EC2010: Sensing & Instrumentation Practice Jan-May 2023

Exp No.3: INSTRUMENTATION AMPLIFIER AND

DIFFERENT FILTERS

AVINASH CHOUDHARY (EC21B1051)

February 6, 2023

Objective
• To Design an Instrumentation Amplifier for a given gain requirement.

• To study how circuits can have frequency dependent impedence.

• To design RC filter circuits.

• To analyze frequency response of the signal.

Question 1:
Design a Low pass circuit.

Simulation Setup

Figure 1: Circuit Design

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Results

Figure 2: Output

Exercise
Low pass filter can be made using a capacitor and resistor. Resistor is placed in series with
the input voltage and Capacitor is connected in parallel to the input voltage. The output
voltage is measured across the capacitor. It only allows voltage with low frequency and not
that with higher frequency.

Question 2:
Design a High pass filter.

Simulation Setup

Figure 3: Circuit Design

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Results

Figure 4: Output magnitude

Figure 5: Output phase

Exercise
To design a high pass filter we need a voltage source with a resistor and capacitor. Capacitor
shall be connected in series with the input voltage while the resistor in series with the input
voltage. The output voltage is measured across the resistor. This setup only allows voltage of
high frequency to pass through it and not that with higher frequency.

Question 3:
To design a Band pass filter.

Simulation Setup

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 Figure 6: Circuit Design

Results

Figure 7: Output magnitude

Figure 8: Output phase

Exercise
A bandpass filter can be made on cascading a low pass filter with high pass filter. Basically
it allows signal within the range of particular frequencies.

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Question 4:
To design a second order Low pass and High pass filter with cutoff frequency of 150 Hz.

Simulation Setup

Figure 9: Circuit Design-low,high pass

Results

Figure 10: Output magnitude-low pass

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 Figure 11: Output phase-low-pass

Figure 12: Output magnitude-high-pass

Figure 13: Output phase-high-pass

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Exercise
√
The cutoff frequency of second order circuit ( high-pass or low-pass ) is f = 1/2π R1C1R2C2
. Based on this formula the R, C values can be calculated and circuit can be designed. To
make it as second order two of same circuit can be cascaded.

Question 5:
To design an Instrumentational amplifier.

Simulation Setup

Figure 14: Circuit Diagram

Results

Figure 15: output on multimeter

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 Figure 16: Observations

Exercise
A typical instrumentation amplifier comprises of 3 op-amps-two of which are input buffers
while the other one is configured as a standard differential amplifier. Instrumentation amplifier
has very low DC offset, low drift and low noise. The two input buffers of the instrumentation
amplifier eliminate the need for external impedance matching. This allows instrumentation
amplifier to be used for amplifying both high and low impedance sources, increasing its flexi-
bility. V out = (V 2 − V 1)(1 + 2R/Rgain).Again = 1 + 1R/Rgain Av calculated is 51. CMRR
calculatd is approx 6.

Question 6:
Simulate an instrumentation amplifier with resistive transducer bridge circuit to amplify the
input voltage by a gain. Operate the bridge circuit under balanced and unbalanced condition
and measure the output voltages using multimeter. Write out the inference of the simulation.

Simulation Setup

Figure 17: Circuit Diagram-unbalenced bridge

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 Figure 18: Circuit Diagram-balenced bridge

Results

Figure 19: Respective outputs

Exercise
Resistive transducers help divide the input voltage into different ratio to the output voltage.
Here we can observe that output voltage in balanced case is little more than that in unbalanced
case.

Learning Outcomes
• Instrumentation amplifiers are learnt both in theory and in practical.

• Different types of low pass and high pass filters are designed and studied.

• Working with advanced instruments in Multisim is learnt.

Thank you