NORTHERN MOUNTAINS

WHAT ARE NORTHERN MOUNTAINS?

• THE NORTHERN MOUNTAINS IN THE NORTH OF INDIA EXTEND

FROM NORTHWEST TO NORTHEAST OF INDIA.
• THE HIMALAYAS, THE KARAKORUM MOUNTAINS AND THE
NORTHEASTERN MOUNTAIN
• RANGES ARE TOGETHER CALLED THE NORTHERN MOUNTAINS.
 WHAT ARE THE MAIN FEATURES OF THE
NORTHERN MOUNTAINS?
• •THEY ARE ALSO CALLED HIMADRI.
• •IT IS THE MOST CONTINUES RANGE THAT CONTAINS LOFTIEST PEAK WITH
AVERAGE HEIGHT 6,000 M.
• •ITS HAS ASYMMETRICAL FOLDS.
• •THE CORE CONSISTS OF GRANITE.
• •IT IS SNOW BOUND WITH MANY GLACIERS DESCENDING FROM THIS RANGE.
 WHAT ARE THE USES OF NORTHERN
MOUNTAINS?
• THE NORTHERN MOUNTAINS ARE IMPORTANT DUE TO THE FOLLOWING REASONS.
• •CLIMATIC INFLUENCE
• •SOURCE OF RIVERS
• •FERTILE SOILS
• •HYDROELECTRICITY
• •FOREST WEALTH
• •AGRICULTURE
• •STOREHOUSE OF MINERALS
• •TOURISM
 WHAT KINDS OF CROPS ARE GROWN IN THE
NORTHERN MOUNTAINS?
• THE CROPS THAT ARE GROWN IN NORTHERN PLAINS OF INDIA ARE
• RICE(PADDY), WHEAT,
• MILLETS(JOWAR, BAJRA, RAGI), SUGARCANE, COTTON.
 WHAT IS THE CLIMATE OF THE NORTHERN
MOUNTAINS?
• IT HAS A COLD DESERT CLIMATE. IT IS A REGION OF BARREN, ARID, FRIGID AND
WIND-BLOWN
• WASTELANDS. AREAS SOUTH OF THE HIMALAYAS ARE LARGELY PROTECTED
FROM COLD WINTER
• WINDS COMING FROM THE INTERIOR OF ASIA.
WHICH TYPE OF SOIL IS FOUND IN NORTHERN
MOUNTAINS?
• THE MAJOR SOIL GROUPS IN THE HIMALAYAS ARE BROWN HILL SOIL, SUB-
MOUNTAIN SOILS,

• MOUNTAIN MEADOW SOIL AND RED LOAMY SOILS, APART FROM OTHER LESS
SIGNIFICANT TYPES.

• MOST OF THE SOILS IN THIS REGION ARE ACIDIC IN NATURE.

 • THE HIMALAYAN NORTH REGION
COMPRISES THE TWO STATES AND
TWO UNION TERRITORIES OF
WHICH STATES ARE IN
• INDIA SITUATED AT THE
NORTHERN MOUNTAINS? NORTHERNMOST HIMALAYAN
MOUNTAIN: HIMACHAL PRADESH,
Jammu and Kashmir is a region administered • JAMMU AND KASHMIR, LADAKH
by AND UTTARAKHAND.
India as a union territory and consisting of the
southern portion of the larger Kashmir region,
which has been the subject of a dispute
between
India and Pakistan since 1947, and between
India
and China since 1962.
 INTERESTING FACTS ABOUT JAMMU AND
KASHMIR
• Kashmir’s cultural
• Srinagar was founded • MAHARAJA HARI
heritage flourished
by Emperor Ashoka SINGH WAS THE with the contribution
and not the Mughal LAST RULING of Hinduism,
emperor Jahangir. Buddhism, and
MAHARAJA OF THE
PRINCELY STATE. Islam.

• The syncretic culture of

• Shikara stays are a unique experience
Kashmir is best summarized
highly recommended and usually included
by the word Kashmiriyat,
in good Kashmir packages.
which described the cultural
values of the Kashmiri
people.
 LADAKH
• LADAKH IS THE ONLY PLACE IN INDIA WHERE BACTRIAN CAMELS ARE FOUND.

• • ONE OF THE HIGHEST SALT LAKES IN THE WORLD ‘PANGONG LAKE’ IS IN

LADAKH.

• • THE PLANGENT PASSES, BEAUTIFUL MONASTERIES, HIGH MOUNTAINS, AND

CLEAN LAKES ARE THE MAIN CENTERS

• OF THE BEAUTY OF LADAKH.

• • ‘DRAS’, THE GATEWAY OF LADAKH, IS THE COLDEST REGION OF LADAKH.

• • LADAKH SHARES ITS BORDER WITH CHINA, BALTISTAN AND KASHMIR.

• • ICE HOCKEY IS THE MOST POPULAR SPORT IN LADAKH.

• • ICE HOCKEY IN LADAKH IS PLAYED FROM MID-DECEMBER TO MID-FEBRUARY,

ONLY ON NATURAL ICE.

• • CRICKET, ARCHERY, AND POLO ARE SOME OTHER POPULAR SPORTS IN THE
REGION.

• • THE INDUS RIVER IS THE BACKBONE OF THE LADAKH REGION.

 WHAT IS LADAKH FAMOUS FOR?
• LADAKH IS MOST FAMOUS FOR BREATHTAKING
• LANDSCAPES, CRYSTAL CLEAR SKIES
• THE HIGHEST MOUNTAIN PASSES, THRILLING
• ADVENTURE
• ACTIVITIES
• BUDDHIST
• MONASTERIES AND FESTIVALS.
WHY IS LADKAH A COLD DESERT?

Ladakh Desert- The Coldest Region.

Ladakh is enclosed between the north
by the Karakoram Range and Zanskar
Mountains in the south. ...The region
receives the lowest rainfall because of
the great Himalayan effect. This is the
reason why Ladakh is called a cold
desert.
 WHAT IS THE CLIMATE OF LADAKH?

• DUE TO ITS HIGH ALTITUDE, LADAKH IS ALWAYS

FREEZING COLD AND DRY FOR MOST OF THE YEAR. THE
AIR IS SO THIN THAT YOU CAN FEEL THE SUN'S HEAT
INTENSELY. IN SUMMERS, THE TEMPERATURE DURING
THE DAY IS JUST ABOVE ZERO DEGREES AND THE NIGHT
TEMPERATURE IS MUCH BELOW -30°C.
FOOD IN LADAKH: 10 MUST-
TRY
LOCAL DISHES AND DRINKS

• •MOMOS.
• •THUKPA.
• •SKYU-(SKYU IS A SOUP-BASED TRADITIONAL SPECIALITY.)
• •CHHUTAGI.
• •TINGMO.
• •CHHURPE (DRIED YAK CHEESE).
• •BUTTER TEA.
• •CHHANG.
 WHAT IS THE STATE
ANIMAL OF LADAKH?
• “THE SNOW LEOPARD (PANTHER
UNICA) AND BLACK- NECKED
CRANE (GRUS NICRICOLLIS) ARE
THE STATE ANIMAL AND STATE BIRD
RESPECTIVELY OF THE UT OF
LADAKH FROM THE DATE OF ISSUE
OF THE NOTIFICATION,” READS AN
ORDER ISSUED BY THE LIEUTENANT
ADMINISTRATION (LG) OF LADAKH.
 WHAT VEGETATION IS FOUND IN LADAKH?​

• IN LADAKH, THERE IS A LACK OF VEGETATION DUE TO

LESS RAINFALL AND A COLD CLIMATE. IN THE NARROW
VALLEY, THERE ARE PATCHES OF GREEN VEGETATION
THAT ARE GRASS AND SHRUBS. ALONG RIVERBANKS,
WILLOW GROVES, JUNIPER YEW, WILD ROSES AND HERBS
ARE FOUND. A VARIETY OF FRUITS SUCH AS APPLE,
WALNUT AND APRICOT GROW IN SUMMER.​
 A BAILEY BRIDGE IS 30 METERS LONG AND WAS BUILT IN 1982 BY THE INDIAN
ARMY
BETWEEN THE DRAS AND SURU RIVERS IN THE HIMALAYAN MOUNTAINS. BAILEY
BRIDGE IS A
TEMPORARY BRIDGE OF LATTICE STEEL DESIGNED FOR QUICK ASSEMBLY FROM
PREFABRICATED
PARTS. THE DESIGN IS FAMOUS FOR ITS MILITARY APPLICATION.
• THE BACTRIAN CAMEL (TWO- HUMPED) IS A LARGE, EVEN-TOED UNGULATE NATIVE. THE
BACTRIAN CAMEL HAS TWO HUMPS ON ITS BACK, IN CONTRAST TO THE SINGLE- HUMPED
DROMEDARY CAMEL, THEY ARE RARE COMPARED TO SINGLE HUMP CAMELS. THESE
CAMELS ARE ONE OF THE MAIN ATTRACTION OF THE NUBRA VALLEY IN LADAKH.
LADAKH IS A COLD DESERT, BUT IT IS STILL OVER 225 SPECIES
OF BIRDS SUCH AS FINCHES, ROBINS, REDSTARTS AND HOOPOE
ARE FOUND HERE IN ABUNDANCE. IT NEVER CEASES TO
AMAZE THE TOURISTS WHO VENTURE THIS FAR UP THAT THE
REGION COULD RETAIN SO MUCH OF ITS NATURAL BEAUTY.
LADAKH IS SOMETIMES KNOWN AS:

"LITTLE TIBET" DUE TO THE STRONG INFLUENCE OF

TIBETAN CULTURE IN THE REGION. IT IS A
PREDOMINATELY BUDDHIST DISTRICT WITH RELIGION
STILL PLAYING A STRONG PART IN THE CULTURE.
• HIMACHAL PRADESH IS A NORTHERN INDIAN STATE
IN THE HIMALAYAS. IT'S HOME TO SCENIC MOUNTAIN
TOWNS AND RESORTS SUCH AS DALHOUSIE. HOST TO
THE DALAI LAMA, HIMACHAL PRADESH HAS A
STRONG TIBETAN PRESENCE. THIS IS REFLECTED IN
ITS BUDDHIST TEMPLES AND MONASTERIES, AS
WELL AS ITS VIBRANT TIBETAN NEW YEAR
CELEBRATIONS. THE REGION IS ALSO WELL KNOWN
FOR ITS TREKKING, CLIMBING AND SKIING AREAS
• HIMACHAL PRADESH IS KNOWN FOR ITS NARROW-
GAUGE RAILWAYS. HINDUISM IS THE MAJOR
RELIGION IN THE STATE. THE STATE HAS
REMAINED MOSTLY UNTOUCHED BY EXTERNAL
CUSTOMS, MAINLY DUE TO THE DIFFICULT
TERRAIN. HIMACHAL PRADESH IS FAMOUS FOR ITS
HANDICRAFTS INCLUDING CARPETS, PAINTINGS,
LEATHER WORKS, STOLES, AND MORE.
 WHAT MAKES HIMACHAL PRADESH
BEAUTIFUL?

• • HOME TO THE HIMALAYAS AND KNOWN AS THE LAND OF

GODS – HIMACHAL PRADESH IS A PARADISE FOR EVERY
NATURE LOVER. A VERY IMPORTANT PLACE FOR THE HINDU
RELIGION, HIMACHAL PRADESH IS HOME TO NUMEROUS HOLY
SHRINES. SNOW-CAPPED MOUNTAINS, PLUNGING VALLEYS
AND BEAUTIFUL MONASTERIES ADORN THIS BEAUTIFUL
STATE.
 HOW WOULD YOU DESCRIBE HIMACHAL?

• • THE NAME OF THE STATE IS A REFERENCE TO ITS SETTING:

HIMACHAL MEANS “SNOWY SLOPES” (SANSKRIT: HIMA,
“SNOW”; “SLOPES”), AND PRADESH MEANS “STATE.” ...
FORMERLY A UNION TERRITORY, HIMACHAL PRADESH
BECAME A STATE OF INDIA ON JANUARY 25, 1971. AREA 21,495
SQUARE MILES (55,673 SQUARE KM).
WHY IS HIMACHAL PRADESH CALLED THE LAND OF
GODS?
WHAT IS HIMACHAL PRADESH CALLED IN INDIA?
• THE STATE IS ALSO REFERRED TO AS "DEV BHOOMI" (LITERALLY
MEANING ABODE OF GODS) DUE TO ITS MENTION AS SUCH IN
ANCIENT HINDU TEXTS AND OCCURRENCE OF A LARGE NUMBER OF
HISTORICAL TEMPLES IN THE STATE.
• LAND OF THE GODS HIMACHAL PRADESH IS POPULARLY KNOWN AS THE DEVBHUMI "LAND
OF THE GODS",
• HIMACHAL PRADESH IS A STATE IN NORTHERN INDIA, A BEAUTIFUL HILL STATE IN INDIA,
NESTLES IN NORTH-WEST REGION OF WESTERN HIMALAYAS. HIMACHAL PRADESH HAS
EARNED THE FAME OF “APPLE STATE”AS THE APPLE WAS FIRST CULTIVATED IN THANEDAR
VILLAGE OF SHIMLA DISTRICT. APPLE IS ALSO THE MAIN CASH CROP OF THE STATE.
• APPLE AS A CASH CROP HAS GIVEN THE PEOPLE OF HIMACHAL PRADESH TO RAISE
THEMSELVES ECONOMICALLY
 WHICH FRUIT IS FAMOUS IN HIMACHAL
PRADESH?

• •KAPHAL/KAFAL. THESE LITTLE WILDLY OCCURRING BERRIES ARE

MAROON AND REDDISH IN COLOR WHICH CAN BE SEEN SOLD AT STREET
VENDORS IN LARGE SCALE.
• •POMEGRANATE.
• •APRICOT.
• •AROO.
• •KALA HISALU
• THE FERTILE LANDS, SWEEPING
MONSOONS AND GLORIOUS SUNSHINE OF
HIMACHAL HAVE EARNED THIS MIGHTY
STATE THE TITLE OF 'FRUIT BASKET OF
INDIA' DUE TO THE LONG LIST OF BRIGHT
AND COLOURFUL EXOTIC FRUITS THAT
FLOURISH IN THIS ENVIRONMENT.
Uttarakhand
• UTTARAKHAND IS ONE OF THE MAJOR STATES OF INDIA.
• • IT WAS ESTABLISHED ON 9TH NOVEMBER 2000 AS THE 27TH STATE OF
INDIA.
• • HINDI GARHWALI KUMAONI IS THE MAIN LANGUAGES OF
UTTARAKHAND
• • THIS STATE HAS BEEN CARVED OUT OF UTTAR PRADESH.
• • UTTARAKHAND WAS EARLIER KNOWN AS UTTARANCHAL.
• • UTTARAKHAND IS A STATE SURROUNDED BY MOUNTAINS AND IT IS
ALSO CALLED DEV BHOOMI. (LAND OF GODS)
• • UTTARAKHAND IS A TOURIST-RICH STATE AND A LARGE NUMBER OF
PEOPLE COME HERE EVERY YEAR TO VISIT
• • CHAR DHAM LIKE BADRINATH, KEDARNATH ARE SITUATED IN UTTARAKHAND.
• • HARIDWAR AND HEMKUND SAHIB ARE THE PILGRIMAGE SITES OF THE PEOPLE OF HINDU
AND SIKH RELIGIONS IN UTTARAKHAND.
• • THE STATE ANIMAL OF UTTARAKHAND IS THE MUSK DEER.
• • THE FAMOUS GANGES AND YAMUNA RIVERS ORIGINATE FROM UTTARAKHAND.
• • JIM CORBETT NATIONAL PARK IS LOCATED IN UTTARAKHAND
• • DEHRADUN IS THE CAPITAL OF UTTARAKHAND. GAIRSAIN IS THE SUMMER CAPITAL OF
UTTRAKHAND.
• • THE STATE IS DIVIDED INTO 13 DISTRICTS.
• • DEHRADUN IS THE LARGEST CITY OF THE STATE.
• • NANDA DEVI , THE SECOND LARGEST MOUNTAIN LOCATED IN INDIA IS IN UTTARAKHAND .
• • IT'S LITERACY RATE IS ALMOST 80% .
• • IT HAS ONE OF THE MOST ATTRACTING HILL STATIONS OF INDIA LIKE MUSSOURIE ,
NAINITAL ETC
 UTTARAKHAND CHAR DHAM IN HINDU
RELIGION

• UTTARAKHAND CHAR DHAM IN HINDU RELIGION, CHAR DHAMYATRA IS

CONSIDERED TO BE THE MOST SACRED HINDU PILGRIMAGE. THIS YATRA
GO THROUGH FOUR SACRED SPOTS NAMELY BADRINATH, YAMUNOTRI,
KEDARNATH AND GANGOTRI. ALL THE SINS WILL BE WASHED AWAY BY
TAKING CHAR DHAM JOURNEY IN GARHWAL, UTTARAKHAND. HERE IS
THE OPPORTUNITY FOR PILGRIMS TO RELEASE FROM BIRTH-DEATH
CYCLE AND EMERGE AS THE PUREST HEART AND SOUL. COMPLETE THIS
SACRED JOURNEY AND GET HEAVENLY FEELING OF COMPLETENESS
 FAMOUS FESTIVALS IN UTTARAKHANND

Nandadevi Mela.
• Purnagiri Mela.
• Syalde Bikhauti Mela.
• Phool Dei Festival.
• Uttarakhandi Holi.
• Harela and Bhitauli Festival.
• Ganga Dussehra Festival.
• International Yoga Festival Rishikesh.
Uttarakhand has been hub
of excellence and
education from the
prehistoric time. You can
find numerous esteemed
educational institutions at
Uttarakhand who are
delivering world-class
education to students.