DRONA-1

Direction (1-5): Below are some statements, given in a random order. When these statements are sequenced properly, they’ll form a
coherent and meaningful paragraph. Answer the questions after rearranging them.

A. Natural carbon emissions are essential, but excessive human-generated gases contribute significantly to environmental issues,
notably climate change.

B. This increase in global temperatures disrupts weather patterns, contributes to the melting of polar ice caps, and results in rising
sea levels.

C. The consequences are far-reaching, affecting ecosystems, agriculture, and human settlements worldwide.

D. As these gases accumulate in the atmosphere, they form a blanket that traps heat, leading to a phenomenon commonly referred to
as the greenhouse effect.

E. In recent decades, carbon emissions have emerged as a critical issue affecting the health of our planet.

F. Carbon emissions, mainly from burning fossil fuels and deforestation, stem from human activities, impacting the atmosphere
with CO2 and other greenhouse gases.

G. The impact of carbon emissions on climate change is profound.

Q.1. Which of the following is the pair of the first and the second last statement

(1) EA

(2) FG

(3) AB

(4) GC

(5) ED

Q.2. After rearranging the sentences correctly, which of the following is a combination of TWO CONSECUTIVE statements?

(1) BG

(2) FB

(3) DB

(4) GB

(5) AF

Q.3. Which of the following options is the 4th statement from right end, after the correct rearrangement?

(1) G

(2) C

(3) F

(4) B

(5) A

Q.4. Which of the following options can fit in the sequence D__B?

(1) A

(2) C
(3) G

(4) F

(5) None

Q.5. Which of the following options is a combination of last and second last statement?

(1) AD

(2) BC

(3) BA

(4) AC

(5) CA

Direction (6-10): In the following question, some parts of the sentence may have an error. The error, if any, will be in one part of the
sentence. Find out which part of the sentence has an error and select the appropriate option. If a sentence is free from errors
select ‘No error’ as your answer.

Q.6. In February, it will be three(A)/ years since the army has seized power in Myanmar, overthrowing (B)/a democratically elected
(C)/government headed by Aung San Suu Kyi(D)/. No Error (E)

(1) A

(2) D

(3) C

(4) B

(5) E

Q.7. Man is entirely different (A) / than other animals (B) / in the utter helplessness (C) / of his babyhood. (D) / No Error (E)

(1) B

(2) A

(3) C

(4) E

(5) D

Q.8. What Dr. Joshi mainly aimed at, (A) / was to promote the (B) / self-development of the young minds (C) /committed for their
charge. (D) / No error (E)

(1) E

(2) A

(3) B

(4) C

(5) D

Q.9. I don't want you(A)/ to give that number to anyone unless(B)/ it's not an emergency(C)/, you understand? (D)/. No error. (E)

(1) D

(2) C
(3) B

(4) A

(5) E

Q.10. Rarely I had seen such /(A) a ramshackle boat and /(B) never had I actually been /(C) expected to get on board one. /(D) No
error /(E)

(1) A

(2) D

(3) E

(4) B

(5) C

Direction (11-16): Fill in the blanks with appropriate words.

Sleep disorders are conditions that result in changes in the way that you sleep. They can affect your overall health, safety and quality of
life. Sleep ____ (1) ____ can affect your ability to drive safely and increase your risk of other health problems. Some of the
signs and symptoms of sleep disorders include excessive daytime____ (2) ____, irregular breathing or increased movement
during sleep. Other signs and symptoms include an irregular sleep and wake cycle and difficulty falling asleep. There are many
different types of sleep disorders. They’re often grouped into ____ (3) ____ that explain why they happen or how they affect
you. Sleep disorders can also be grouped according to behaviours, problems with your natural sleep-wake cycles, breathing
problems, difficulty sleeping or how sleepy you feel during the day. Symptoms of sleep disorders include being very sleepy
during the daytime and having trouble falling asleep at night. Some people may fall asleep at ____ (4) ____ times, such as while
driving. Other symptoms include breathing in an unusual pattern or feeling an uncomfortable____ (5) ____ to move while you
are trying to fall asleep. Unusual or bothersome movements or experiences during sleep are also possible. Having an ____ (6)
____ sleep and wake cycle is another symptom of sleep disorders.

Q.11. What should come in place of (1)?

(1) Evaporation

(2) Activation

(3) Deprivation

(4) Excursion

(5) None of the above

Q.12. What should come in place of (2)?

(1) Drowsiness

(2) Helplessness

(3) Kindness

(4) Hopelessness

(5) None of the above

Q.13. What should come in place of (3)?

(1) Columns

(2) Rows

(3) Matrices
(4) Categories

(5) None of the above

Q.14. What should come in place of (4)?

(1) Actual

(2) Inappropriate

(3) Everyday

(4) Right

(5) None of the above

Q.15. What should come in place of (5)?

(1) Hatred

(2) Agony

(3) Urge

(4) Force

(5) None of the above

Q.16. What should come in place of (6)?

(1) Irregular

(2) Defined

(3) Sarcastic

(4) Sophomore

(5) None of the above

Direction (17-22): Read the comprehension and answer the questions given below. Some words have been emboldened for your
attention.

In coining the term ‘theory of mind’, Premack and Woodruff were referring to the ability to keep track of what someone else
thinks, feels or knows, even if this is not immediately obvious from their behavior. We use theory of mind when checking
whether our colleagues have noticed us zoning out on a Zoom call – did they just see that? A defining feature of theory of mind
is that it entails second-order representations, which might or might not be true. I might think that someone else thinks that I was
not paying attention but, actually, they might not be thinking that at all. And the success or failure of theory of mind often turns
on an ability to appropriately represent another person’s outlook on a situation. For instance, I can text my wife and say: ‘I’m on
my way,’ and she will know that by this I mean that I’m on my way to collect our son from nursery, not on my way home, to the
zoo, or to Mars. Sometimes this can be difficult to do, as captured by a New Yorker cartoon caption of a couple at loggerheads:
‘Of course I care about how you imagined I thought you perceived I wanted you to feel.’

Research on theory of mind has rapidly become a cornerstone of modern psychology. But there is an underappreciated aspect of
Premack and Woodruff’s paper that is only now causing ripples in the pond of psychological science. Theory of mind as it was
originally defined identified a capacity to impute mental states not only to others but also to ourselves. The implication is that
thinking about others is just one manifestation of a rich – and perhaps much broader – capacity to build what philosophers call
meta representations, or representations of representations.

A common view is that self-knowledge is special, and immune to error, because it is gained through introspection – literally,
‘looking within’. We have untrammeled access to our own minds and this immediacy of introspection means that we are rarely
wrong about ourselves. An alternative view suggests that we infer what we think or believe from a variety of cues – just as we
infer what others think or feel from observing their behavior. We gain self-knowledge by applying the tools we use to
understand other minds to ourselves.
 For the ancient Greeks, self-knowledge was not all-encompassing, but a work in progress, and something to be striven toward,
as captured by the exhortation to ‘know thyself’ carved on the Temple of Delphi. The implication is that most of us don’t know
ourselves very well.

Q.17. The author’s attitude towards ‘the theory of mind’ is

(1) Skeptic

(2) Supportive

(3) Analytic

(4) Argumentative

(5) Expository

Q.18. Which of the following statements reflect the author’s argument about self -knowledge?

(1) Knowing the content of one’s own mind might seem straightforward but in fact it’s much more like mindreading other people.

(2) Self-Awareness is something that can be cultivated

(3) Clear overlap between brain activations involved in meta-cognition and mindreading was observed.

(4) A simple route for improving self-awareness is to take a third person perspective on ourselves.

(5) None of the above

Q.19. In the light of the passage, which of the following statements do support the author’s argument?

(1) Self-Awareness depends on similar machinery to the theory o mind

(2) Self-Awareness is independent of general cognitive ability

(3) Self-Awareness is related to Anosognosia in the context of the passage

(4) Self-Awareness helps in recognizing our faults and collaborating effectively with others.

(5) None of the Above

Q.20. What can be the best possible meaning of the word “impute” in the context of the passage?

(1) Devote

(2) Challenge

(3) Attribute a fault or responsibility to a cause or source

(4) Assign

(5) None of the above

Q.21. Which of the following words is similar to the word “untrammeled”?

(1) Limitless

(2) Limited

(3) Restrained

(4) Confined

(5) None of the above

Q.22. Which of the following words is similar to the word ripples?

(1) Wavelet
(2) Elan

(3) Sabbatical

(4) Lax

(5) None of the above

Direction: In the given questions, one statement with a blank is given along with four words. Two of the given words can fit into
the given blank. Five options with various combinations of these words are given. Pick up the combination of the words
that fits into the blank.

Q.23. Due to the complexity of American water laws, water issues in the United States are not very ____________ nor easily fixable.

a) Amenable

b) Controversial

c) Irrelevant

d) Compliant

(1) a-b

(2) b-c

(3) b-d

(4) c-d

(5) a-d

Q.24. Chronic drought and food insecurity plague Sahel, which is already one of the poorest in the world moreover the climate and
geography of the region _______ regional communities to relative isolation.

a) Alleviates

b) Relegates

c) Downgrades

d) Transgresses

(1) a-b

(2) b-c

(3) b-d

(4) c-d

(5) a-d

Q.25. The global transition to clean energy will most likely slow due to the Trump Administration’s policies, but it will not halt or
reverse which indicates under the Trump Administration clean energy will remain _________.

a) Compatible

b) Unscathed

c) Contentious

d) Debatable

(1) a-b

(2) b-c
(3) b-d

(4) c-d

(5) a-d

Q.26. Current transportation systems cannot meet the growing demand without increasing both congestion and pollution but the
technological innovation spurred by the Fourth Industrial Revolution may offer opportunities to improve the system such as
___________ vehicles, biometrics, and ultralight materials.

a) Autonomous

b) Self-sufficient

c) Irresistible

d) Customized

(1) a-b

(2) b-c

(3) b-d

(4) c-d

(5) a-d

Q.27. The national power grid is woefully inefficient and the country is often crippled by power

shortages and blackouts like the one in 2012 where three of India’s five grids failed, leaving 20 of its 28 states and 700 million people
without electricity for hours, which forced public services and private enterprises to shut down as ___________ citizens rioted in
the streets.

a) Unbridled

b) Contented

c) Disgruntled

d) Amicable

(1) a-b

(2) b-c

(3) b-d

(4) a-c

(5) a-d

Direction (28-30): In the following sentence, some parts of the sentence have been printed in bold. One of the bold parts is
incorrectly spelled. Pick up that part and mark its number. If there is no error in the bold parts, mark (5), i.e. 'No Error'
as the answer.

Q.28. Still, that wasn't the only lingering side effect of her weakened with Brandon.

(1) That
(2) Lingering
(3) Effect
(4) Weakened
(5) No error

Q.29. It is the utmost honour of the business owner to serve the customar.
 (1) Utmost
(2) Honour
(3) Business
(4) Customar
(5) No error

Q.30. Two horses were tried up and there were a wagon and mule at the end of the street.

(1) Tried
(2) Wagon
(3) End
(4) Street
(5) No error

ANSWER KEY WITH EXPLANATION

Q.1. The pair of the first and the second last statement is EA. (Option 1)

Q.2. A combination of two consecutive statements is DB. (Option 3)

Q.3. The 4th statement from right end is G. (Option 1)

Q.4. The option that can fit in the sequence D__B is G. (Option 3)

Q.5. The combination of last and second last statement is CA. (Option 5)

Explanation: The correct order is EFDGBCA which follows a logical progression from introducing the topic (E), explaining the causes
(F), describing the effects (D, G, B), and discussing the implications (C, A). Each sentence is related to the main idea of the
paragraph and provides development and support. The last sentence (A) also serves as a conclusion that summarizes the main
point and transitions to the next paragraph.

Q.6. The error is in part A. The correct sentence should use the past indefinite tense “seized” instead of the present perfect tense “has
seized”, because here the clause after “since” denotes a point of time. So the correct option is (1) A.

Q.7. The error is in part B. The correct sentence should use the preposition “from” instead of “than” to compare two different things.
The word “than” is used to compare two similar things, such as adjectives or adverbs. For example, “She is taller than me.” The
word “from” is used to show the difference or contrast between two things. For example, “She is different from me.” So the
correct option is (1) B.

Q.8. The error is in part D. The correct sentence should use the preposition “to” instead of “for” to show the purpose or goal of
something. The word “for” is used to show the benefit or reason for something. For example, “This book is for beginners.” The
word “to” is used to show the direction or intention of something. For example, “This book is to teach you grammar.” So the
correct option is (5) D.

Q.9. The error is in part C. The word “not” is not required here as after “unless” we do not use a negative clause. So, the correct option
is (2) C.

Q.10. The error is in part A. The correct sentence should invert the subject and the verb when using the adverb “rarely” at the beginning
of the sentence. This is a rule for forming negative adverbial sentences, which are used to emphasize the negative meaning of the
sentence. For example, “Never have I seen such a thing.” The subject and the verb are not inverted when the adverb is not at the
beginning of the sentence. For example, “I have rarely seen such a thing.” So, the correct option is (1) A.

Q.11. The correct word for (1) is deprivation. Sleep deprivation means the lack of adequate sleep, which can affect your health and
well-being. The other options do not make sense in this context. Evaporation means the process of turning from liquid to gas.
Activation means the act of making something active or operative. Excursion means a short journey or trip. None of the above
means none of the given options are correct. So, the correct option is (3) Deprivation.

Q.12. The correct word for (2) is drowsiness. Drowsiness means the state of being sleepy or lethargic. Excessive daytime drowsiness is
a common symptom of sleep disorders, as it indicates that you are not getting enough quality sleep at night. The other options do
not fit in this context. Helplessness means the state of being unable to do anything to help yourself or someone else. Kindness
 means the quality of being friendly, generous, and considerate. Hopelessness means the state of having no hope or possibility of
success. None of the above means none of the given options are correct. So the correct option is (1) Drowsiness.

Q.13. The correct word for (3) is categories. Categories means groups of things that have something in common or share certain
characteristics. Sleep disorders can be grouped into categories that explain why they happen or how they affect you. For
example, some categories of sleep disorders are insomnia, sleep apnoea, narcolepsy, and parasomnias. The other options do not
make sense in this context. Columns means vertical arrangements of items or data. Rows means horizontal arrangements of
items or data. Matrices means rectangular arrays of numbers or symbols. None of the above means none of the given options are
correct. So, the correct option is (4) Categories.

Q.14. The correct word for (4) is inappropriate. Inappropriate means not suitable or proper for a particular situation or purpose. Some
people may fall asleep at inappropriate times, such as while driving, which can be very dangerous and indicate a sleep disorder.
The other options do not fit in this context. Actual means existing in fact or reality. Everyday means ordinary or commonplace.
Right means correct or morally good. None of the above means none of the given options are correct. So, the correct option is
(2) Inappropriate.

Q.15. The correct word for (5) is urge. Urge means a strong desire or impulse to do something. Some people may feel an uncomfortable
urge to move while they are trying to fall asleep, which can be a sign of restless legs syndrome, a type of sleep disorder. The
other options do not match the context. Hatred means intense dislike or hostility. Agony means extreme physical or mental pain.
Force means strength or energy exerted or brought to bear. None of the above means none of the given options are correct. So
the correct option is (3) Urge.

Q.16. The correct word for (6) is irregular. Irregular means not following a regular or predictable pattern. Having an irregular sleep and
wake cycle is another symptom of sleep disorders, as it means that you are not following a consistent routine of sleeping and
waking up. The other options do not suit the context. Defined means clearly stated or outlined. Sarcastic means using irony or
mockery to convey contempt or ridicule. Sophomore means a second-year student in a US high school or college. None of the
above means none of the given options are correct. So, the correct option is (1) Irregular.

Q.17. Solution: The author attitude towards “the theory of mind” is expository as he is informing and explaining us about the theory of
mind. Hence, the correct answer is option (E).

Q.18. Solution: The correct answer is option (d). As the author says in the 2nd last paragraph of the passage, “An alternative view
suggests that we infer what we think or believe from a variety of cues – just as we infer what others think or feel from observing
their behavior.” Hence, the correct answer is option (D).

Q.19. Solution: After reading the whole passage, it can be inferred that statement (A) is correct. Hence, the correct answer is option
(A).

Q.20. Solution: The correct answer is option (c).

Q.21. Solution: the correction is option (a). The word untrammeled means completely free.

Q.22. Solution: The word ripples mean: A ripple is a small wave on the surface of something, such as a ripple that forms a ring around
the spot where you threw a pebble into the pond. Elan means energetic, sabbatical means postponement of something, Lax
means relax. Hence, the correct answer is wavelet.

Q.23. The correct pair of words for the blank is amenable and compliant. These words mean willing to agree or cooperate. The sentence
implies that water issues in the United States are not very easy to resolve or manage due to the complexity of American water laws. The
other options do not fit the context. Controversial means causing disagreement or debate. Irrelevant means not related or important. So,
the correct option is (5) a-d.

Q.24. The correct pair of words for the blank is relegates and downgrades. These words mean to assign to a lower rank or position. The
sentence implies that the climate and geography of the region make the regional communities isolated and marginalized. The other
options do not match the context. Alleviates means to reduce or ease. Transgresses means to violate or break. So the correct option is
(2) b-c.
Q.25. The correct pair of words for the blank is compatible and unscathed. These words mean able to coexist or function well, and not
harmed or damaged. The sentence implies that the global transition to clean energy will not be affected or hindered by the Trump
Administration’s policies. The other options do not suit the context. Contentious means causing or likely to cause an argument.
Debatable means open to discussion or dispute. So, the correct option is (1) a-b.

Q.26. The correct pair of words for the blank is autonomous and customized. These words mean having self-government or
independence, and made or modified according to personal preferences or needs. The sentence implies that the technological innovation
may offer opportunities to improve the system with vehicles, biometrics, and ultralight materials that are more efficient and
personalized. The other options do not make sense in this context. Self-sufficient means needing no outside help or support. Irresistible
means too attractive or tempting to be resisted. So, the correct option is (5) a-d.

Q.27. The correct pair of words for the blank is unbridled and disgruntled. These words mean uncontrolled or unrestrained, and
dissatisfied or angry. The sentence implies that the national power grid failure caused a lot of chaos and frustration among the citizens
who rioted in the streets. The other options do not fit the context. Contented means happy or satisfied. Amicable means friendly or
cordial. So the correct option is (4) a-c.

Q.28. The spelling error is in part 4. The correct spelling of the word is weekend, not weakened. Weekend means the end of the week,
usually Saturday and Sunday. Weakened means made weaker or less effective. The sentence implies that the person had some
side effect of spending the weekend with Brandon, not being weakened by him. So the correct option is (4) Weakened.

Q.29. The spelling error is in part 4. The correct spelling of the word is customer, not customar. Customer means a person who buys
goods or services from a business. Customar is not a word in English. The sentence implies that the business owner wants to
serve the customer, not something else. So the correct option is (4) Customar.

Q.30. The spelling error is in part 1. The correct spelling of the word is tied, not tried. Tied means fastened or
attached with a rope or string. Tried means attempted or tested. The sentence implies that the horses were
tied up, not tried up. So, the correct option is (1) Tried.