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Lecture-1

BPSC Syllabus
(Structure Programming)
Computer Programming: Introduction to computer programming. Assembling
language programming. Problem solving techniques, algorithm specification
and development. Programming style, testing and debugging. Program design
techniques: Structured and modular program design. Programming languages
and paradigms: classification.
Programming in C: Data type, statements, control structures, arrays, pointers,
strings, functions, preprocessor directives, structures, unions and bit-fields,
files.

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BPSC Exam

MCQ Part Written Part

• Introduction • Output Program
• Data Type • Conditional Operator/ Looping
• Variable • Half Complete Program
• Token, Keyword • Complete Program etc.

• Operator etc.

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C Programming

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What is C Programming?
• C is portable. High level Programming language.
• Dennis Ritchie – AT&T Bell Laboratories – 1972

C প্রোগ্রোমের উদোহরণ?
// program reads and prints the same thing
#include <stdio.h>
int main() {
int number;
scanf(“%d”, &number);
printf (“%d”, number);
return 0;
}

Note: Single line Comments: // this is a simple comments

Multiple lines comments:
/ ∗ This comment
spans
multiple lines ∗ /

bitBox Online IT Job Care, Instructor: Engr. Harun Or Roshid, Phone:017 400 14 400
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C program Gi †ewmK MVb/Structure

Documentation Section //†cÖvMÖvg m¤c‡K© মন্তব্য †jLv nq GB As‡k

link section // সিস্টেম jvB‡eªwi dvsk‡b m‡½ †cÖvMÖv‡gi wj¼ Kiv nq GB As‡k
Definition Section // mKj symbolic constants define Kiv nq|
Global declaration Section
// global †fwi‡qej Ges user define dvskb †NvlYv Kiv nq|
Main() function
{
// cÖwZwU †cÖvMÖv‡g main () dvskb _vK‡Z n‡e|
Declaration Section
†cÖvMÖvg main function †_‡K execute ïiæ nq|
Executable Part
}
Sub-Program Section
Function 1 // mKj user define dvskb †NvlYv Kiv nq|
Function 2
……………
Function N

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 C Data Types:
1. Primary Data Types
2. Derived Data Types
3. User Defined Data Type

 Primary Data Types ev dvÛv‡g›Uvj WvUv UvBct ANSI KZ©…K wba©vwiZ WvUv UvBc mg~n‡K weë Bb WvUv UvBc
ev cÖvBgvwi WvUv UvBc ev dvÛv‡g›Uvj WvUv UvBc e‡j|
weë Bb WvUv UvBc ( Built In Data ) mvavibZ Pvi cÖKvi| h_vt
- ক্যাস্টেক্টাে UvBc WvUv ( Character Data Type) - Bw›URvi UvBc WvUv ( Integer Data Type)
- †d¬vwUs UvBc WvUv ( Floating point Data Type) - Wvej UvBc WvUv ( Double Data Type)

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 BDRvi wWdvBÛ UvBc WvUv ( User Defined Data Type): C †cÖvMÖv‡g ব্যenviKvix wbR¯^ B”Qv Abyhvqx †h mKj
WvUv UvBc ˆZix Ki‡Z cv‡ib Zv‡`i †K Custom Data Type ev User Defined Data Type ejv nq|
Custom Data Pvi cÖKvi| h_vt
- স্ট্রাক্চাে ( Structure ) - BDwbqb ( Union )
- BwbDwg‡ikb ( Enumeration ) - K¬vm ( Class ) Bত্যাw`|

 wWivBfW UvBc WvUv ( Derived Data Type) : †ewmK WvUv UvBc ব্যenvi K‡i †h mKj WvUv UvBc ˆZix Kiv
Zv‡`i‡K wWivBfW UvBc WvUv ( Derived Type Data) e‡j|
Derived Type Data mg~n n‡”Qt
- অ্যাস্টে ( Array) - dvskb ( Function )
- c‡q›Uvi (Pointer) - †idv‡iÝ ( Reference ) Bত্যাw`|

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 WvUv UvBc Gi mvBR I Range :

bvg AvKvi (evBU) MvwYwZK AvKvi wb‡`©kK
Char 1 byte -128 †_‡K 127 %c
Unsigned char 1 byte 0 †_‡K 255 %c
Short or int 2 byte -32,768 †_‡K 32,767 %i or %d
Unsigned int 2 byte 0 †_‡K 65536 %u
Float 4 byte 3.4e - 38 †_‡K +3.4e + 38 %f or %g
Long 4 byte -2,147,483,648 to %ld
2,147,483,647
double 8 byte 2.3E-308 †_‡K 1.7E+308 %lf

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Variable
Variable: Variables nj †g‡gvwi location Gi bvg|
Variable Type:
1. Local Variables t hLb GKwU ভ্যাwi‡qej †K GkwU dvskb Gi gধ্যয †Nvlbv Kiv nq Ges ïay H dvskb G ব্যenvi Kiv
nq,ZLb Zv‡K †jvKvj ভ্যাwi‡qej e‡j|
2. Global Variables t hLb GKwU ভ্যাwi‡qej †K GKwU dvskb Gi evB‡i †Nvlbv Kiv nq Ges wewfbœ dvskb Gi wfZ‡iI
ব্যenvi Kiv hvq,ZLb Zv‡K Global ভ্যাwi‡qej e‡j|

Character ASCII VALUE • Key Word, Formate Specifier

A-Z 65-90 MCQ এর জন্য প্দখমেন্।
a-z 97-122
0-9 48-57
* ASCII: American Standard Code for
Information Interchange

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Variable/ AvB‡Ww›Udvqvi †NvlYvi wbqgvejx:

• AvB‡Ww›Udvqv‡i a n‡Z z ch©šÍ †QvU nv‡Zi eY© A_ev eo nv‡Zi eY©, 0 †_‡K 9 ch©šÍ AsK Ges AvÛvi †¯‹vi ( _ )
ব্যenvi Kiv hv‡e|
• Aeশ্যB bv‡gi cÖ_g ক্যv‡iKUvi a n‡Z z ch©šÍ †QvU nv‡Zi eY© A_ev A n‡Z Z ch©šÍ eo nv‡Zi eY© Gi g‡যয n‡Z
n‡e|
• AvB‡Ww›Udvqvi k‡ãi AšÍM©Z ক্যv‡iKUvi mg~‡ni gv‡S †Kvb †¯cm ev dvuKv ivLv hv‡ebv, cÖ‡qvR‡b AvÛvi‡¯‹vi
ব্যenvi Kiv hv‡e|
• eo nv‡Zi eY© I †QvU nv‡Zi eY© wfbœ ক্যv‡iKUvi wnmv‡e KvR K‡i| myZivs Total, total Ges TOTAL kã
wZbwU Avjv`v AvB‡Ww›Udvqvi wnmv‡e we‡ewPZ n‡e|
• wm fvlvi msiwÿZ kãmg~n (Keywords) AvB‡Ww›Udvqvi wnmv‡e ব্যenvi Kiv hv‡ebv|
• AvB‡Ww›Udvqvi k‡ãi †gvU ক্যv‡iKUvi msখ্যvi mxgve×Zv bvB Z‡e K¤úvBjvi cÖ_g 31 eY©‡K we‡ePbv K‡i|
• AvB‡Ww›Udvqvi k‡ã †Kvb we‡kl wPý †hgbt (+, -, !, @, #, $, %, ^, &, *) Bত্যvw` ব্যenvi Kiv hv‡ebv|

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Operator
Acv‡iUi Kx ? DËit Acv‡iUi nj GKwU cÖZxK, hv GK ev GKvwaK ভ্যvjyi ev ভ্যvwi‡qej Gi Dci KvR K‡i| D`vniY¯^iƒc:
+ GKwU Acv‡iUi hv †hvM Gi KvR K‡i|
* BDbvwi Acv‡iUi Kx ? DËit †h mKj Acv‡iUi GKwU gvÎ Acv‡iÛ wb‡q KvR K‡i Zv‡`i BDbvwi Acv‡iUi e‡j|
*evBbvwi Acv‡iUi Kx ? DËit †h me Acv‡iUi `yBwU Acv‡iÛ wb‡q KvR K‡i Zv‡`i‡K evBbvwi Acv‡iUi e‡j |

 Operators In C:
• Arithmetic Operators
• Relational Operators
• Logical Operators
• Increment/Decrement
• Assignment Operators
• Conditional Operators
• Bitwise Operators
• Special Operator

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 Arithmetic Operators t
Acv‡iUi Acv‡iUi Gi A_©
+ †hvM
- we‡qvM
* ¸b
/ fvM
% wefvRb Kivi ci fvM‡kl (gWzjvm wefvRb)

Order of operations:
Operator Evaluation direction
+,- (sign) right-to-left
*,/,% left-to-right
+,- left-to-right
=,+=,-=,*=,/=,%= right-to-left

[NB t % Acv‡iUi ïay gvÎ Bw›URvi UvBc †WUv‡Z ব্যenvi Kiv nq|]

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 Relational Operators t
wi‡jkbvj Acv‡iUi `yBwU Acv‡i‡Ûi g‡ i m¤cK© †PK K‡i| hw` m¤cK© wU m nq Zvn‡j GUv 1 value wiUvb© K‡i
Ges hw` wg v nq Zvn‡j 0 value wiUvb© K‡i| †hgb: a>b GLv‡b > nj GKwU wi‡jkb Acv‡iUi|
hw` a, b Gi †_‡K eo nq Zvn‡j a>b 1 wiUvb© Ki‡e Avi hw` Zv bv nq Zvn‡j wiUvb© Ki‡e|
†cÖvMÖvwgs wm †Z wWwmkb †gwKs Ges jyc G wi‡jkbvj Acv‡iUi envi Kiv nq|

Acv‡iUi D`vniY Ab¨ iƒc

== Equal to 5==3 returns false (0)
> Greater than 5>3 returns true (1)
< Less than 5<3 returns false (0)
!= Not equal to 5!=3 returns true(1)
>= Greater than or equal to 5>=3 returns true (1)
<= Less than or equal to 5<=3 return false (0)

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 Logical Operators t
wi‡jkb Acv‡iUim ¸‡jvi G·‡cÖkb GKwÎZ Kivi Rন্য jwRKvj Acv‡iUi ব্যenvi Kiv nq|
†cÖvMÖvwgs wm †Z 3 wU jwRক্যvj Acv‡iUi i‡q‡Q|

Acv‡iUi D`vniY Ab¨ iƒc

If c=5 and d=5 then,((c==5) && (d>5))
&& Logial AND
returns false.
If c=5 and d=5 then, ((c==5) || (d>5))
|| Logical OR
returns true.
! Logical NOT If c=5 then, !(c==5) returns false.

েযvখযvt ((c==5) && (d>5)) G·‡cÖkbwU mত্য nIqvi Rন্য c==5 Ges d>5 GB `yBUv KwÛkbB mত্য n‡Z n‡e, wKš‘ D`vniY G
†`Iqv d>5 KwÛkbwU wgথ্যv ZvB GB G·‡cÖkbwU wgথ্যv| ((c==5)|| (d>5)) G·‡cÖkbwU mত্য KviY GB G·‡cÖkbwUi 2 Uv KwÛkb
mত্য| !(c==5) G·‡cÖkbwU wgথ্যv KviY KwÛk‡b c=5 †`Iqv Av‡Q|

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 Increment Ges Decrement Acv‡iUi t

†cÖvMÖvwgs wm †Z Ò++Ó Ges Ò – –Ó †K h_vµ‡g Bbwµ‡g›U (Increment) Ges wWwµ‡g›U(Decrement) Acv‡iUi wn‡m‡e
envi Kiv nq| GB `yBwU Acv‡iUi‡KB BDbvwi Acv‡iUi ejv nq hv wm‡½j Acv‡i‡Û e¨envi Kiv nq| Ò++Ó , Ò – –Ó GB
`yBwU Acv‡iUi h_vµ‡g Acv‡i‡Ûi mv‡_ 1 †hvM K‡i Ges Acv‡iÛ †_‡K 1 we‡qvM K‡i| D`vniY ¯^iƒc ,

awi, a=5 Ges b=10

a++; //a = 6 n‡e
a -- ; //a = 5 n‡e
++a; //a = 6 n‡e
– --a; //a = 5 n‡e

i. Post-fix Ges Pre-fix wn‡m‡e Ò++Ó Ges Ò– –Ó Acv‡iU‡ii g‡ cv_© t

hLb Ò++Ó wcÖ-wd· wn‡m‡e envi Kiv n‡e, †hgb ++a, ZLb Av‡M a Gi gvb 1 e„w Ki‡e Zvici a Gi gvb †`Lv‡e|
GKBfv‡e Ò++Ó hLb †cv wd· wn‡m‡e envi Kiv n‡e,‡hgb a++, ZLb Acv‡iUi Av‡M Acv‡iÛ Gi gvb wiUvb© Ki‡e Ges
Zvici †mUvi gvb 1 e„w Ki‡e| Ò– –Ó Acv‡iUi I †cv wd· Ges wcÖ-wd· wn‡m‡e GKB fv‡e KvR K‡i|

wb‡P GKwU D`vniY Gi mvnv‡ welqwU eySv‡bv nj|

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#include <stdio.h>
int main(){
int c=2;
printf(Ò%d\nÓ,c++); //GB † ‡g›UwU cÖ_‡g c Gi gvb 2 display Ki‡e Zvici c Gi gvb 1 †e‡o 3 n‡e|
printf(Ò%dÓ,++c ); //GB † ‡g›UwU cÖ_‡g c Gi gvb 1 evov‡e Ges Zvici †mUv c Gi gvb display Ki‡e|
return 0; 1.#include <iostream>
} 2.using namespace std;

AvDUcyUt 2 3.int main() {

4 4.int a,b,c,d;
5.a=15;
6.b=10;
7.c=++a - b;
8.printf("a=%d b=%d c=%d\n",a,b,c);
9.d=b++ + a;
10.printf("a=%d b=%d d=%d\n",a,b,d);
11.return 0; Output:
12.} a=16 b=10 c=6
a=16 b=11 d=26
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 Assignment Operator t
eûj eüZ Acv‡iUi nj GmvBb‡g›U Ò=Ó Acv‡iUi| GB Acv‡iUiwU, Acv‡iUi Gi Wvb cv‡ki value Gi evg cv‡ki
variable G GmvBb K‡i| D`vniY¯^iƒc t
var=5; //5 is assigned to var
a=c; //value of c is assigned to a
5=c; // Error! 5 is a constant

Acv‡iUi Short Hand Long Hand

= a=b a=b
+= a+=b a=a+b
-= a-=b a=a-b
*= a*=b a=a*b
/= a/=b a=a/b
%= a%=b a=a%b

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 Conditional Operators t
†cÖvMÖvwgs wm †Z wWwmkb †gwKs Gi R KwÛkbvj Acv‡iUim envi Kiv nq| †hgb , †U KwÛkb Abymv‡i wewfbœ † ‡g›U
Gw·wKDU nIqv , GUv m bvwK wg v Zvi Dci wbf©i K‡i|
KwÛkbvj Acv‡iU‡ii Syntax t
conditional_expression?expression1:expression 2
শ্ত্ত ? িত্যঃ সমথ্যা;
Example: KwÛkbvj Acv‡iUi ব্যenvi K‡i wZb msখ্যvi g‡যয me‡P‡q eo msখ্যv wbb©‡qi GKwU wm †cÖvMÖvg †jL| [DESCO-2016, NTRCA-2014]
#include<stdio.h>
int main(){
int a,b,c,big;
printf("\nEnter 3 numbers:");
scanf("%d %d %d",&a,&b,&c);
big=(a>b&&a>c?a:b>c?b:c);
printf("\nThe biggest number is: %d",big);
return 0;
}

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. Bitwise Operator:
†hvM/we‡qvM/¸Y/fvM Bত্যvw`i †P‡q GKwU we‡Ui gvb cwieZ©b K‡i †`Iqv Kw¤úDUv‡ii Rন্য A‡bK mnR KvR| ZvB A‡bK‡ÿ‡ÎB weU-
IqvBR Acv‡iUi ব্যenv‡ii gvযয‡g wnmve m¤cbœ Ki‡j †cÖvMÖv‡gi efficiency A‡bKvs‡k e„wদ্ধ Kiv hvq|

wm ল্যv•¸‡q‡R 6 wU weU-IqvBR Acv‡iUi i‡q‡Q, h_v t

Acv‡iUi Acv‡iU‡ii A_©

& Bitwise AND
| Bitwise OR
^ Bitwise exclusive OR
~ Bitwise complement
<< Shift left
>> Shift right

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i. AND Acv‡iUit
weU-IqvBR AND Acv‡iUiwU jwRক্যvj AND (&&) Gi gZB KvR K‡i| cv_©ক্য nj, GwU cÖwZwU we‡Ui Dci Avjv`v
Avjv`vfv‡e KvR K‡i|
78 = 01001110
45 = 00101101
GLb hw` Avgiv G‡`i g‡যয weU-IqvBR AND Acv‡ikb Kwi Ges †mwU‡K x bvgK GKwU †fwi‡qe‡j ivwL Zvn‡j Zvi wmন্ট্যv·
n‡e GiKg, x = 78 & 45;
GLb hw` Avgiv x Gi value AvDUcyU †`B, Zvn‡j cve 12 | wKfv‡e nj †mwU G‡`i weU প্যvUvb© jক্ষ্য Ki‡jB †evSv hv‡e|
78 = 0100 1110
45 = 0010 1101
-------------------
X = 0000 1100 = 12
[2 wU binary number Gi same ¯’vbxq As‡Ki mv‡_ AND operationn‡e]

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ii. OR Acv‡iUit
Logical OR Gi g‡Zv KvR K‡i | GLb hw` Avgiv AveviI Av‡Mi `ywU bv¤^vi we‡ePbv Kwi, 78 Ges 45 G‡`i g‡a¨ OR
Acv‡ikb Kiv n‡j x Gi gvb wK n‡e|
x = 78 | 45;
78 = 0100 1110
45 = 0010 1101
-------------------
x = 0110 1111 = 111
[2 wU binary number Gi same ¯’vbxq As‡Ki mv‡_ OR operationn‡e]

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iii. NOT Acv‡iUit

NOT Acv‡iU‡ii KvR nj GwU †h bv¤^v‡ii Dci Acv‡ikb Pvjvq †mB bv¤^v‡ii cÖwZwU weU‡K wd¬c(complement)K‡i †`q|
A_©vr †h we‡U 0 Av‡Q Zv‡K 1 evbvq, Avi †h we‡U 1 Av‡Q Zv‡K 0 evwb‡q †`q| AveviI aiv hvK `ywU bv¤^vi 78 Ges 45|
G‡`i‡K weU-IqvBR NOT Kiv n‡j wK nq †`Lv hvK|
x = ~78;
78 = 0100 1110
x = 1011 0001 = 177

x = ~45;
45 = 0010 1101
x = 1101 0010 = 210

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iv. XOR Acv‡iUit

weU-IqvBR Acv‡iUi¸‡jvi g‡যয GKwU we‡kl Acv‡iUi nj (XOR) Acv‡iUi hv‡K ejv nq G·K¬ywmf OR Acv‡iUi| XOR Acv‡ik‡b
hw` we‡Rvo msখ্যK 1 nq Zvn‡j 1 wiUvb© K‡i| ZvQvov GwU 0 wiUvb© K‡i | AveviI Avgiv `ywU bv¤^vi we‡ePbv Kwi, 78 Ges 45 |
x = 78 ^ 45;
78 = 0100 1110
45 = 0010 1101
-------------------
x = 0110 0011 = 99
[2 wU binary number Gi same ¯’vbxq As‡Ki mv‡_ XOR operation n‡e]

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v. LEFT SHIFT Ges RIGHT SHIFT Acv‡iUit
SHIFT Acv‡iUi¸‡jv †Kvb bv¤^v‡ii mgMÖ weU প্যাvUvb©‡K Wv‡b ev ev‡g wkdU K‡i †`q| aiv hvK Avgiv 78 †K 1 Ni ev‡g wkdU Ki‡Z PvB|
78 = 0000 0000 0100 1110

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0
x = 78 << 1;
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0
x = 0000 0000 1001 1100 = 156 // GKNi ev‡g wkdU Kivi ci |

RIGHT SHIFT Acv‡ikb Kiv n‡j hZNi ejv _v‡K bv¤^viwUi weU¸‡jv ZZ Ni Wv‡b m‡i hvq| RIGHT SHIFT G Wv‡bi weU¸‡jv
nvwi‡q hvq Ges ev‡g 0 †hvM n‡Z _v‡K|
45 =0000 0000 0010 1101
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1
x = 45 >> 2
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1
x = 0000 1011 => 11 // `yBNi Wv‡b wkdU Kivi ci

bitBox Online IT Job Care, Instructor: Engr. Harun Or Roshid, Phone:017 400 14 400
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 Special Operator
a. Address Operater ("&")
b. Pointer Operater("*")
c. Comma Operator
d. size of operator etc.
Comma Operator t ci¯ci m¤úK©hy³ G·‡cÖkb¸‡jv GKmv‡_ Kivi R Kgv Acv‡iUi envi Kiv nq| †hgb, int a,c=5,d;
 Size of Operator t GUv GKwU BDbvwi Acv‡iUi hv envi K‡i †WUvUvBc,Kb ›U ‡i, KPvi mn B w`i mvBR Rvbvi R
 D`vnib¯^iƒc wb‡Pi †cÖvMÖvgwU †`Iqv nj|
#include <stdio.h>
int main(){ AvDUcyU t
int a; Size of int=4 bytes
float b; Size of float=4 bytes
double c;
Size of double=8 bytes
char d;
Size of char=1 byte
printf(“Size of int=%d bytes\n”,sizeof(a));
printf(“Size of float=%d bytes\n”,sizeof(b));
printf(“Size of double=%d bytes\n”,sizeof(c));
printf(“Size of char=%d byte\n”,sizeof(d));
return 0; }

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Lecture-1

Previous Preli Question Sample:

# C programming G †KvbwU Invalid variable name? (K) Average (L) No# of- students (M) Xyz (N) y23z
# Õb’ Gi ASCII Value KZ? (K) 66 (L) 98 (M) 3000 (N) 1
# C Kx ai‡bi †cÖvMÖvwgs fvlv- (K) Low level language (L) Mid-level language
(M) High level language (N) None of these
# wb‡Pi †KvbwU ‘C’ fvlvi Keyword bq? (K) Struct (L) int (M) star (N) float
# wb‡Pi C-Program wU RUN Ki‡j output Kx n‡e?
# include<stdio.h>
int main () {printf (“%c”, 100); return (0);}
(K) 100 (L) one hundred (M) d (N) 0

# Structure I Union Gi g‡ধ্য cv_©ক্য wjL|

Written Question: -> # What is the purpose of headers files in C programming language?

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bitBox Online IT Job Care, Instructor: Engr. Harun Or Roshid, Phone:017 400 14 400