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Locust swarms do not visit the districts that are subject to their
invasions every year, but, as a rule, only after intervals of a
considerable number of years. It has been satisfactorily ascertained
that in both Algeria and North America large swarms occur usually
only at considerable intervals. In North America Riley thought[226]
the average period was about eleven years. In Algeria the first
invasion that occurred after the occupation of the country by the
French was in 1845, the second in 1864, the third in 1866, since
which 1874 and 1891 have been years of invasion. These breaks
seem at first strange, for it would be supposed that as locusts have
great powers of increase, when once they were established in any
spot in large numbers, there would be a constant production of
superfluous individuals which would have to migrate as regularly as
is the case with swarms of bees. The irregularity seems to depend
on three facts: viz. that the increase of locusts is kept in check by
parasitic Insects; that the eggs may remain more than one year in
the ground and yet hatch out when a favourable season occurs; and
that the migratory instinct is only effective when great numbers of
superfluous individuals are produced.
The most obscure point in the natural history of the migratory locusts
appears to be their disappearance from a spot they have invaded. A
swarm will alight on a locality, deposit there a number of eggs, and
then move on. But after a lapse of a season or two there will be few
or none of the species present in the spot invaded. This appears to
be partly due to the young locusts dying for want of food after
hatching; but in other cases they again migrate after growth to the
land of their ancestors. The latter fact is most remarkable, but it has
been ascertained by the U.S. Entomological Commission that these
return swarms do occur.