GROUP I | II – INTERVIEW SERIES – DISTRICT PROFILE – 3

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Erode District Profile

History:
• Erode district was formed on September 17, 1979, from Coimbatore district.
• It was initially named Periyar district but was renamed to Erode district in 1996.
• The history of Erode is closely linked with that of Coimbatore.
▪ Part of the ancient Kongu region alongside Coimbatore.
▪ Inhabited by various tribes, most notably the "Kosars."
▪ Ruled by various dynasties including Cholas, Chalukyas, Pandyas, Hoysalas,
Madurai Sultanate, Vijayanagara, Madurai Nayaks, Mysore rulers, and Hyder
Ali.
▪ Famous for Oothukuli butter, Kangeyam bulls, and Bargur bulls.
▪ Erode soil is credited with giving birth to Thanthai Periyar, the social reformer
and founder of the Dravidian Movement.
Origin of Name
▪ Derived from the Tamil word "Eerodai," meaning "place between two rivers.
▪ Situated between Perumpallam Odai and Pichaikaran Odai, hence the name
"Erode."
Administration
▪ The district has 2 revenue divisions and 10 taluks.
▪ 1 Corporation 4 Municipalities
Geography
▪ Located in the extreme north of Tamil Nadu, India.
▪ Landlocked with no coastline.
▪ Situated between 10°36' and 11°58' North latitude and 76°49' and 77°58' East
longitude.
▪ Total area of 5,722 square kilometers.
▪ Bordered by:
o East: Namakkal and Karur Districts.
o South: Tirupur District.
o West: Coimbatore and The Nilgiris Districts.
▪ Bhavani river rises in the Palghat ranges in Kerala and enters Erode district in
Gobichettipalayam.

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 ▪ Cauvery river is one of the major rivers of South India and flows through Erode
district.
▪ Noyyal river is a tributary of the Cauvery river and originates in the Western
Ghats.
Economy:
▪ Primarily an agrarian economy, with agriculture being the main source of
income for a large portion of the population.
▪ Major crops include turmeric, coconut, banana, sugarcane, and rice.
▪ Textile industry is a major contributor to the economy, with Erode being known
as the "Textile City."
▪ Other industries include handloom weaving, automobile parts
manufacturing, and food processing.
▪ Tourism is a growing sector, with the Bhavani River, Sathyamangalam Wildlife
Sanctuary, and historical sites attracting visitors.
Important Issues:
▪ Water scarcity due to inadequate rainfall and overexploitation of groundwater
resources.
▪ Pollution of the Bhavani River due to industrial effluents.
▪ Unemployment and lack of opportunities for skilled workers.
▪ Poverty and lack of access to basic amenities in rural areas.
Landmark Places:
▪ Bhavani River: A holy river for Hindus, known for its scenic beauty and boating
facilities.
▪ Sathyamangalam Wildlife Sanctuary: A protected area home to a variety of
flora and fauna, including tigers and elephants.
▪ Kodiveri Dam: A major dam and tourist attraction known for its panoramic
views.
▪ Perundurai: A town famous for its handloom weaving industry and Perundurai
Murugan Temple.
▪ Gobichettipalayam: A major commercial center known for its textile market
and groundnut trade.
▪ Civil Service Training Institute, Located in Bhavanisagar. Offers training
programs for various cadres of officers in the Tamil Nadu government,
including Deputy Tahsildars and ministerial staff.
▪ Kodumanal, located on the northern banks of the Noyyal and about 42 km from
Erode, made it to the archaeology map in 1961 when the Archaeological Survey

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 of India (ASI) started the first dig after noticing antique materials scattered
across the barren land of the village. Potsherds containing names inscribed in
Tamil-Brahmi script were found in a large number, apart from Roman silver
coins, precious stones and quartz. These findings showed that an industrial
and trade centre had existed here about 2,300 years ago.

Temples and Spirituality:

▪ Bannari Amman Temple
▪ Bhavani Sangameswarar Temple
▪ Chinnamalai Murugan Temple
▪ Kodumudi Veeranarayana Perumal Temple
▪ Pariyur Amman Temple
▪ Sivanmalai Temple
▪ Periya Mariamman Temple
▪ Thindalmalai Murugan Temple
GI Tags belongs to Erode District
Erode Turmeric
▪ GI Tag: Awarded in 2019, recognizing its unique quality and origin.
▪ The ‘chinna naadan’ variety is cultivated in Erode.
▪ High Curcumin Content: Renowned for its strong medicinal properties.
▪ Unique Flavor: Prized ingredient in Indian cuisine.
▪ Popular Natural Remedy: Used for various health benefits.
▪ Growing Conditions:
o Hot and moist climate.
o Temperature: 20°C to 37.9°C.
o Average rainfall: 600 to 800 mm per year.
Bhavani carpets
• Origin and History:
o Created and marketed in the late 19th century.
o Developed as a response to and competition with British-made textiles.
o Originated in Bhavani village and woven by the Jangamar community.
• Characteristics:
o Tightly knit from coarse cotton yarn.
o Standard colors include red, blue, green, white, orange, and yellow.
o Woven using pit looms and stand looms.
o High on utilitarian value, used as prayer mats, dining mats, and seating.

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Famous Personalities:
▪ Thanthai Periyar: Social reformer and leader of the Dravidian Movement.
▪ Dheeran Chinnamalai: Hero who revolted against the British.
▪ Tiruppur Kumaran: Freedom fighter who hoisted the national flag.
▪ Kalingarayan: Visionary who built canals centuries ago.
▪ Srinivasa Ramanujan: Mathematical genius who gained worldwide recognition.
▪ K.B. Sundarambal: Renowned singer of devotional songs.

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