Experiment # 08

Filter Design
RNEW 320
Submitted To: Prof. Wang

Submitted By:
Rakan Althaqfi A00627734

Rayan Althaqafi A00628755

Abdullah Alharbi A00616582

Abdulrahman Alazmi A00625308

 Experiment#8
Abstraction:

In this lab students will design the Filter Circuit and verify the circuit using the equations and the
Multisim simulation. This experiment allows them to understand how to Design and analyze a
Filter Circuit. Students will analyze the circuit response. Multisim environment is used to
monitor the overall behavior of the circuit and results are plotted using oscilloscope.

Objective:

The objective of this experiment is to begin to become familiar with the properties and uses of
the Filters in circuits and engineering general.

Equipment’s Required:

 Resistors
 Capacitors
 Inductors
 Connecting wires
 Bread board
 Voltage source
 Oscilloscope

Software Required:

1. Multisim

Introduction:

Circuits with a response that depends upon the frequency of the input voltage are known as
filters. Filter circuits can be used to perform a number of important functions in a system.

Although filters can be made from inductors, resistors and capacitors most filter circuits are
based upon op-amps, resistors and capacitors.

Filter types and characteristics

A filter is a circuit whose transfer function, that is the ratio of its output to its input, depends
upon frequency. There are three broad categories of filter which are widely used:

Low-pass filters allow any input at a frequency below a characteristic frequency to pass to
its output unattenuated or even amplified.
High-pass filters allow signals above a characteristic frequency to pass unattenuated or even
amplified.

Band-pass filters allow frequencies in a particular range to pass unattenuated or even

amplified.

The transfer function of a circuit is usually expressed on a logarithmic scale in decibels, and
since the fundamental quantity of interest is power, a filter is characterized by The symbols and
Bode diagrams for the ideal transfer functions for these filters are shown in

Figure (18) Figure 18 The symbols and characteristics of three types of filters

Procedure:

 Build a circuit as illustrated in Figure 1.

Figure 1: Phase Shift Filter

  Run Select “National Instruments” – “Circuit Design Suite” - Multisim
 Select “place” – “components”
 Apply a voltage source with the voltage equal to 120V with frequency of 60 Hz.
 Select the AC sweep analysis from the simulate and analysis button to check the response
of the circuit.
 Analyze the plot of the output

Schematic

Figure 2: Phase Shift Filter

Results:

Figure 3: Output of Phase shift filter

At 1 MHz, the phase shift is -135 degrees.

Procedure:

Now repeat same procedure for second circuit(LOW Pass Filter):

 Build a circuit as illustrated in Figure 4.

Figure 4: Low Pass Filter

 Run Select “National Instruments” – “Circuit Design Suite” - Multisim
 Select “place” – “components”
 Apply a voltage source with the voltage equal to 120V with frequency of 60 Hz.
 Select the AC sweep analysis from the simulate and analysis button to check the response
of the circuit.
 Analyze the plot of the output

Schematic

Figure 5: Low Pass Filter

Results:

Figure 6: Output of Low Pass Filter

Cut-off frequency is 1(2πτ). Time constant τ is L/R.

Procedure:

Now repeat same procedure for Third circuit(High Pass Filter):

 Build a circuit as illustrated in Figure 7.

Figure 7: High Pass Filter

 Run Select “National Instruments” – “Circuit Design Suite” - Multisim
 Select “place” – “components”
 Apply a voltage source with the voltage equal to 120V with frequency of 60 Hz.
 Select the AC sweep analysis from the simulate and analysis button to check the response
of the circuit.
  Analyze the plot of the output

Schematic

Figure 8: High Pass Filter

Results:

Figure 9: Output of High Pass Filter

Cut-off frequency is 1(2πτ). Time constant τ is L/R.

Conclusion:

 Filters are used to eliminate undesired high frequencies (i.e., noise) that are present on
AC input lines. Additionally, filters are used on a power supply's output to reduce ripple.
 Low Pass Filters are in audio amplifiers, equalizers or speaker systems to direct the
lower frequency bass signals to the larger bass speakers or to reduce any high frequency
noise or “hiss” type distortion.
 High Pass Filters are in audio amplifiers, equalizers or speaker systems to direct
the high frequency signals to the smaller tweeter speakers or to reduce any
low frequency noise or “rumble” type distortion.

References:

1. http://www.bndhep.net/Lab/Filter/Filter.html
2. https://www.electronics-tutorials.ws/filter/filter_2.html