Attracttheimmune

cellsincluding
macrophages
andotherlymphocytes
in dudi
 cells APCs
Antigen presenting
immune cells
Group of different
that mediate the cellular immune

response by processing and

Presenting antigens for recognition
such as
by certain lymphocytes
T cells
e pendric cells
Yaigniidelitedarc g
found mainly in
t
the spabar
epidermal layers
I MfIPggt
APCs are immune cells that
detect and the
informabout
engulf
adaptive immune response
an
infection the other immune cells including
attract
lymphatics to the infected
and other lymphocytes to
macrophages
and their subsequent activation
prepare them
sites
to mount an immune response
 DetNooat

too
 Antibodies Immunoglobulin
These are called
Immunoglobins
as

highly specific to antigens

cells EffectorBiyatphocytes
byplasma
Produced
Also called as antibodies factories
Plasma cells produce about sooo molecules
of
antibodiesper second
Antibodies Glycoproteins
Hitz

structure of Antibody 14222

Glycoprotein
molecule made upof
chains
2 heavy chains
a
light
chains are heldtogether by
These
disulphide bondsf s s 7
Str of light chain stir ofheavychain
Each light chain's MW 25,08mn more than 50,000 Dollars

Each lightchain 214 AA

Each heavychain 440AA
About twice as long as thelight
chain
Amino acid sequence
chain is
of a
light firmedof
two parts heavychain is also formedof
two parts

outer
variable
to region region
region madeupofEst118AA can is7 qfrom
Ist 108 AA
vain fromantibody
to antibody
I'I Iog 214than

change
not
varies fromone na quoth an
showstinge
antibodyto other area toprovide
antibody flexibilitytomole
 Enzyme papain derived from papaya
breaks the antibody at the hinge
region to
produce

Two Fabfragment one Fa fragment

Atl cystabgney
mi di ate the antigen Intracts with other
binding elements immune
of
systemsuch as
phagocytes

ofcomplement
or components
Path to promoteremon
way
of antigens
Paratope
FX Tr
Epitoqf
Antigendeterminant
Functions of Antibodies
Types of Antibodies
Iga
Iga
IgM
Highmolecularnot
Ige
Igp
 75801
Mw 1.46.000 Daltons

1 31
Mw 1,85 000Daltons
activationof B lymphocytes
Development
and maturation
ofimmune
response

5 107
MMW 960,000

Fist antibody generated at the

time of defence strong agglutination
 It is Dimer
Also called as secretory antibody
St in present in breast milk sebum
ete
semen tears saliva
Also present in mucus membrane of
nose throat
Give protection against inhaled and ingested
Pathogens
Found in faecalmatter
hencecalled Coproantibod

10
Mw 170,000

0.051
MW 1 88,000

Activation ofmast cells to

Produce Histamine
First generation vaccines

These are prepared by

in activating the whole pathogen

egg Opv Bca

small pox
DPT MMR
Tetanus

DNA
mission
technology
B
Hepatitis
3rdavaceing DNA vaccines

in nature
Synthetic
Prepared by genes
e Leukemia virus vaccine
g