EC2010: SENSING AND INSTRUMENTATION

PRACTICE JAN-MAY 2023

EXPERIMENT NO 3: INSTRUMENTATION AMPLIFIER
31 JANUARY 2023

NAME:VISHVAS VALUPADASU ROLL NO:EC21B1052

OBJECTIVES:

To design an instrumentation amplifier for given a specific gain requirement.

QUESTION 1: TO DESIGN AN INSTRUMENTATION AMPLIFIER FOR

GIVEN A SPECIFIC GAIN REQUIREMENT

1 SIMULATION

1
2 RESULT
THIS IS THE RESULT OF INSTRUMENTATION AMPLLIFIER DESIGNED
IN MULTISIM

3 EXERCISE
A typical instrumentation amplifier comprises of 3 op-amps-two of which are
input buffers while the other one is configured as a standard differential am-
plifier. V out = (V2 V1)(1 + 2R/R gain). Av = (1 + 2R/R gain). Please
note that the lowest gain possible with the above circuit is obtained with Rgain
completely open (infinite resistance), and that gain value is 1.

2
 QUESTION 2: i. Simulate an instrumentation amplifier with resistive trans-
ducer bridge circuit to amplify the input voltage by a gain. ii. Operate the
bridge circuit under balanced and unbalanced condition and measure the out-
put voltages using multimeter. Write out the inference of the simulation.

4 SIMULATION

5 RESULT

3
6 EXERCISE
Instrumentation amplifier with resistive transducer bridge circuit to amplify the
input voltage by a gain is simulated and the bridge circuit under balanced and
unbalanced condition and measure the output voltages using multimeter. The
multimeter reading is shown as 2.778mV

4
EC2010: SENSING AND INSTRUMENTATION
PRACTICE JAN-MAY 2023
EXPERIMENT NO 4: FILTERS
31 January 2023

NAME:VISHVAS VALUPADASU ROLL NO:EC21B1052

OBJECTIVES:
1. To study how circuits can have frequency-dependent impedance.
2. To design RC circuits to filter signals.
3. To analyze the frequency response of the filter.

QUESTION 1: DESIGNING A LOW PASS FILTER

1 SIMULATION

2 RESULT

1
3 EXERCISE
A low pass filter is designed to pass all frequencies below the cut-off-frequency
and reject all other frequencies above the cut-off. Xc = 1/2PIfC. The Bode Plot
shows the Frequency Response of the filter to be nearly flat for low frequencies
and all of the input signal is passed directly to the output, resulting in a gain
of nearly 1, until it reaches its cut-off frequency point fC . This is because the
reactance of the capacitor is high at low frequencies and blocks any current flow
through the capacitor.
QUESTION 2: DESIGNING A HIGH PASS FILTER

4 SIMULATION

5 RESULT

2
6 EXERCISE
High pass filter passes signals above the cut-off frequency and eliminating low
frequency signals from the source.the reactance of the capacitor is very high at
low frequencies so the capacitor acts like an open circuit and blocks any input
signals at Vin until the cut-off frequency fC is reached. Above fC the reactance
of the capacitor starts reducing so that it starts to act more like a short circuit
allowing all of the input signals to pass directly to the output.

QUESTION 3: DESIGNING A BAND PASS FILTER

7 SIMULATION

8 RESULT

3
9 EXERCISE
Band Pass Filters can be used to filter out certain frequencies that lie within
a particular band or range of frequencies. By cascading a high pass filter with
a low pass filter circuit, we can form another type of passive RC filter that
passes a selected range or band of frequencies that can be either narrow or
wide while attenuating all those outside of this range. This new type of passive
filter topology produces a frequency selective filter known commonly as a Band
Pass Filter. Band Pass Filters pass signals within a certain band of frequencies
without distorting the input signal or introducing extra noise. This band of
frequencies can be any width and is commonly known as the Bandwidth.