PHYSICAL SCIENCE:

BIOMOLECULES
Prepared by: Alberto T. Cestona Jr.
PARA SA MGA INIWAN NG PARA SA MGA
“SO FAST” WALANG MANLILIGAW
“Think FIRST EDUCATION before
LOVE and DEVOTION”

- Sir Awi =)
LINK ORGANIZER

Sopas and
Lugaw
 CARBOHYDRATES
- food source of many living organisms in the form
of starch and sugar as well as the structural
materials for plants such as cellulose. This is the
most abundant class of biomolecules on earth.
This is made up of Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen.
3 DIFFERENT KINDS OF
CARBOHYDRATES
 MONOSACCHARIDES
- the simplest forms of
carbohydrates consist of
single carbon ring units.
The best example of
monosaccharides are the
glucose and fructose found
in the honey.
C₆H₁₂O₆
 DISACCHARIDES
Two monosaccharides’ units joined together, the most
common disaccharides are sucrose, lactose and maltose.
The disaccharides must be broken down to be used for
metabolism.
Lactose = galactose + glucose = (milk sugar)
Sucrose = glucose + fructose = (table sugar)
 POLYSACCHARIDES
are polymers that are made up of several
monosaccharides bonded together by glycosidic bonds.
Examples of polysaccharides are starch, glycogen and
cellulose.

Carbon dioxide + water + sunlight + glucose +

oxygen
AWESOME
WORDS
PROTEIN
- 20 amino acids, 9 amino acids that
cannot synthesize by the body are.
The general formula for proteins is
as follows: RCH(NH2)COOH, where
C is carbon, H is hydrogen, N is
nitrogen, O is oxygen, and R is a
variable-composition and structure
side chain. Proteins are the most
functioning molecules in living
beings, and they are essential for
their survival.
Arginine, Tryptophan, Phenylalanine, Lysine, Threonine,
Valine, Methionine, Leucine, and Isoleucine.
Best common sources of protein are red meat, fish, and
beans (plant sources) legumes. Proteins are made up of
long chain of amino acids, hence also called as
“polypeptides.”
TYPES OF
PROTEINS
1. Enzymes – act as catalyst in biochemical
reactions, used in catalytic reactions and are
very effective in fermentation of sugar.
2. Hormones – this proteins are known to
stimulate biological activity, Testosterone which
produce in the adrenal glands of men that
stimulate development of muscle size, facial and
pubic hair.
3. Structural Proteins- are found in the skin, nails and hair
known as keratin, they help the body from the harmful effects
of the environment.
4. Energy – Storing Protein – proteins that found in the seeds,
milks and eggs (albumins and globulins)
5. Transport Protein – transport the nutrients across all cell
membranes (hemoglobin-protein that carries oxygen
throughout the body)
6. Antibodies – responsible for the immunity of our body from
illnesses they are the macromolecules of protein that attack
antigens (harmful microorganisms)
Nuclei Acid – or polynucleotides for the storage and
transmission of genetic information. The nuclei acids have
two types of DNA (main carrier of genetic information, they
twisted in a double helix and codes to determine the
sequence of amino acids) & RNA (template for synthesizing a
specific protein , a single polynucleotide chain , nitrogenous
base Uracil links to adenine instead of thymine.)
Lipids – are hydrophobic molecules likes fats, oils, phospholipids
and steroids. They function as energy storage, waterproofing to
form semipermeable membrane of the cell. Fats and oils are the
most abundant category of lipids. They are called triglycerides or
triglycerols because they formed from the reaction between three
fatty acids and a glycerol (an alcohol)
Two types of Cholesterol:
-HDL- High Density Lipoprotein -GOOD Cholesterol
-LDL- Low Density Lipoprotein – BAD Cholesterol
LINK ORGANIZER

Life and
Biomolecules
BODY MASS INDEX
2

Body Mass Index = Body Height in kg

Body Height in m
BODY MASS INDEX
Underweight = < 18.5
2
Normal Weight = 18.5 - 24.9
BMI Categories: Overweight = 25 - 29.9
Obesity = BMI of 30 or
greater
Review the Pinggan Pinoy
of DOST – FNRI, after
these they will make their
reflection on what is the
importance of adopting
healthy habits and meal
planning.
Shukran Jazeelan in Arabic
Thank you in English ….