BIOMOLECULES

OBJECTIVES
1. understand the concept of biomolecules
and their importance in living organism;
2. differentiate the element present in
carbohydrates and lipids; and
3. explore the function of carbohydrates and
lipids and their effects to human body.
BIOMOLECULES
Biomolecule is any molecule that is produced
by a living organism, including large
macromolecules such as proteins,
polysaccharides, lipids and nucleic acids.
Macromolecules are large molecules composed
of thousands of covalently connected atoms
that comprised the main classes of
biomolecules.
Activity 1: Major Composition
Directions: Look for the six (6) most common elements that can be found in
biomolecules. Box the name of the elements that you’ve found. Use the acronym
CHNOPS as basis of the element names. Use the attached activity sheet at the last page
of this module.
carbohydrates - source of eNERGY
Carbohydrates, or carbs, found in foods like whole grains
and fruits, are your instant energy boosters.

Carbohydrates are the major source of energy for the

body. These are simple sugar, starch and cellulose. All
carbohydrates contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
These molecules are comprised of the elements carbon
(CHO) (C), hydrogen (H), and oxygen (O). Commonly,
these molecules are known as sugars.
 carbohydrates - source of eNERGY
They may be classified into the following:
1.Monosaccharides -The most common monosaccharides are glucose (also
called dextrose) and fructose.
 carbohydrates - source of eNERGY
2.Disaccharides
Condensation reaction is a
reaction in which two molecules
or parts of the same molecule
combine.
Hydrolysis reaction occurs when
the bond between
monosaccharides is broken with
the addition of a water molecule.
 carbohydrates - source of eNERGY
3.Polysaccharides -Three common polysaccharides - starch, glycogen, and
cellulose.
Starch is found in plant
products such as potatoes,
and glycogen is
found in animals. The material
that makes plants stand tall
and gives wood its tough
properties, is a polymer form
of glucose known as cellulose.
 LIPIDS - sTORE eNERGY
Lipids have the “job” of storing energy for later use. The term lipid refers
to a wide variety of biomolecules including fats, oils, waxes and steroid
hormones.
They do not dissolve in water; they are hydrophobic. The hydrophobic
nature of the lipids dictates many of their uses in biological systems. Lipids
are composed primarily of (CHOPS) carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, phosphorus
and sulfur (lipids also contain nitrogen in some cases).
 LIPIDS - sTORED eNERGY
Fats are a good source of stored energy while oils and waxes are used to
form protective layers on our skin, preventing infection. Some lipids, the
steroid hormones, are important regulators of cell activity. The activities of
steroid hormones such as estrogen have been implicated in cancers of the
female reproductive system
Fats are solids at room temperature and contain saturated fatty acids.
Examples of animal fats are lard and butter. Oils are liquids at room
temperature and contain unsaturated fatty acids. Most oils, such as
vegetable oil, corn oil, and olive oil are produced by plants.
 QUIZ
Directions: Read and answer the following questions. Write the letter of
your choice. Use a separate sheet of paper for your answers.
1. Which of the following elements is NOT present in the composition of a
carbohydrate?
A. carbon C. nitrogen
B. hydrogen D. oxygen
2. Lipids are composed of what group of elements?
A. Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus and Sulfur
B. Carbon, Nitrogen and Oxygen
C. Carbon, Oxygen and Phosphorus
D. Carbon, Oxygen and Sulfur
 QUIZ
3. Fats are example of which macromolecule?
A. carbohydrate C. nucleic acid
B. lipid D. protein

For items 4-5, TRUE OR FALSE

4. Carbohydrates - polymers are polysaccharides and disaccharides;
monomers are monosaccharides (simple sugars)
5. Lipids - polymers called diglycerides, triglycerides; monomers are fatty
acids
In a nutshell, you're now
equipped to be a nutrition hero!
Fuel your incredible body with
the right nutrients, decode those
labels and embark on the
journey to a healthier and more
empowered you!
thank you!