Ask the students to answer the activity to have an idea about the properties of gases.

(5 mins)
ACTIVITY 1: GETTING TO KNOW GASES
A. Gases and Its Mass
B. Gases and Its Volume
C. Gases and Its Temperature
D. Gases and Its Pressure

ACTIVITY 2: BOYLE’S LAW (10 mins)

Objective: Investigate the relationship between volume and pressure of gases at constant temperature.

Ask the following questions about the activity above. (3 mins)

Q1. What happens to the volume of the syringe as the set of weights is added on top of it?
Q2. What happens to the pressure on the syringe when the set of weights is added?
Plot a graph with the pressure at the y axis and volume at the x axis.

Q3. Describe the graph.

Q4. What is the relationship between volume and pressure of gases at constant temperature?

Properties of Gases (15 mins)

Gases have different properties. They have indefinite shape and size and fit the shape and size of their containers. Gases also have mass, volume, temperature, and pressure.
All matter has mass including gases. Volume is the amount of space occupied by the gases. Temperature is the measure of the coldness or hotness of the gas. Pressure is the
force applied by the gas particles per unit area.

What is Boyle’s law?

 The relationship between the volume and pressure of gases at constant temperature was first stated by Robert Boyle during the 16th century. He performed an
experiment wherein he trapped a fixed amount of air in the J-tube, he changed the pressure and controlled the temperature and then, he observed its effect to the
volume of the air inside the J-tube. He found out that as the pressure increases, the volume decreases. He finally concluded that the volume of a fixed amount of gas
is inversely proportional to its pressure at constant temperature.
 Pressure - the force applied perpendicular to the surface of an object per unit area over which that force is distributed.
 Volume - mathematical quantity that shows the amount of three-dimensional space occupied by an object or a closed surface.

Gas particles have very weak intermolecular force of attraction; hence they move as far as possible from each other. They have the tendency to occupy all the spaces they
are contained in. If the pressure is increased, the volume will be decreased forcing the gas particles to move closer to another.
The observations in Activity 2can be expressed in the Boyle’s Law equation:

 It is read as: The volume of a gas is inversely proportional to its pressure if the temperature and amount of gas are held constant.

Let’s look at the equation and try to change the proportionality sign (α) with the equal sign (=).

V α 1 / P at constant (k)
V = k / P thus, k = VP
The teacher will discuss that Boyle’s Law states that relationship between volume and pressure of a gas is inversely proportional which means if the Volume of a gas
DECREASES; the Pressure of the gas will INCREASE, and vice versa as long as the temperature does not change. (10 mins)
 Let us apply the equation you learned about Boyle’s Law. Since volume and pressure of the gas can be varied, let P1 and V1 be the initial pressure and volume
respectively and P2 and V2 be the final pressure and volume respectively

According to Boyle’s Law, PV= k therefore:

V1 P1 = k
V2 P2 = k
then V1 P1 = V2 P2
Example:
1. A sample of nitrogen gas (N2) has a volume of 12.0 L and a pressure of 760.0 mm Hg. When the gas is released, it gives 32.0 L of nitrogen. If the temperature is the
same, what is the new pressure of nitrogen?

Given:
P1 = 760.0 mm Hg
V2 = 32.0 L
V1 = 12.0 L
P2 = ?
Derived the equation for P2 using Boyle’s law (P1V1 = P2V2)

P2 = P1V1
V2
Solution:
P2 = 760.00 mm Hg x 12.0 L
32.0 L
= 285 mm Hg

2. A gas tank holds 20.0 L of oxygen (O2) at a pressure of 15.0 atm. How many liters will gas occupy if the pressure is changed to 0.800 atm at constant
temperature?

Given:
P1 = 15.0 atm
P2 = 0.800 atm
V1 = 20.0 L
V2 =?
Derived the equation for V2 using Boyle’s law (P1V1 = P2V2)
V2 = P1V1
P2
Solution:
15.0 atm x 20.0 L
0.800 atm
V2 = 375 L
Answer the following problems for a better grasp of the lesson:
1. Oxygen gas inside a 1.5 L gas tank has a pressure of 0.95 atm. Provided that the temperature remains constant, how much pressure is needed toreduce its volume by ½?
2. A scuba driver needs a diving tank in order to provide breathing gas while he is underwater. How much pressure is needed for 6.00 liters of gas at 1.01 atmospheric pressure
to compressed in a 3.00 L cylinder?

Where can we apply Boyle’s Law in real life situation? (3 mins)

 Boyle’s Law can be applied in real life situation like drinking soda in a can. When you shake a soda in a can before opening it, you will notice that its volume will
decrease for it will spill due to the increase in pressure.
 When we inhale, the diaphragm moves downward and ribs up and out, increasing the volume of the chest cavity and thus decreasing the pressure. When we exhale the
diaphragm moves upward and the ribs down and in, decreasing the volume of the chest cavity and thus increasing the pressure.

SUMMARY of THE LESSON: (5 mins)

 The proponent of Boyle’s Law is Robert Boyle.
 The properties of gas involved in Boyle’s Law are pressure and volume.
 The relationship of volume and pressure is inversely proportional.
 The basic equation in Boyle’s Law: P1V1=P2V2
 Boyle’s Law states that, “As pressure increases, volume decreases at constant temperature and vice versa.’’
 Volume of a gas is inversely proportional to its pressure, when the temperature and amount of gas are constant.

ACTIVITY 3: Let’s try it? (5 mins)

I. Multiple Choice
1. Volume and Pressure is at constant temperature.
a. inversely proportional to each other
b. directly proportional to each other
c. complementary
2. The relationship between the volume and pressure of gases at constant temperature was first stated by during the 16th century.
a. Robert Boyle
b. Charles Boyle
c. Einstein
3. If the Volume of a gas DECREASES; the Pressure of the gas will , and vice versa as long as the temperature does not change.
a. DECREASES
b. INCREASES
c. BALANCE

II. Checkpoint: The formula of Boyle’s Law: _____________

III. Use Boyle’s Law to solve the following problems.

1. 352mL of chlorine under a pressure of 680 mmHg are placed into a container under a pressure of 1210 mmHg. What is the volume of the container?
2. A balloon with a volume of 2.0 L is filled with a gas at 3 atmospheres. If the pressure is reduced to 0.5 atmospheres without a change in temperature, what
would be the volume of the balloon?
ASSIGNMENT (2 mins)
1. For this problem the Initial Volume is V1 = 7.2L. We are asked to find the Initial Pressure (P1). The Final Pressure is P2 = 2.00atm and the Final Volume V2 = 25.1L
2. Who is Jacques Charles?
3. What is Jacques Charle’s Law?