SCIENCE 10

QUARTER 4
MODULE 1
Gases and Kinetic
Molecular Theory
LESSON 1
Boyle’s Law
Robert Boyle
• in 1662, he studied the relationship
between the volume of a gas and its
pressure.
• observed the pressure and noticed
its effect on the volume of the gas,
without changing its temperature.
• discovered Boyle’s Law
Boyle’s Law
• the volume of the gas decreased as
the pressure exerted on it increased.
Measurable Properties of Gases
It is important to know the
commonly used units in volume,
pressure and temperature. Gases
are generally described based on
their measurable properties.
 Three measurable
properties that are
usually used in dealing
with gas laws.
1. Pressure - the force exerted by
the gas on the walls of its
container divided by the surface
area of the container.

P=F/A
 1atm = 14.69 psi

For example, after a car tire is filled with air, a

pressure gauge is used to measure the air
pressure inside it. The gauge reads 31 psi.
Get ½ sheet of
paper.
1.The air pressure for a certain tire is 109 350 Pa. What is this
pressure in atmospheres?
2.The weather news gives the atmospheric pressure as 1.07 atm.
What is this atmospheric pressure in torr?
3.An experiment at Sandia National Labs in New Mexico is
performed at an atmospheric pressure of 758.7 mm Hg. What is
this pressure in atm?
4.A bag of potato chips is sealed in a factory near sea level. The
atmospheric pressure at the factory is 761.3 mm Hg. The pressure
inside the bag is the same. What is the pressure inside the bag of
potato chips in Pa?
2. Volume –defined as the
space occupied. The
volume of the gas is equal
to the volume of the vessel
or container.
When you inflate a beach
ball, you are adding more
particles of gas. The
increase in the number of
particles hitting the walls
of the beach ball
increases the ball’s size.
Common Units of
Volume: cubic meter
(m3), cubic centimeter
(cm3), liter (L)
milliliter (mL)
When the pressure is
doubled, the volume
decreases to half.
3. Temperature –defined as
the degree of hotness or
coldness.

Units: degree Celsius (oC),

degree Fahrenheit (oF), Kelvin
(K)
 The standard
temperature is 0 ⁰C,
32⁰F or 273.15 K.
 Mathematical
Feature of Boyle’s
Law
We know that under ideal conditions, pressure is
inversely proportional to the volume of gas. The
mathematical expression of Boyle’s law can be
written as:
P ∝ (1 ÷ V) Where:
• P is pressure
• V is volume
•To translate this equation into algebraic
terms, we need to replace the inverse sign ∝
with a constant. The formula for Boyle’s
constant is k = P V.
The table below shows pressure and volume data for a set
amount of gas at a constant temperature. The third
column represents the value of the constant (k) for this
data and is always equal to the pressure multiplied by the
volume. As one of the variables changes, the other
changes in such a way that the product of P×V always
remains the same. In this particular case, that constant is
500 atm⋅mL.
A graph of the data in the table further illustrates the
inverse relationship nature of Boyle's Law (Figure 4).
Volume is plotted on the x -axis, with the corresponding
pressure on the y -axis.
 The inverse nature of this relationship tells us that
when pressure or volume change, the product of the
initial pressure and volume will be equal to the product
of the final pressure and volume. Thus, Boyle’s law
equation is written as:

P₁V₁ = P₂V₂

Where:
•P₁ is initial pressure
•V₁ is initial volume
•P₂ is final pressure
•V₂ is final volume.
 A tank of nitrogen has a volume
of 14.0 L and a pressure of 760.0
mmHg. Find the volume of the
nitrogen when its pressure is
changed to 400.0 mmHg while the
temperature is held constant.
A gas occupies 12.3 liters at a
pressure of 40.0 mmHg. What is the
volume when the pressure is
increased to 60.0 mmHg?
Convert 338 L at 63.0 atm to
its new volume at standard
pressure.
A gas occupies 1.56 L at 1.00
atm. What will be the volume
of this gas if the pressure
becomes 3.00 atm?