AIM AND SCOPE

• PH I : INTRO.

• PH II : GENESIS OF INDIA.

• PH III: GEOGRAPHICAL LAYOUT OF INDIA.

 INTRO

WHAT IS GEOGRAPHY?

• SYSTEMATIC STUDY OF EARTH AND ITS

FEATURES.

• STUDY OF CLIMATE, POPULATION, PHYSICAL

QUALITIES, PHENOMENON OF EARTH ETC.

• CLASSIFICATION OF GEOGRAPHY
o HUMAN GEO
o PHYSICAL GEO
 INTRO (CONTD)

HUMAN ELEMENTS
• CULTURE.
• POPULATION.
• COMN.

ECONOMIC ELEMENTS
• RESOURCES.
• INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT.
 INTRO (CONTD)

FEATURES OF GEOGRAPHY NATURALLY MADE OR

CREATED BY HUMAN ACTIVITIES.
• NATURAL FEATURES CONSISTS:-
o LANDFORMS
o ECOSYSTEM.

• MAN-MADE FEATURES CONSISTS:-

o HUMAN SETTLEMENT

o ENGINEERED FORMS.
 GENESIS OF INDIA

• WEGENER’S THEORY OF CONTINENTAL DRIFT (1912)

o PANGAEA - 200 MYA.
o LAURASIA AND GONDWANA – 130 MYA.

o VARIOUS CONTINENTS – 70 MYA.

o THE EARTH TODAY (PRESENT).
GENESIS OF INDIA (CONDT)
 GEOGRAPHICAL LAYOUT OF INDIA

• THE NORTHERN MOUNTAIN RANGES.

• THE NORTH INDIAN PLAINS/ GREAT PLAINS.
• THE PENINSULAR PLATEAU.
• CENTRAL HIGHLANDS.
• THE COASTAL PLAINS.
• THE GREAT INDIAN DESERT.
• THE ISLANDS.
NORTHERN MOUNTAINS OF INDIA
NORTHERN MOUNTAINS OF INDIA
 CHARACTERISTICS OF HIMALAYAS

• HIMALAYAS MEAN “ABODE OF SNOW”.

• ACT AS A BARRIER FOR INDIAN MONSOON (SW

MONSOON WIND).
• SOURCE OF MANY PERENNIAL RIVERS.

• NATURAL BOUNDARY FOR INDIA.

• HIGHEST AND YOUNGEST MOUNTAIN RANGE.
• HOME FOR VARIOUS FLORA AND FAUNA.
NORTH INDIAN PLAINS
 NORTH INDIAN PLAINS

• STRETCH OF NORTHERN PLAINS:-

o WESTERN EDGE – THAR DESERT
o NORTHERN EDGE – HIMALAYAS
o SOUTHERN EDGE – VINDHYA AND
SATPURA RANGES.
o EASTERN EDGE – GANGES/ SUNDERBAN
DELTA.
 CHARACTERISTICS OF
NORTHERN PLAINS
• 2400 KM LONG.

• FORMED BY INTERPLAY OF MAJOR RIVER SYSTEMS: THE INDUS,

THE GANGA AND THE BRAHMAPUTRA.

• FERTILE PLAINS.

• MAXIMUM CONTRIBUTION FOR AGRICULTURAL SECTOR OF INDIA.

• ONE OF THE DENSELY POPULATED REGION OF WORLD.

• GANGA ALONG WITH BRAHMAPUTRA FORMS THE VAST DELTA OF

SUNDERBAN.

• HOME TO AMINALS LIKE ROYAL INDIA TIGER, ELEPHANTS,

RHINOCEROS, BUFFALOS, HIPPOS, COROCODILES ETC.

SUNDERBAN DELTA
PENINSULAR PLATEAU
 PENINSULAR PLATEAU

STRETCH OF PENINSULAR
PLATEAU:-
o BOUNDED BY WESTERN

GHAT IN WEST.
o BOUNDED BY EASTERN

GHAT IN EAST.
o SATPURA RANGES IN

NORTH.
o TRIANGLED SHAPED.

o THE NARMADA RIVER

DIVIDES IT INTO MALWA AND

DECCAN PLATEAU
 DECCAN PLATEAU
• DECCAN PLATEAU IS THE LARGEST PALTEAU OF SOUTH INDIA.

• ELEVATION RANGING FROM 330 FT TO 3300 FT.

• LOCATED BETWEEN WESTERN AND EASTERN GHATS.

• CONTAINS OLD AND HARD CRYSTALLINE ROCK.

• NORTH WEST PART IS OF LAWA FLOW KNOWN AS DECCAN TRAPS.

• MAJOR TOURISM DESTINATION IN THIS REGION ARE HUMPI, BIDAR,

BELGAM, BADAMI ETC.

• IT HAS IGNEOUS ROCK BLACK FRETILE SOIL AND GNEISS

PENEPLAIN RED INFERTILE SOIL.

• MAJOR MINIRALS – COAL, IRON ORE, CHROMITE, MICA ETC.

 MALWA PLATEAU

• PLATEAU OF VOLCANIC ORIGIN.

• DARK BLACK SOIL SUITABLE FOR COTTON AND GROUNDNUT

CULTIVATION.

• COMPRISES OF CENTRAL MP AND SOUTH EASTERN RAJASTHAN.

• ELEVATION RANGING FROM 1650 FT TO 2000 FT.

• MOSTLY AGRARIAN ECONOMY (OILSEEDS, COTTON, LEGUMES,

CEREAL GRAINS ETC).

• IMPORTANT TOURISM ATTRACTION ARE MANDU VALLEY,

MAHESHWAR FORT, MAHAKAL TEMPLE, KANCH MANDIR, SHIPRA

RIVER ETC.
WESTERN GHATS (SAHYADRI)
 WESTERN GHATS
WESTERN GHATS

• STRETCH OF WESTERN
GHATS:-
o BOUNDED BY ARABIAN
SEA IN WEST.
o IN SOUTH IN MERGES
WITH INDIAN OCEAN.
o BOUNDED BY DECCAN

PLATEAU IN EAST.
o GREAT ESCARPMENT OF
INDIA.
 WESTERN GHATS

• WORLD HERITAGE SITE BY UNESCO.

• HOME TO 325 GLOBALLY THREATENED FLORA, FAUNA, BIRDS,

AMPHIBIANS, REPTILES AND FISH SPECIES.

• INCLUDES MAHARASHTRA, GOA, KARNATAKA, TAMIL NADU AND

KERALA.

• THEY INFLUENCE INDIAN MONSOON WEATHER PATTERNS.

• HILL STATIONS LIKE NILGIRI HILLS, LONAVALA, COORG,

MAHABALESHWAR, CARDAMOM HILLS, KOGAGU ETC.

• MAJOR SOURCE OF ALUMINIUM AND BUILDING STONES FOR

CONSTRUCTION.

• SOURCE OF PREMIUM TEA AND COFFEE.

EASTERN GHATS
 EASTERN GHATS
WESTERN GHATS

• STRETCH OF EASTERN
GHATS:-
o BOUNDED BY BAY OF
BENGAL IN EAST.
o IN SOUTH IT MERGES
WITH INDIAN OCEAN.
o BOUNDED BY DECCAN

PLATEAU IN WEST.
o DISCONTINUOUS
RANGE OF MOUNTAINS
ALONG EASTERN COAST.
 EASTERN GHATS

• THE MOUNTAIN RANGE RUNS PARALLEL TO BAY OF BENGAL.

• NOT AS HIGH AS WESTERN GHATS.

• RUNS THROUGH ODISHA, ANDRA PRADESH AND TAMILNADU.

• SOURCE OF VARIOUS SMALL AND MEDIUM RIVERS OF SOUTH

INDIA.

• SOURCE OF LIMESTONE, BAUXITE AND IRON ORE.

• PROMINENT HILL STATIONS LIKE ARAKU VALLEY, KOLLI HILLS ,

PACHAI-MALAI ETC.
CENTRAL HIGHLANDS
 WESTERN
CENTRAL GHATS
HIGHLANDS
CENTRAL HIGHLANDS

• CENTRAL HIGHLANDS
DIVIDES THE PENINSULAR
PLATEAU IN TWO.
• SPREADS IN RAJASTHAN,
GUJARAT AND IN EAST TILL
CHOTA NAGPUR.
• SERVES AS MAJOR WATER
SHEAD AREA FOR VARIOUS
RIVERS(CHAMBAL, TONS,
VARDHA, TAPTI ETC)
 CENTRAL HIGHLANDS

• SATPURA RANGES:-
– RISES FROM EASTERN GUJRAT THEN RUNS THROUGH
MAHARASHTRA AND MP TILL CHHATTISGARH.
– PACHMARHI, KANHA NATIONAL PARK, BORI WILD LIFE SANCTUARY
ARE PROMINENT ATTRACTIONS.
– DHUPGARH IS THE HIGHEST POINT.
• VINDHYA RANGES:-
– GEOGRAPHICALLY SEPARATES NORTH AND SOUTH INDIA.

– RUNS PARALLEL TO SATPURA RANGE.

– AMARKANTAK IS THE TALLEST POINT (ORIGIN OF MNARMADA

RIVER.
– NARMADA RIVER RUNS IN SOUTHERN SLOPES OF THESE RANGES.
COASTAL PLAINS
 WESTERN
COASTAL GHATS
CENTRAL PLAINS
HIGHLANDS

• MAIN LAND OF INDIA HAS A

COASTAL PLAIN OF 6150KM.
• DIVIDED INTO EASTERN
AND WESTERN COASTS
• EASTERN COAST EXTENDS
FROM GULF OD KHAMBHAT
TO KANYAKUMARI.
• WESTERN COAST EXTENDS
FROM SUNDERBAN DELTA
TO KANYAKUMARI.
 COASTAL PLAINS
• WESTERN COAST :-
– NORHERN PORTION IS CALLED AS KONKAN AND SOUTHERN PORTION
MALABAR.
– OIL DEPOSITS OF INDIA.

– VARIOUS ESTUARIES FORMED BY TAPI, NARMADA AND SABARMATI.

– BLACK SAND BEACHES ARE MAJOR SOURCE OF ATOMIC MINIRALS
(MONAZITE).
– BACK WATERS OF KERALA.
• EASTERN COAST :-
– DEVELOPING COASTAL PLAINS, GENERALLY LARGER THAN WESTERN
COAST.
– CHILIKA LAKE (SALT WATER).
– KNOWN AS COROMANDAL COAST.

– VARIOUS DELTAS FORMED BY GODAVARI, MAHANADI, KAVERI AND KRISHNA.

GREAT INDIAN DESERT
 WESTERN GHATS
THAR DESERT
CENTRAL HIGHLANDS
• NATURAL BOUNDARY BETWEEN INDIA AND
PAKISTAN.
• EXTENDS BETWEEN ARAVALLI HILLS AND
GREAT RANN OF KUTCH WITH INDUS RIVER
IN WEST.
• TEMP RANGING 45-50 °.
• INDIA CONTROLS 85% OF THE DESERT.
• 20TH LARGEST DESERT IN THE WORLD.
• PROMINENT PROTECTED AREAS ARE TAL
CHHAPAR SANTUARY, DESERT NATIONAL
PARK, RANN OF KUTCH WILDLIFE
SANCTUARY.
• AVAILABILITY OF VARIOUS SALT WATER
LAKES.
• LUNI RIVER- ONLY RIVER OF THAR DESERT.
ISLANDS OF INDIA
 ISLANDS OF INDIA
• ANDAMAN AND NICOBAR :-
– GROUP OF 572 ISLANDS LOCATED IN BAY OF BENGAL.
– STRATEGICAL COMMAND.

– WHITE SAND BEACES OF ROSS AND HAVELOCK ISLANDS ARE MOST VISITED
SITES.
– IT HAS 2200 VARIETY OF PLANTS, 270 SPECIES OF BIRDS AND 50 VARIETY OF
MAMMALS.
– ONLY ACTIVE VOLCANO OF INDIA.

• LAKSHADWEEP:-
– GROUP OF 36 ISLAND LOCATED IN ARABIAN SEA.

– RICH MARINE LIFE.

– SMALLEST UT OF INDIA WITH 600 SPECIES OF FISHES AND 82 SPECIES OF
SEAWEED.
– FAMOUS FOR VARIOIUS WATER SPORTS.
?
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