11/23/2023

Pakistan Study
B.Ed: (Part-I)
British colonization and Muslim Reform
Movement struggle for Independence
(Struggle for Pakistan)
1857 to 1940

By: Bagh Hussain Jokhio

M.A
M.Ed:

Modern History 1857-1940

1. War of Independence 1857
2. Sir Syed Ahmed Khan
3. Dar Ul Uloom Deoband 1866
4. Urdu Hindi Controversy 1867z
5. Nadwat ul Ulema 1892
6. Congress 1885
7. Partition of Bengal 1905
8. Simla Deputation 1906
9. Formation of Muslim League 1906
10.Minto-Morley reforms 1909
11.Lacknow Pact 1916

1
 11/23/2023

Modern History 1857-1947

12. Montague-Chelmsford Reforms 1919
13. Khilafat Movement 1919-23/1924
14. Simon Commission 1928
15. Nehru Report 1928
16. 14 Points of Quid E Azam 1929
17. Allahabad Address 1930
18.Indian Act 1935
19.Congress Ministries 1936-1937
20. End of Congress RULE 1939
21. Lahore Resolution 1940

War of Independence 1857

 Second name by British Revolt
 Muslim named war of Independence
Causes of this war
Administrative
Social and Religion
Army
Economic
But Result Failure
Causes of Failure
Not good leadership
Not suitable resources
Not good Education
Not smooth plan and strategy

2
 11/23/2023

Sir Syed Ahmed/Aligarh Movement

• Westren Education
Services of Sir Syed Ahmed Khan
1. Educational
 Muradabad School 1859
 Ghazipur School 1863
 Scientific Society
 M.A.O School and College 1875
 Different Educational Conferences
2. Social and Religion
 Khutbat e Ahmediya 1869
 Tabaeen e Kalam
 Ahkam Taam e Ahle Kitab
 Tehzeeb ul Akhlaq Anjaman Urdu
3.Political
 Muslim British Compromise
 Cause of Indian Revolt
 Asbab e Baghawat e Hind
 Loyal Muhammad of India
 Interpretation of Nasara

Dar ul Uloom Deoband 1866

14th April 1866
UP (Sahanpur)
Haji Muhammad Abid Hussain was founder
1867 Moulana Qasim Nanootavi run it more
Aims
Islamic Education
Political (Aligarh)
Moulana Ashraf Ali Thanvi
Moulana Shabir Ahmed Usmani

3
 11/23/2023

Urdu Hindu Controversy 1867

• Urdu
• Mughal King Shahjahan
Controversy
Banaras Movement
Sanskrit
Sir Syed told Hindus are not bearing Muslims
Language

Nadwat ul Ulema 1992

• 1992 at Kanpur India.
• Muslims opened it.
• Both Educations English and Islamic
• Madrassa Fizul aam
• 1992 was established but started work in 1994.
• Moulana Muhammad Ali Mongari founder
Aims
o Political
o Religious
o Modern Arabic
o Ethical Education
o Moulana Shabli Noumani
o Syed Sulamn Naqvi

4
 11/23/2023

Congress 1885
• British man (A.O Hume) established it in
1885 for the rights of Indian Muslims and
Hindus of Hindustan.
Causes
Political
Unity of India
Rights

Partition of Bengal 1905

• East west Bengal
Causes
8 Million population (8 Crore)
Big province of Hidustan.
Big Area having 6 lac kms area.
Big challened to managed it.
Hindus congress did not agreed on this but
Muslims were happy on this partition.
British cancelled it again on 1911.

5
 11/23/2023

Simla Deputation 1906

• 35 Muslims members met to Lord Minto in 1905 at
Simla.
They demanded from Lord Minto.
They met for rights after partition of Bengal. They
were happy.
They demanded for separate seats for Muslims in
Elections, Courts, Assembly, and separate
university seats.
Minto tell them to approve it in next Act.
It was ended with good result.

Formation of Muslim League 1906

• Established at Dhaka on 30th December 1906 during
the All India Muslim educational conference.
• Sir Agha Khan 3rd was given as Presidential of this.
• Waqar ul Malik and Mohsin ul Malik as secretaries of
this.
• This time it was not for political.
Purpose:
 British Muslim unity.
 Muslim Rights.
 Good relations with other nations.
In 1913, they changed it also for political, elections and
government.

6
 11/23/2023

Minto-Morley Reforms 1909

• Simla deputation was approved by Minto-Morly
and it was success with simla deputation
promised.
Some agendas were approved as under.
 Separate Elections
 Powers increased of legislative council.

Lacknow Pact 1916

• 1913 Quaid E Azam joined Muslim Leagues.
• World war I was also started in 1914 so British don’t want to see any kind of
problems here.
• In 1913, One Masid and Mandir was damaged by British so Hindus and Muslim
were more against to them.
Lachnow Pact
 Congress Muslim unity
 Self rule
 Indian rights
British made 19 members committee at Kalkata
Quaid e Azam role was very important in Lachknow pact, because he was in both
parties.
Reforms
 Muslim seats
 Provincial Autonomy
 Hindu protection where Muslims areas.
 Muslim protection where Hindus areas.
 1/3rd
 Half members in councils.

7
 11/23/2023

Montage-Chelmsford Reforms 1919/

Indian Government Act 1919
• Prime Minister of Hind Montague.
• Ford Viceroy
• New law afer every 10 years.
• After lachnow pact of Hindu and Muslims.
Reforms:
 Enlargement of Executive Council (3 Indians)
• Bi-cameral legislation.
• Council of state and lagislative assembly.
• Separate of elections
• Appointment of commission.
• Increase power of Assembly.
• Provinces separate distribution.
• Freedom of provinces.
• Division of works.

Khilafat Movement 1919

• Purely Muslims
• Muslims told to British if you won the war then you have not give
any lose to khilafat e usmania. But british try to destroy khilafate
usmania.
• Movement stated.
• Khilafat conference in 1918.
• Moulana Shokat Ali tell to Hindustani about the british lies.
• Committee members were Ali brothers.
• In 1920 hijrat movement.
• 5 to 15 lac Muslims went to Afghanistan side. Only 18000 thousand
were welcomed their, after that they closed borders.
• Many were killed also.
• Big protests in india.
• Big problems in india.
• Moplah Arab 400 Muslims were killed in Bombay.
• In 1923 it was ended.

8
 11/23/2023

Simon Commission 1928

• Commission consists on 7 members.
• All were british members.
• He did not welcomed in India.
• After 10 years of Act reforms.
• It evalute after 10 years.
• Sir john Simon in 28th February 1928.
• He prepared a report in 1930.
He advised and proposed these agendas.
• Federal system
• Make and Implement a new Indian constitution

Nehru Report 1928

• Nehru Reported for new Indian constitution at the All
parties conference. Nehru was leading it.
• It was almost against for Muslims. Quiad e Azam told
to Nehru for inclusion some agendas. If points were
included then we will agreed other wise we ll not
agree. He took big stand.
Points demands of Jinnah in this conference:
• 1/3rd seats
• Punjab and Bengal seats
• Provincial Autonomy
• Hindus rejected these.
• Then Jinnah give famous points.

9
 11/23/2023

14 points of Quaid e Azam 1929

1. Federal constitution
2. Equal Provincial Autonomy
3. Minorities representation
4. 1/3 seats representations
5. Separate representation for minorities
6. Muslim majority protected
7. Minorities freedom
8. Bill 1/3 any minorities
9. Sind separate from Bombay
10. KPK and Baluchistan provinces
11. Govt Jobs
12. Constitutional protection for ideology
13. 1/3 reorientation in ministries-centers and provinces
14. Central legislative bills, sub units
He told that without these points we will not any law.

Allahabad Address 1930

• Allama Iqbal addressed in Allahabad.
• Allahabad address is famous.
• He demanded for separate state for Muslims.
• He says, In future it will be a separate nation
where Sind and Punjab provinces.
• Dreamer of Pakistan

10
 11/23/2023

Indian Act 1935

• British made a constitution
• Simon report
• Nehru report
• Act 1935
• Even it was rejected by Muslim League and congress
• Implemented 1st April 1937
• 14 parts
• Federal system (Federal cabinet)
• Sind and Bombay separated
• Burma separated from India
• KPK province
• Provincial autonomy

Congress Ministries1936/1937
Elections win by congress.
After 800 years hindu ruled.
Thy ruled about 2.5 years.
• Congress vs Muslim League
• Congress promoted Hindi
• Cow slater
• Ban on Azan
• Now they told Muslim Leagues has ended.
• They cruel now
• Urdu language ban
• Promoted Hindi culture
• Boycott on Muslims business/shops

11
 11/23/2023

End of congress Rule in 1939

• 2nd World war
• British were busy in war
• Congress resign
• 22 December 1939 day of deliverance.
• Constitutions
• Administrative

Lahore Resolution 1940

• During wwii
• 23rd March 1940 at Iqbal Park Lahore
• About 5 lac people participted
• Two free states
• Quaid e Azam told that about 7 crore Muslim lives
in India.
• Division of India
• Separate state

12