QUARTER 2 – HYBRID MODULE 5

Philippine Area of Responsibility

Week 5

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 Let’s Learn

The Philippines is located in the western part of the North Pacific Ocean. To make
monitoring easy for the forecasters, this large region of the Pacific Ocean is broken into smaller
domains called “areas of responsibilities.”
Generally, this hybrid module will help you understand typhoon and Philippine Area of
Responsibility.
Specifically, after going through this hybrid module you are expected to:
1. identify the examples of typhoon that affects PAR;
2. explain Philippine Area of Responsibility;
3. determine whether a tropical cyclone is within or outside the PAR;
4. describe how tropical cyclone is tracked and discuss why is there a need for PAGASA
to regularly monitor tropical cyclones near the PAR;
5. illustrate/track the path taken by a tropical cyclone given its coordinate;
6. illustrate instruments used in tracking tropical cyclone.

Let’s Try

Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet
of paper.

1. Which storms have the strongest winds?

A. hailstorms C. hurricanes
B. earthquakes D. tornadoes

2. What causes damage in a hurricane/typhoon?

A. winds C. flooding
B. storm surge D. all of the above

3. Wind speed is between 65-118 kph

A. super typhoon C. typhoon
B. tropical storm D. tropical depression

4. Tropical cyclones are a system of thunderstorms that are moving around a center is called
__________.
A. false C. maybe
B. true D. sometimes

5. Where do hurricanes/typhoons form?

A. in a river or stream C. over the ocean
B. at plate boundaries D. under the earth

Study the illustration below. (Items 6-10)

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6. Based on the given illustration in the previous page, what do you call that region
surrounded the Philippines?

A. Pacific Ocean C. Philippine Area of Responsibility

B. Atlantic Ocean D. Pacific Area of Responsibility

7. As shown on the maps, what is the direction of the tropical cyclones?

A. Northwest direction C. Northeast direction
B. Southwest direction D. Southeast direction

8. What is the main reason why the tropical cyclones are both moving in the same direction
based on the given maps?
A. because there are small-scale winds that push the tropical cyclones in that direction.
B. because there are large-scale winds that push the tropical cyclones in that direction.
C. because there are large-scale winds that pull the tropical cyclones in that direction.
D. because there are small-scale winds that pull the tropical cyclones in that direction.

9. Why is that southern part of the Philippines is often untouched by tropical cyclones?
A. because tropical cyclones are moving in northwest direction.
B. because tropical cyclones are moving in southwest direction.
C. because tropical cyclones are moving in northeast direction.
D. because tropical cyclones are moving in southeast direction.

10. Why does tropical cyclones mentioned above weakened and died out as they enter
land?
A. because they are cut off from the warm ocean waters that keep them going.
B. because they are cut off from the cold ocean waters that keep them going.
C. because they are cut off from the warm and cold ocean waters that keep them going.
D. because they tend to lose energy as it reaches the land.

11. This color warning is raised when the expected rainfall amount is between 7.5mm and
15mm within one hour and likely to continue.
A. Red alert C. Yellow alert
B. Orange alert D. White alert

12. What is the international name of tropical cyclone Pablo?

A. Bashy C. Vongfong
B. Kammuri D. Bopha

13. The large region of the Pacific Ocean is broken into smaller domains called _________.
A. Continent C. Area of Responsibility
B. Sea of Waves D. None of the above

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13. High school classes and below are canceled under, what storm signal number?
A. Signal no. 2 C. Signal no. 1
B. Signal no. 3 D. none of these
14. It’s an instrument that records air temperature continuously on graphing paper.
A. Thermometer C. Barograph
B. Thermograph D. Hygrometer
Please answer these questions above online.
Just click the link below:
https://forms.gle/Ps8HZeJsTSpHGMod8

Lesson
Philippine Area of Responsibility
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According to the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical, and Astronomical Services
Administration (PAGASA), about 20 tropical cyclones enter the Philippine Area of
Responsibility each year. We have to be knowledgeable about tropical cyclones if we want to
prevent the loss of more lives.

Let’s Recall
Directions: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate
sheet of paper.
1. It measures the water vapor content of air or the humidity.
A. Barometer C. Hygrometer
B. Thermograph D. Anemometer

2. Is a weather tool that measures how high or low air pressure is.
A. Barometer C. Hygrometer
B. Thermograph D. Anemometer

3. Is an instrument that records air temperature continuously on graphing paper.

A. Thermometer C. Barometer
B. Thermograph D. Anemometer

4. How computers help humans most with weather data?

A. by compiling information faster humans can
B. by replacing humans altogether
C. by cutting down on errors made by humans
D. by giving insufficient data
Please answer these questions above online.
Just click the link below:
https://forms.gle/TuDdcH6bzof1QMTS6

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 Let’s Explore
Philippine Area of Responsibility

The Philippine Archipelago which is enclosed by water, lies at the western edge of
Pacific Ocean, north of the equator and around 1,000 km from the Asia Mainland. It is limited
on the east by the Pacific Ocean, on the west by the South China Sea, on the north by the
Bashi Channel and on the south by the Sulu and Celebes Seas. It is referring to designated
region in the northwestern Pacific where PAGASA is entrusted to screen hurricane
occurrences.

At the point when a climate aggravation enters the Philippine Area of Responsibility
(PAR), the weather bureau begins to monitor it. Do you know where the PAR is? Then, do
the following activity to find out.

Activity 1: Plotting the PAR

Direction: Plot the following points on the map below and connect the plotted points. (Figure
1).

Points Latitude, Longitude

a. 5°N, 115°E
b. 15°N, 115°E
c. 21°N, 120°E
d. 25°N, 120°E
e. 25°N, 135°E
f. 5°N, 135°E

Quide Questions:

Q1. If a typhoon is located at 15°N, 138°E, is it within the PAR? ____________________

Q2. How about if the typhoon is at 19°N, 117°E, is it inside the PAR? _________________
NOTE: Your answer in your Activity 1 is the region within is the Philippine Area of
Responsibility or PAR. It is the job of PAGASA to monitor all tropical cyclones that enter this
are

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28°

27°

26°

25°
Taiwan

24°

23°

22°

21°

20°

19°

18°
PACIFIC OCEAN
17°

16°

15°

14°

13°

12°

11°

10°

9°

8°

7°

6°

Borneo
5°

4o

Figure 1. Map of the Philippines and vicinity

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 Let’s Elaborate

Displayed underneath are the tracks (ways) of four typhoons that entered the PAR in
the past years. The tracks were plotted by PAGASA. Study the maps and answer the following
questions.

Figure 2.
Tracks
(paths) of
selected
tropical
cyclones

From the guides, you can see that typhoons by and large move in a northwest direction.
The reason is because there are large-scale winds that push the tropical cyclones in that
direction. This is like the manner in which a whirlpool is conveyed along by a streaming stream.

As you can notice, each of the four typhoons struck the northern piece of the
Philippines. Presently you know why the southern piece of the Philippines is regularly
immaculate by tropical cyclones. Where do you think should a typhoon structure so it would
hit the Mindanao area?

Three of the typhoons referenced above debilitated and vanished close to land. Agaton
dispersed in Luzon, Yoyong in Taiwan, and Huaning close to Mainland China. This implies

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that when typhoons arrive at land, they vanish on the grounds that they are cut off from the
warm ocean waters that keep them going.
NOTE: Now you know where tropical cyclones start to form, why they form there, and in what direction
they generally move. Can you now explain why the Philippines is prone to typhoons?

Sendong started out in the Pacific as an area of low pressure. Because it was just a
low-pressure area, it was not given a name. Then it swelled into a tropical misery. Again it was
not yet given a name since it was at this point outside the PAR.

At the point when it at last entered the PAR, it had effectively fortified into a hurricane.
Since it was inside the PAR by then, at that point, PAGASA gave it a name—Sendong—from
its pre-arranged rundown. Internationally, the tropical storm was called Washi.

Sendong brought hours of torrential rains to Mindanao. Some places received more
than 200 mm of rain. On account of the overabundance downpour, streak floods and
avalanches occurred. Almost 1,000 individuals were killed, numerous in the urban
communities of Cagayan de Oro and Iligan. Harm to houses, streets, and extensions came to
up to 2 billion pesos.

After the Sendong catastrophe, who might have imagined that another typhoon would
again hit Mindanao the following year. Tropical cyclone Pablo (international name, Bopha)
was so solid it was sorted as a super storm. Clearly, we need to learn about tropical cyclones
in order to survive.

Researchers and meteorologists used climate instrument devices as a substantial

estimating gadget to follow or comprehend the Earth's climate. It helps also the PAGASA to
monitor it.
Climate instruments are apparatuses that track and help with information assortment
of climate patterns over time.
Below are the climate instruments utilized by meteorologists to measure weather over
time.
A. Thermograph – is an instrument that records air temperature persistently on
graphing paper. (see figure 1)
B. Thermometer – measures the level of hotness or chilliness of a given substance. It
works on the standard of warm development of the material utilized, e.g., fluids like
mercury and alcohol, metallic materials, etc. Mercury is one of the fluids that is very
sensitive to changes temperature. When the substance to be measured is warm,
mercury expand and rises in the capillary tube. When it cools, mercury contracts. (see
figure 2)
C. Hygrometers – are gauge of relative humidity. They are utilized to decide how a lot
moisture is in the air or amount of water vapour in the air. (see figure 3)
D. Hygrothermograph – records both relative dampness and temperature on diagram
paper in a similar way as the thermograph and barograph do. (see figure 4)
E. Barometer – is a weather tool that measures how high or low air pressure is. When
the air is warm the pressure is low, when the air is cool, air pressure is high. (see
figure 5)

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 F. Barograph – is an indicator that records the barometric pressing factor after some
time in graphical structure. This instrument is likewise used to make a ceaseless
recording of atmospheric pressure. (see figure 6)
G. Ceiling Light Projector – projects vertically narrow beam of light on to a cloud base.
(see figure 7)
H. Ceiling Balloon – deciding the tallness of the cloud base. (see figure 8)
I. 8-inch Raingauge – purported in light of the fact that within width of the authority is
by and large 8 creeps over a channel that behaviors downpour into a tube shaped
estimating cylinder or recipient. It estimates the measure of precipitation amassed in
the estimating tube. (see figure 9)
J. Tipping Bucket Raingauge – is a kind of precipitation recording instrument. (see
figure 10)
K. Radiosonde – an airborne instrument for estimating pressing factor, temperature and
relative humidity in the upper air. (see figure 11)
L. Wind Finding Radar – decides the speed and heading of twists overtop through
radar echoes. (see figure 12)

Figure 1. Thermograph Figure 2. Thermometer Figure 3. Hygrometer

Figure 4. Hygrothermograph Figure 5. Barometer Figure 6. Barograph

Figure 6. Ceiling Light Projector Figure 7. Ceiling Balloon Figure 8. 8-inch Raingauge

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Figure 9. Tipping Bucket Figure 10. Radiosonde Figure 11. Wind Finding
Rain gauge Radar

The Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration

(PAGASA) releases tropical cyclone warnings in the form of Public Storm Signals. An area
having storm signal may be under:

These typhoon signals are typically raised when a region (in the Philippines just) is going
to hit by a tropical cyclone. As a typhoon acquires strength or potentially gets closer to a space
having s storm signal, the admonition might be moved up to a higher one in that specific
region. Then again, as a typhoon debilitates and additionally gets farther to a space, it could
be minimized to a lower signal or might be lifted.
Classes for kindergarten are dropped when Signal #1 is as a result. No classes in
kindergarten, elementary and high school under Signal #2 and no classes in all levels including
tertiary level under Signal #3 and above.
REVISED LIST OF NAMES FOR TROPICAL CYCLONES WITHIN THE PHILIPPINE
AREA OF RESPONSIBILITY
(Effective January 2020)

The first tropical cyclone of the year starts with the name beginning in letter A as in
AMBO under column 1 for 2020 and so on down the list as one disturbance succeeds another.
The 5th year (2024) will bring us back to column 1 of AMBO. In the event that the number of

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tropical cyclones within the year exceeds 25, an auxiliary list is used, the first ten of which are
listed under each column.

1 2 3 4
2020 2021 2022 2023
2024 2025 2026 2027
2028 2029 2030 2031
2032 2033 2034 2035
AMBO AURING AGATON AMANG
BUTCHOY BISING BASYANG BETTY
CARINA CRISING CALOY CHEDENG
DINDO DANTE DOMENG DODONG
ENTENG EMONG ESTER EGAY
FERDIE FABIAN FLORITA FALCON
GENER GORIO GARDO GORING
HELEN HUANING HENRY HANNA
IGME ISANG INDAY INENG
JULIAN JOLINA JOSIE JENNY
KRISTINE KIKO KARDING KABAYAN
LEON LANNIE LUIS LIWAYWAY
MARCE MARING MAYMAY MARILYN
NIKA NANDO NENENG NIMFA
OFEL ODETTE OBET ONYOK
PEPITO PAOLO PAENG PERLA
QUINTA QUEDAN QUEENIE QUIEL
ROLLY RAMIL ROSAL RAMON
SIONY SALOME SAMUEL SARAH
TONYO TINO TIOMAS *TAMARAW
ULYSSES UWAN UMBERTO *UGONG
VICKY VERBENA VENUS VIRING
WARREN WILMA WILMA WENG
YOYONG YASMIN YAYANG YOYOY
ZOSIMO ZORAIDA ZENY ZIGZAG

AUXILLIARY LIST
ALAMID ALAKDAN AGILA ABE
BRUNO BALDO BAGWIS BERTO
CONCHING CLARA CHITO CHARO
DOLOR DENCIO DIEGO DADO
ERNIE ESTONG ELENA ESTOY
FLORANTE FELIPE FELINO FELION
GERARDO GOMER GUNDING GENING
HERNAN HELING HARRIET HERMAN
ISKO ISMAEL INDANG IRMA
JEROME JULIO JESSA JAIME
Note: With * is a replaced name of the decommissioned 2019 Tropical Cyclones.

Tropical Cyclone names from: http://bagong.pagasa.dost.gov.ph/learning-tools/philippine-

tropical-cyclone-names
PAGASA Rainfall Warning System (RWS)
The PAGASA Rainfall Warning System (RWS) is an operational mode color coding
scheme of the Community-Based Flood Early Warning System (CBFEWS) under the United
Nations Development Program (UNDP) project.

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 On August 9, 2012, GREEN was changed to ORANGE such that the warning levels
are now YELLOW, ORANGE and RED. These colors are generally associated with
awareness, preparedness and emergency, respectively.
According to PAGASA administrator Nathaniel Servando, the color ORANGE was
adopted as it is a more appropriate representation of the severity of the situation.
The revision was considered based on suggestions after information Education
Campaign (IEC) efforts with the media and discussions with the National Disaster Risk
Reduction and Management Council (NDRRMC), Metro Manila Development Authority
(MMDA) and Department of Interior and Local Government-National Capital Region (DILG-
NCR) were made, PAGASA added.

What are the colors all about?

YELLOW WARNING
▪ Under the heavy rainfall warning system, a yellow warning is raised when the expected
rainfall amount is between 7.5mm and 15mm within one hour and likely to continue.
▪ Communities given this advisory are advised to be aware of the weather condition and
warned that flooding may be possible in low lying areas.

ORANGE WARNING
▪ The orange alert is raised in areas where rainfall is between 15mm and 30mm within
one hour. Flooding is a definite threat in communities under the orange alert.
RED WARNING
▪ A red alert is issued when downpours constitute an emergency. This is raised
when observed rainfall is more than 30mm within one hour or if rainfall has
continued for the past three hours and is more than 65mm.
▪ When PAGASA raises a red warning, communities should be prepared to respond. It
means serious flooding is seen and that residents should be ready to evacuate to
safety.

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 Let’s Dig In
Activity 2: Tracking the Tropical Cyclone

Materials Needed:
map with the PAR (from Activity 1)
tracking data
pencil
Procedure:
1. Use the latitude and longitude (lat-long) in the table below to track the location of
Sendong. Plot each lat-long pair on the map with the PAR.
Date: 13-19 DEC 2011
Tropical Storm Sendong (International name: Washi)
Month/Day/Time Latitude (°N) Longitude (°E)
12/13/06 6.00 145.10
12/13/12 6.40 143.30
12/14/18 6.00 141.70
12/14/00 5.90 140.60
12/14/06 6.20 139.00
12/14/12 6.70 137.70
12/14/18 7.00 136.30
12/15/00 7.20 134.30
12/15/06 7.60 132.30
12/15/12 7.70 130.80
12/15/18 7.50 129.10
12/16/00 7.40 128.10
12/16/06 8.00 126.80
12/16/12 8.40 125.50
12/16/18 8.50 123.80
12/17/00 9.10 122.40
12/17/06 9.20 121.50
12/17/12 9.60 120.40
12/17/18 10.20 119.00
12/18/00 10.90 117.60
12/18/06 10.30 115.70
12/18/12 9.90 114.60
12/18/18 9.60 113.90
12/19/00 9.10 112.90
12/19/06 9.70 111.90
12/19/12 10.50 110.70
Tracking data are from
http://weather.unisys.com/hurricane/w_pacific/2011H/index.php

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Q3. Where did Sendong form?
Q4. When did Sendong enter the PAR?
Q5. When did Sendong leave the PAR?
Q6. In what direction did Sendong move?

Let’s Remember

Let us sum up what you have learned by doing this activity.

Direction: Answer the following question on separate paper.
1. Give five learnings about Philippine Area of Responsibility.
2. Why is that important to know the rainfall warning system?
3. Explain all the color-coded warning signals.
4. Give importance of monitoring tropical cyclone inside and outside the PAR.
5. Give five effects of tropical cyclone in the environment, people and animals.

Let’s Apply

FACT or BLUFF
Direction: Read the following carefully. Write CHECK if the statement is fact. If it is a bluff,
select a word/phrase which makes it incorrect then opposite of it write the appropriate answer
to make it correct.
1. Scientists and meteorologists utilized weather instrument tools as a concrete
measuring device in order to track or understand the Earth’s weather.
2. The Philippine archipelago which is surrounded by water, lies at the eastern rim of
Pacific Ocean, western of the equator and about 1,000 km from the Asia Mainland.
3. On August 9, 2012, PAGASA’s color coded warning signals color green was changed
to yellow such that the warning levels are now yellow, green and red.
4. A yellow alert is issued when downpours constitute an emergency. This is raised
when observed rainfall is more than 30mm within one hour or if rainfall has continued
for the past three hours and is more than 85mm.
5. The first tropical cyclone of the year starts with the name beginning in letter A as in
Auring.

Let’s Evaluate

I. Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer.

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 1. It determines the speed and direction of winds aloft by means of radar echoes.
A. Barograph C. Radiosonde
B. Wind Finding Radar D. Barometer
2. They are used to determine how much moisture is in the air or amount of water vapour in
the air.
A. Hygrometers C. Hygrothermograph
B. Barometer D. Thermograph
3. It measures the amount of rainfall accumulated in the measuring tube.
A. Ceiling Balloon C. 8-inch Raingauge
B. Ceiling Light Projector D.Tipping Bucket Raingauge
4. Which public storm warning signal that tropical cyclone winds of more than 220kph?
A. PSWS #1 C. PSWS #4
B. PSWS #5 D. PSWS #2

Let’s Extend

TRIVIA: ☺

Did you know that… Hurricanes, cyclones and typhoons are all types of tropical storm? Yes! But what’s the difference between
them? Well, they all basically the same thing, but are given different names depending on where they appear.
When we say Hurricanes are tropical storms that form over the North Atlantic Ocean and Northeast Pacific. Cyclones, on the
other hand are formed over the South Pacific and Indian Ocean.Lastly, Typhoons are formed over the Northwest Pacific Ocean.

Activity 5: Direction: Research a one recent typhoon and complete the fact sheet below.

Key Facts Impacts of the Typhoon

Name of typhoon: Secondary events caused by the typhoon

____________________________________ (floods, storm surges, tornadoes, etc.):

Date typhoon occurred: Death toll:

____________________________________
Location:
_____________________________________
Maximum wind speed:
____________________________________
__________________________________________
Homeless count:
__________________________________________
Structural damage caused:

Typhoon category:
_________________________________________

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References
Journey to Science, Science 8, Philippine Copyright © 2018
KLEAFS PUBLISHING and Rosario DeLa Cruz , Dr. Roland DeLa Cruz Author’s

Links:

http://lrmds.depedldn.com/DETAIL/4154.HTM

https://sciencing.com/tools-used-measure-hurricanes-6862094.html

https://sites.google.com/a/apps.cabarrus.k12.nc.us/weather-instruments/

http://bagong.pagasa.dost.gov.ph/learning-tools/weather-
instruments?fbclid=IwAR3GdG2Uq5sKyyv8kC0ueATHYGEj1glx96KJGfhuERG1_jHUnXV4FXuUzAw

https://www.bbc.co.uk/newsround/24879162#:~:text=Hurricanes%2C%20cyclones%20and%
20typhoons%20are%20all%20types%20of%20tropical%20storms.&text=Hurricanes%20are
%20tropical%20storms%20that,over%20the%20Northwest%20Pacific%20Ocean.

Development Team of the Module

Writers: JAEZEL P. ESELLER – Teacher I -NIS
Reviewer: JOSIELYN V. AUMAN
Illustrator: JAEZEL P. ESELLER – Teacher I - NIS

Layout Artist: ALIGN LAURENCE P. MARAVILLAS –Teacher II- GRPMHS-MAIN

HYBRID MODULE TEAM:

DR. MELEDA POLITA – SDS (Ret.)
DR. REA MILANA-CRUZ – (School Principal IV-WBNHS)
JAYAR E. LONGASA – MT I (WBNHS)

Management Team:
DR. MARGARITO B. MATERUM - Schools Division Superintendent
DR. GEORGE P. TIZON -SGOD - Chief
DR. ELLERY G. QUINTIA -CID - Chief

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Schools Division of Taguig City and Pateros, Upper Bicutan, Taguig City

Telefax: 8384251

Email Address: sdo.tapat@deped.gov.ph

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