QUARTER 2 – HYBRID MODULE 4

Understanding Typhoons
Week 4

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 Let’s Learn

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you
to understand all about typhoons. The scope of this module permits it to be used in
many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse
vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard
sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to
correspond with the textbook you are now using.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. characterize a typhoon and how it develops.
2. describe the wind speed and air pressure in the different parts of a typhoon.
3. describe the effects of the eye and eyewall of the typhoon as it passes through
an area.
4. explain how landmasses and bodies of water affect the typhoon.

Let’s Try

Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the letter before the number.
1. According to scientists, tropical cyclones (bagyo) need water vapor in order to form
at specific temperature.
Which of the following is a better source of water vapor and correct temperatures?

A. Oceans at 26.5OC and above

B. Oceans at less than 26.5OC
C. Land mass at less than 26.5OC
D. Land mass at 26.5OC and above

2. Which of the following is the main difference between hurricanes and typhoons?
A. Temperature requirement
B. Direction it travels
C. Location where it was formed
D. Source

3. What condition best explains why Philippine is prone to tropical cyclones?

A. Philippine is located near the equator and thus water in its vicinity is
warming favorable for the formation of tropical cyclones
B. Philippine is located near the equator and thus water in its vicinity is cold
favorable for the formation of tropical cyclones
C. Presence of monsoons, particularly Southwest Monsoon or habagat
D. Both A and C

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4. Northern Philippines especially Luzon is the usual part hit by tropical cyclones.
Which of the following is the reason why?

A. Tropical cyclones start at the latitude of Visayas and Mindanao

B. Tropical cyclones move in the northwest direction
C. Tropical cyclones end up in Luzon
D. All of these

5. Tropical cyclones doesn’t always succeed moving throughout its path, they die out
in either land or even in the ocean. Which of the following is the reason why a tropical
cyclone would die out on land?

A. They die out because there is no warm water to sustain and keep them going
B. They die out because the water is cold
C. They die out on land because there is not enough oxygen to sustain them
D. All of these

6. Which of the following would be the reason why a tropical cyclone dies out even
if they are in the middle of the ocean?
A. They die out because there is no warm water to sustain and keep them going
B. They die out because the water is cold
C. They die out on land because there is not enough oxygen to sustain them
D. All of these

7. What causes damage in a hurricane/typhoon?

A. Winds
B. Flooding
C. Storm Surge
D. All of the above

8. It has a maximum wind speed of over 117 kph.

A. Tropical depression
B. Tropical storm
C. Typhoon
D. All of these

9. Where do hurricanes/typhoons form?

A. In a river or stream
B. Over the ocean
C. At plate boundaries
D. Under the Earth

10. What condition best explains why Philippine is prone to tropical cyclones?
A. Philippine is located near the equator and thus water in its vicinity is
warming favorable for the formation of tropical cyclone
B. Philippine is located near the equator and thus water in its vicinity is cold
favorable for the formation of tropical cyclones
C. Presence of monsoons, particularly Southwest Monsoon or habagat
D. Both A and C

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11. How does a cyclonic wind move in the northern hemisphere?
A. Clockwise
B. Counter-clockwise
C. both
D. north-south

12. What is the difference between typhoons and hurricanes?

A. Where they occur
B. Temperature
C. Amount of water
D. Wind speed

13. Where do typhoons occur?

A. Atlantic Ocean
B. Any Ocean
C. Indian Ocean
D. Pacific Ocean around Asia

14. Another name for a typhoon in the Atlantic Ocean

A. Hurricane
B. Typhoon
C. Cyclones
D. Tornado

15. What is the name of the storm that originates over the Indian Ocean?
A. Hurricane
B. Typhoon
C. Cyclones
D. Tornado

Alternatively, please answer these questions above online!

Use the link on your cellphone, laptop, or desktop:
https://forms.gle/PMJUQsdmhyKyx4Tx9
You will see the score after completing the test.
Write your score on the given circle.

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 Lesson

4 Understanding Typhoons

This module will take you on a fly-by tour outside the earth, providing you a
closer look at the asteroids, meteors, and comets. You and I will experience this one-
of-a-kind adventure. Come with me and have fun learning.

Let’s Recall

WORD GRID
Directions: The word grid consists of ten words which are attributed to
typhoons. Search for these words, then enclose or highlight each. They are
spelled either horizontally, vertically, diagonally, or backwards.

H U R R I C A N E D E D H F T
W A D E N R F E Y E E S D S Y
F C O L D A I R E L I F E Z P PACIFIC OCEAN
C E C F I L U L W A B B A I H EYE
P R E C I P I T A T I O N P O EYEWALL
T E A N A F A Y L T A E H L O STORM
N R N D O Y A K L Q I U S I N OCEAN
S T O R M U O Y L E E T H D D WARM AIR
H A H P W W A R M A I R U S A COLD AIR
A I T O I P E O P L P E O D R PRECIPITATION
M A T O P C A S B E L O V E E HEAVY RAIN
P A C I F I C O C E A N P D S HURRICANE
F R Y E F U C L O U D F O A M
E M O S R O N I A R Y V A E H

Let’s Explore
Check this out!
1. Check this out video and enjoy answering the
questions below!
• Can you give other examples of landmasses
and bodies of water?
1. Do you think these landmasses and bodies
of water affect our weather system or even
typhoons?

Learn more about the Landmasses and bodies of water that surrounds the Philippines
Click the given link below on your cellphone, laptop, or desktop
https://youtu.be/tGt8S7GUuOg
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2. Below are the examples of landmasses and bodies of water that surround
the Philippines. Rearrange the jumbled letters

ENIPPLIPHIL ESA SAILAYMA

NAPJA CIFCIPA COEAN

Let’s Elaborate

What is a Typhoon?

We all know what a typhoon is. Typhoons are violent storms on Earth.
Typhoons, hurricanes, and cyclones are the same except for the location of the weather
phenomenon where it occurs. Scientific term for these storms is 'tropical cyclone’.

If the storm occurs in the northwestern part of the Pacific Ocean, then it is
called a typhoon. If the storm occurs in the northeastern part of the Pacific Ocean
and in the northern part of the Atlantic Ocean, it is called a hurricane. If the storm
occurs over the South Pacific and Indian Ocean, it is called a cyclone

In the Philippines, we use an equivalent word for all categories of tropical

cyclones. We call it bagyo whether it's a tropical depression, a tropical storm, or a
typhoon.

We anticipate a lot of rains and strong winds when a typhoon comes. The motion of
winds in a typhoon move in a particular direction. Take a look at Figure 1.

Figure 1. A super typhoon as seen from high above the Earth; at the center is the “eye” of the super typhoon. Image by
NASA Earth Observatory

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 Take a look at the picture above, it shows a super typhoon. The spiral
arrangement of clouds blown by winds in a counterclockwise direction. A wind speed
for super typhoon is greater than 200 kilometers per hour (kph).

If the wind speed is from 119 to 200 kph, then it is called typhoon. If the wind
speed is 65 to 118 kph, then it is called tropical storm. And if the wind speed is from
35 to 64 kph, it is called tropical depression.

There are four categories of tropical cyclones namely (1) tropical depression,
(2) tropical storm, (3) typhoon, and (4) super typhoon (Table 1). A tropical cyclone is
a system of thunderstorms that are moving around a center, if the winds intensify or
weaken, the category is upgraded or downgraded accordingly.

Table 1. Tropical Cyclones Categories

Maximum Wind Speed
Category
kilometers per hour (kph)
Tropical Depression 64
Tropical Storm 118
Typhoon 200
Super typhoon greater than 200

Under What Conditions do Tropical Cyclones Form?

Tropical Cyclones need warm water vapor specifically warm ocean waters with the
temperature 26.5°C or greater and moist air to form.

Figure 2. Main parts of Tropical Cyclone image by https://www.kark.com/weather/weather-

headlines/hurricanes-formation-structure-measurement/

Main parts of the tropical cyclone are (1)Eye – center and calm part of the
tropical cyclone (2) Eyewall – violent and dangerous part highest and strongest wind
speed occur of the tropical storm (3) Rain Bands – spiral clouds that surround the
storm, it produces heavy rain and lightning

The tropical storm is spinning because of the so-called Coriolis Effect -

phenomenon that causes water and air to curve as they travel across or above the
earth surface that’s why the storm in Northern Hemisphere spin counterclockwise
while in southern hemisphere spin clockwise

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 Figure 3. image by https://scijinks.gov/review/coriolis/hurricane-direction.png

As shown below are the tracks/paths of tropical cyclones that entered the
Philippine Area of Responsibility (PAR) in the past years. Tracks were plotted by
PAGASA. Study the maps and answer the subsequent questions.

Figure 2. Tracks (paths) of selected tropical cyclones

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 Tropical cyclones are form on land or in the ocean?

The temperature of the bodies of water in the vicinity of the Philippines, is it

warm or cold?

In what direction did the tropical cyclones move?

What part of the Philippines was hit by tropical cyclones?

In the case of Tropical cyclone Tisoy, Ulysses, Ondoy, Yolanda

where did these storms die out? land or in the middle of the ocean?

Based on the maps, tropical cyclones struck the northern part of the
Philippines, tropical cyclones move in a northwest direction. There are large-scale of
winds that push the tropical cyclones in that direction, like the way a whirlpool is
carried along by a flowing stream.
When tropical cyclones reach the land, they die out because they are cut off
from the warm ocean waters that keep them going.
Now you know where tropical cyclones form, and in what direction they
generally move. Why the Philippines is prone to typhoons?

Let’s Dig In
Inside Tropical Cyclones

One thing about tropical cyclones that we should watch out for are the strong
winds. Let us now peek inside a tropical cyclone and find out in which part would
we experience strong winds.

Activity: Dissecting a tropical cyclone

Objectives:
After performing this activity, you should be able to:
1. explain what two weather factors tell weathermen that a certain location
is at the eye of a tropical cyclone; and
2. put in simple words the statement “calm before the storm.”

Materials Needed:
weather data (air pressure and wind speed)

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Procedures:
1. Figure 4 consists of two illustrations. The left one shows a tropical cyclone as seen
at an angle. White rain bands move around the center or “eye”. The right illustration
shows a cross-section of a tropical cyclone. It is like slicing it in half and looking at
it from the side.

Figure 4. (Left) View of a tropical cyclone at an angle. (Right) Cross-section of a typhoon

1. Location A is within the eye of the tropical cyclone. B, C and D are locations
that are more and more distant from the eye. The air pressure at the different
locations are:

Location A B C D
Air pressure*
930 960 980 990
in millibars (mb)
*Air pressure refers to the weight of air over a certain area.
Compare the air pressures at A, B, C and D. What do you notice?

2. Location E is within the eye of the tropical cyclone. Location F is within the
clouds surrounding the eye. The clouds at F make up the eyewall. The wind
speed at the two locations are:

Location E F
Wind speed (km/hour) 10 200

Compare the wind speed within the eye and at the eyewall. What can you say?

As you have learned from the activity, the lowest air pressure is at the eye of
a tropical cyclone. In fact, all tropical cyclones have low air pressure at the center.
This is the reason why the air in the surroundings move toward the eye. Recall in
Grade 7 that air moves toward low-pressure areas.

You also learned that at the eye of a tropical cyclone, wind speed is low. But
in the dense clouds surrounding the eye, at the eyewall itself, the wind speed is great.
When newspapers report that a tropical cyclone has sustained winds of 200
km/hour, for instance, they are referring to the winds at the eyewall.

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 When the eye of a tropical cyclone passes over a certain place, it is the winds
at the eyewall that wreak a lot of damage. As it approaches, one side of the eyewall
brings strong winds blowing in one direction. Then comes the eye with its somewhat
calm weather. As it leaves, the other side of the eyewall brings strong winds again,
but this time in the opposite direction.

Let’s Remember

HOW IS IT HAPPENED?
Directions: Fill in the missing words in each process. Choose from the options box.
I have learned…
1.Typhoons, cyclones and hurricanes are the same weather phenomenon.
The difference is the _______________ area where they occur.

2. Tropical cyclones need _________ ___________ in order to form.

3. Tropical cyclones require _______________ ocean water to be able to
develop. (26.5°C or greater)
4. Tropical cyclones generally move in a _______________ direction.
5. When tropical cyclones reach land, they _____________ because they
are cut off from the warm ocean waters that keep them going.
6. The ____________ air pressure is at the eye of a tropical cyclone.
7. At the eyewall, the wind speed is ____________.
8. When the eye of a tropical cyclone passes over a certain place, it is the
winds at the eyewall that wreak a lot of damage.

LOWEST WREAK
GREAT DIE OUT
WATER VAPOR NORTHWEST
WARM GEOGRAPHICAL

Let’s Apply

GENERAL DIRECTION: Read and analyze the situation below and answer it based
on the concept of typhoon.

1. How to prepare before a typhoon?

2. What to do during Typhoon?
3. How about after the Typhoon?

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 Let’s Evaluate
Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer.
1. Which of the following is the main difference between hurricanes and
typhoons?
A. Temperature requirement C. Location where it was formed
B. Direction it travels D. Source

2. According to scientists, tropical cyclones (bagyo) need water vapor in order to

form at specific temperatures. Which of the following is a better source of
water vapor and correct temperatures?
A. Oceans at 26.5OC and above C. Land mass at less than 26.5OC
B. Oceans at less than 26.5OC D. Land mass at 26.5OC and above

3. In May 2015, PAGASA adopted Storm Signal No. 5 that also changed the
categories of Tropical Cyclones. The following categories are correctly
matched to its corresponding maximum sustained wind speed
EXCEPT______

A. Typhoon – has maximum sustained wind speed of 118 – 220 kph or 64 –

120 knots.
B. Tropical Depression – has maximum sustained wind speed of 61 kph or
less than 33 knots.
C. Severe Tropical Storm – has maximum sustained wind speed of 62 – 88
kph or 34 – 47 knots
D. Super typhoon – has maximum sustained wind speed of above 220 kph
or more than 120 knots

4. Which of the following Public Storm Warning Signals is described

INCORRECTLY?
A. PSWS No. 1 – tropical cyclones winds of 30-60 kph are expected within
the next 36 hours and PSWS No. 2 – tropical cyclone winds of 61-120
kph are expected within the next 24 hours
B. PSWS No. 3 – tropical cyclones winds of 121-170 kph are expected within
the next 18 hours
C. PSWS No. 4 – tropical cyclones winds of 171-220 kph are expected within
the next 12 hours
D. PSWS No. 5 – tropical cyclones winds of not more than 220 kph are
expected within 12 hours

5. Which of the following is the correct sequence of the events stated below on
how a tropical cyclone is formed?

1. Air starts to spin and a tropical cyclone is born.

2. Warm ocean water (@ 26.5 OC and above) heats up the air above it.
3. Air in the surrounding will move towards the area.
4. Warm air rises resulting in a Low-Pressure Area.
5. Water vapor in the rising warm air condenses and gives off heat.

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 6. Heat makes the air rise even more and keeps the air in the surrounding
coming in.

A. 1,2,3,4,5,6 B. 6,1,4,5,2,3 C. 2,3,4,5,6 D. 5,6,3,4,2,1

6. Which of the following is INCORRECT?

A. Philippine is usually hit by tropical cyclone due to its geographical

location which is near the equator making the bodies of water near the
vicinity warmer.
B. Northern part of the Philippines is usually hit by tropical cyclone due to
its origin, movement and end point.
C. Mindanao is not usually hit by tropical cyclone due to its origin,
movement and end point.
D. None of these

For numbers 7-8 please refer to the given figure.

7. Which of the following is the correct name of
the parts of a cyclone?
A. E – eye wall and A-D are eye
B. E – eye and A-D are the eye wall
C. E – eye ball and A-D are the pupils
D. E – eye and A-E are the eyelids

8. Which of the following correctly describe the

wind speed and air pressure within the eye and at the eye wall?

A. Wind speed and air pressure are low on the eye and great on the eye wall.
B. Wind speed and air pressure are great on the eye and low on the eye wall.
C. Wind speed is low on the eye while air pressure is low on the eye wall.
D. Wind speed is great on the eye while air pressure is great on the eye wall

9. Why we should worry and be prepared during typhoons?

A. Wind at the eye of tropical cyclone because it has greater wind speed thus
greater damage.
B. Wind at the eye of tropical cyclone because it has the least wind speed thus
causes greater damage.
C. Wind at the eye wall of tropical cyclone because it has the least wind speed
thus causes greater damage.
D. Wind at the eye wall of tropical cyclone because it has greater wind speed
thus causes greater damage.

10. How does land masses and bodies of water affect typhoon?

A. They affect wind direction.

B. Disrupts the spin of typhoon
C. Dissolved or weakens typhoons
D. All of these

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 11. Why did PAGASA regularly monitors a tropical cyclone (before it enters the
PAR, if it is within the PAR and even when it is already outside the PAR)?
A. For us to be prepared and be safe.
B. Tropical cyclone might return even if it already leaves the PAR
C. Both A and B
D. Neither A nor B

12. What is the difference between typhoons and hurricanes?

A. Where they occur
B. Temperature
C. Amount of water
D. Wind speed
13. Where do typhoons occur?
A. Atlantic Ocean
B. Any Ocean
C. Indian Ocean
D. Pacific Ocean around Asia
14. Another name for a typhoon in the Atlantic Ocean is _________.
A. Hurricane
B. Typhoon
C. Cyclones
D. Tornado
15. What is the name of the storm that originates over the Indian Ocean?

A. Hurricane B. Typhoon C. Cyclone D. Tornado

Alternatively, please answer these questions above online!

https://forms.gle/abpkoMso5TL37qMR9
You will see the score after completing the test.
Write your score on the given circle.

References
Learner’s Material
https://youtu.be/tGt8S7GUuOg
https://www.slideshare.net/mobile/mhbunda/understanding-typhoons-41629924

https://www.who.int/westernpacific/emergencies/emergency-advice/typhoons
https://scijinks.gov/hurricane/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eSxN7e6uCbo
https://www.philstar.com/lifestyle/health-and-family/2018/09/14/1851493/what-do-
before-during-after-typhoon

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 Development Team of the Module
Writers: MICHELLE B. CIERVA – Teacher I (PIS)
CATHERINE H. ABELIS – Teacher I (PIS)

Content Evaluator: MARY CRIS A. CAGUING-Master Teacher I – WBNHS

Layout Artist: ALIGN LAURENCE P. MARAVILLAS –Teacher II- GRPMHS-MAIN

HYBRID MODULE TEAM:

DR. MELEDA POLITA – SDS (Ret.)
DR. REA MILANA-CRUZ – (School Principal IV-WBNHS)
JAYAR E. LONGASA – MT I (WBNHS)

Management Team:
DR. MARGARITO B. MATERUM - Schools Division Superintendent
DR. GEORGE P. TIZON -SGOD - Chief
DR. ELLERY G. QUINTIA -CID - Chief
DR. MARIVIC T. ALMO - Education Program Supervisor- Science
DR. DAISY L. MATAAC - Education Program Supervisor- LRMS/ALS

For inquiries, please write or call:

Schools Division of Taguig city and Pateros Upper Bicutan Taguig City

Telefax: 8384251

Email Address: sdo.tapat@deped.gov.ph

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