheets.
C. river erosion and deposition.
D. wave action and longshore drift.

40. The coniferous trees of this region have adapted to the environment by

A. shedding leaves in the cold season.

B. developing long and extensive root systems.
C. developing water storage organs for the dry period.
D. reducing transpiration through the shape of the leaf.
OVER
- 19 -
THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY BLANK

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| Use the following air photograph to answer
| multiple-choice questions 35 to 40 and written-response question 1.
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Exercise care when tearing along perforations. OVER
- 21 -
The air photograph on page 21 is based on information taken from the collection
of the National Air Photo Library Ð Photograph A-21199-14 (Dryden), ©1969
Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, reproduced with permission of
Natural Resources Canada.

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20
MARGAREE
Dryden
INVERNESS
KENORA
COUNTY
DISTRICT
MUNICIPALITY

NOVA
ONTARIO
SCOTIA
19
SCALE 1:50,000 ƒCHELLE
CONTOUR INTERVAL 10 20 METRES
Elevations in Metres Above Mean Sea Level

Metres Metres
1000 0 1000
18

17

16

- 23 -
15

14

13

12

OVER
49°45'
92°55' 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
The topographic map is based on information taken from the National
Topographic System map sheet number: 52/F15 Edition 3 (Dryden), ©1998.
Produced under licence from Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, with
permission of Natural Resources Canada.

- 24 -
 PART B: WRITTEN RESPONSE

Value: 50 marks Suggested Time: 80 minutes

INSTRUCTIONS: Answer each question in the space provided. You may not need all of the space
provided. Answers should be written in ink. Comprehensive answers are
required for full marks.

Use the air photograph and topographic map of Dryden on

pages 21 and 23 to answer question 1.

1. The Dryden community relies upon the resources of the forest. Describe how DrydenÕs
prosperity depends upon the forest industry and propose a plan which will help ensure the
sustainability of the resource. Answer in paragraph form. (6Êmarks)

OVER
- 25 -
 Use the following photograph to answer question 2.

2. a) Identify and explain a weathering process illustrated in the photograph above. (2 marks)

Weathering Process:

Explanation:

b) Explain two effects weathering processes, in general, may have on human activity.
(2 marks)

i)

ii)

- 26 -
 Many factors influence climate.
Select one of the following to answer question 3.
Indicate your selection with a 3.

Precipitation Associated Influence of Altitude /

with a Warm Front Elevation on Temperature

3. a) With the aid of a clearly labelled diagram, explain how precipitation associated with a
warm front occurs or how altitude / elevation influences temperature. (3Êmarks)

Place Diagram Here

Explanation:

b) Explain an effect the process you have selected has on human activity. (1Êmark)

OVER
- 27 -
 Use the following information and map to answer question 4.

Oil and Gas of the Queen Charlotte Basin

1998ÊÑÊthe Geological Survey of Canada estimates that the Queen Charlotte Basin
may contain recoverable reserves of 2.6 billion barrels of oil, a twenty year supply.

Alaska British
Columbia

¥Masset ¥ Prince
Rupert

Queen
Charlotte Sandspit ¥
Islands

Pacific Ocean

Fault lines

Chevron oil lease area

Petro-Canada oil lease area

Former drilling site

- 28 -
4. The federal and provincial governments have stopped the exploration for oil and gas resources
in the Queen Charlotte Basin.

a) Using the data provided, outline three arguments why the exploration and development of
these resources should not take place. (3Êmarks)

i)

ii)

iii)

b) Outline three arguments why the exploration and development of these resources should
take place. (3Êmarks)

i)

ii)

iii)

OVER
- 29 -
 Use the following map to answer question 5.

Areas of severe
soil erosion

5. a) Suggest two reasons why people have ignored good soil management practices in many of
the shaded areas of the map. (2Êmarks)

i)

ii)

b) Describe two common ways to reduce soil erosion. (2Êmarks)

i)

ii)

- 30 -
6. Explain how human modification of the atmosphere, biosphere and lithosphere may affect
salmon habitat. (6 marks)

Atmosphere:

Biosphere:

Lithosphere:

OVER
- 31 -
7. Generating 360 kilograms of solid waste per person each year, Canadians are the seventh
largest garbage producers in the world.

a) Suggest two ways that recycling and reusing products is beneficial to the environment.
(2 marks)

i)

ii)

b) Suggest three reasons why solid waste reduction is difficult to achieve. (3 marks)

i)

ii)

iii)

- 32 -
 Use the following cartoon to answer question 8.

8. a) What is the intent of the cartoonistÕs message? (1Êmark)

b) Describe two effects global warming may have on Canada. (2Êmarks)

i)

ii)

c) Suggest two reasons why international cooperation on issues such as global warming is
difficult to achieve. (2Êmarks)

i)

ii)

OVER
- 33 -
 CASE STUDY

Iceland Ñ Land of Fire and Ice

IcelandÕs abundance of low cost hydro-electric and geothermal energy

represents the best opportunity for economic growth. The government
expects this power to be beneficial in the development of energy
intensive industries such as aluminum smelting.

Iceland has virturally Fishing represents 80%

no valuable mineral deposits of IcelandÕs exports

IcelandÕs population
is 250Ê000

)Ê
old
Arctic Circle (C
nt

)
Proposed
rre

arm
¥ Electric
Cu

(W
Reykjavik Cable
nd

ift
n la

Dr
ee

ic
Gr

nt
¥
tla
A Bergen
rth
No
North Atlantic
Ocean
50°N
¥ St. JohnÕs
Mid-
) Atlantic
m
ar Ridge
(W
am
tre
S
lf
Gu

City Average July

Temperature
St. JohnÕs 15.5
Bergen 14.6
1% of Iceland is arable
Reykjavik 11.7 20% of Iceland is used for grazing

- 34 -
 Greenhouses located in a geothermal area near Reykholt, Iceland

pcolgan@lynx.dac.nev.edu. Department of Geology. 14 Homes Hall. Northeastern University.

Boston, MA 02115-5096. (617) 373-5172.
Land Use and Resources

Legend
ARCTIC CIRCLE

Grazing
Land

Permanent
65ûN Ice Caps
Reykholt

Cities

Reykjavik Volcanoes

OVER
- 35 -
Organization and Planning

- 36 -
 Use the case study of Iceland on pages 34 and 35 to answer question 9.

9. Using evidence from the data provided and your understanding of geography, explain how the
physical environment influences the people of Iceland. Suggest how the people of Iceland will
sustain their economic growth. Answer in multi-paragraph form. (10 marks)

OVER
- 37 -
FINISHED WORK

- 38 -
 FINISHED WORK

END OF EXAMINATION

- 39 -