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World Catalogue of the Spider Mite Family (Acari: Tetranychidae)

Article · January 1998

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 NOTA rtc~1CA

Varroa jacobsoniOUDEMANS. 1904 (ACARI, MESOSTIGMATA, VARROIDAE)

ALSO IN BRAZIL

S.B. ALVES•, CJf.W. FLECHTitfAN:-.'0 &A.E. ROSAII

• Dept. Entomology, ESALO. Uniwrsity of 5ao Paulo. 13.400 Piraeicaba • SP.

Cl Dept. Zooiogy. ESALO. University of Sao Paulo, 13,400 Piracicaba • SP. Brazil.

• Gra<.Jate Student. Entomology.

Accepted for publication in: 3/6/1978.

RESUMO
•'
VatToa jacobsoni Oudemans, 1904 urn acaro pan..sito de c:obneias de abelhas meliferas foi encontra·
do em Java. Si.n;apura. Sui e Sudeste cb Asia, Filipilla.s. Japao, Coreia do Sui, Ruw e Europa Central.
Esse acaro coloca ovos dentro da celula com larva de abelha e OS escigios niufais alimentam da hemo-
lin!a de larvas e pupas de abelhas causando sua mortc au defonn~s principabnente nas asas. 0 ac:asa·
lamento ocone antes da emergencia de abelha adul~n. £ um actoparasito de oper.irias, ainhas e 2:an·
gO<:s.
No Brasil. foi encontra~o em c:olmeias de abelhas itldiferas, em Piracicaba e Rio Claro - Estado de
Sao Paulo. Como essa abelha se dissemina a uma velocidade media de 200 km por ano, em 10 a 15 anos
pode o acaro estar dissemi.nado por todo o Brasil e em futuro proximo, alcan~ Venezuela, Colombia.
Amenca Central ·
Pmvru-chaves: Yanoa jacobsoni, acari, A pis mt!lli[mL

Va"oa jacobsom: the parasitic honeybee
brood mite, was described by Oudemans as a
parasite of Apis cerantl indica Fabr. in Java.
GUNTHER (3) found it on the same bee
species in Singapore, describing it as Myrmo-
zercon reidi. Subsequently this mite has been
found on Apis mellifera L. in a:lmost every
country in South and South-East Asia. The
Philippines, Japan. South Korea, URSS and
Central-Europe.
The iertilized female mite lays its eggs
inside a cetl containing a·late larval honeybee
instar; nymphal stages feed on the haemo-
lymph of the larval and pupal bee, causing
their death or, more often deformations,
mainly to· the wings. Mating occurs before the
emergence of the adult bees, to which the
· fertilized females attach. It is known as an
. ectoparasit~ of workers, drones and the
queen. A smg!e bee can carry S to 7 mites.
. VarroatosiS spreads easily~ the mite changes
lU ho~t·bee readily in the hive or on a flower
when the bees are foraging. After the colcny
betomes infested, it will take about two years
fos it to develop to the point where it can be
easily noticed and can ·destroy the colony over
a period of 4 to S years (KOIVULEHrO (4)].
llarroa jacobsoni was introduced into
Pa."dgllay ai about 1975/76 (MESSAGE (5)].
We recently observed this mite on hives of the
"afriC3rJzed honey bee" in Piracicaba and in
Rio Claro, State of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Varroa
·was probabiy brought in to the State of Sao
P~:Jlo with· the futroduction of parasitized
<;ueens.
Since the "afric:mized honey bee" spreads
at an average speed of about 200 km a year
[TAYLOR (7)), Vanva jacnbsimi may be
spread all over Brazil in the next 10 to IS
ye:;.rs and als-o reach Venezuela and Co·
loc.bia. and even Central America, in a ncar
fur..:re.
Key words: Varroa jacob.vmi, Acari, 11pi.~
rr.eili{~/'3.
Setembro 1978]
LITERATURE CITED·
1. AKRATANAKUL, P. & M. BURGETT. 1975.
Varroa j'acobsoni: :1 prospective pest of honey·
bees in ma.·w puts of th:: world. Bee World
56i3):119·121.
2. EHARA, S. 1968. On two mites of ~onomic
importance tn Japan (Ar:aclulida: Acarina).
Appl. Entomol. Zool. 3(3):124·129.
3. GUNTHER, C.E•.\i. 1951. A mite a beehive
on Singapore l.sland (ACL.'in3.. uel.aptida.e).
Proc. Linnean Soc. N.W. Wales. Aust."ali;
R'OSSISTEMA, fac. Agron. Zcot•• ,
Pinhal, SP, Brasil; S•t. 1978, Vol. 3
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ALVES ET AL. 79
76:155·157.
4. KOIVUU:.HTO, Y- 1976. Varoa jacnbwni:
a r.ew mite infesting honeybees in Europe.
Brithh Bee h\~. .·n-:~1 104(4 362):16.
S. MESSAGE, D. l9i6. Pat~!~ Apicob. An. 4<?
Cor.;;r. Bmsil. Apu:t..:lt-::n. Curitiba: 97·110.
6. OUDE.\fANS, A.C. 1904. Acarolo~he A2ntee-
genkening. XII. Entomol Bu., Amstercbm
18(1):160.164.
7. TAYLOR. O.R. 1977. The put and possible fu-
tur.: ~ c! cfrican!z.ed honq·becs in the
Americas. .Bee World SS(l):l9-30.