Open Computer Science 2023; 13: 20220280
Research Article
Yajuan Zhang, Ru Jing*, Xiang Ji, and Nan Hu
Application of wireless sensor network
technology based on artificial intelligence
in security monitoring system
https://doi.org/10.1515/comp-2022-0280
received January 17, 2023; accepted June 16, 2023
Abstract: The safety monitoring system has been used to
monitor and manage engineering safety operation. The
application scope of the safety monitoring system is very
wide. It has a wide range of applications in the fields of
pipeline safety monitoring, electrical safety monitoring
and household safety monitoring. This article studied the
application process of the household safety monitoring
system. Many home safety accidents are caused by inade-
quate monitoring of safety problems. Therefore, it is very
important to establish a household safety monitoring
system. Traditional home safety monitoring systems only
rely on cameras for safety monitoring, and the traditional
home safety monitoring system uses too few sensors. With
the continuous development of wireless sensor network
(WSN) technology, it is possible to build a sensor node net-
work, but provides real-time information for home security
monitoring to the greatest extent. This article compared the
home safety monitoring system based on the WSN tech-
nology of artificial intelligence (AI) with the traditional
home safety monitoring system. The experimental results
showed that in the large-scale home environment, the average
monitoring accuracy of the traditional home security moni-
toring system and the home security monitoring system based
on the WSN technology of AI was 77.76 and 89.36%, respec-
tively. In the small-scale home environment, the average

* Corresponding author: Ru Jing, Department of Information
Engineering, Hainan Vocational University of Science and Technology,
Haikou 571126, Hainan, China, e-mail: rufeng121@163.com
Yajuan Zhang: Department of Information Engineering, Hainan
Vocational University of Science and Technology, Haikou 571126, Hainan,
China, e-mail: zyj020525@hvust.edu.cn
Xiang Ji: Department of Information Engineering, Hainan Vocational
University of Science and Technology, Haikou 571126, Hainan, China,
e-mail: jixiang_david@163.com
Nan Hu: Department of Business Administration, Hainan Vocational
University of Science and Technology, Haikou 571126, Hainan, China,
e-mail: 314279324@qq.com
Open Access. © 2023 the author(s), published by De Gruyter.
monitoring accuracy of the traditional home safety moni-
toring system and the home safety monitoring system based
on the WSN technology of AI were 87.63 and 94.43%, respec-
tively. Monitoring accuracy refers to the accuracy of the
household safety monitoring system in detecting safety issues.
Therefore, the application of the WSN technology based
on artificial intelligence to the home safety monitoring
system can effectively improve the accuracy of home safety
monitoring.
Keywords: safety monitoring system, wireless sensor net-
work, artificial intelligence, computer science, home security
1 Introduction
With the rapid development of the economy, people have
new requirements for the working and living environment.
The safety of traditional Chinese residential or office envir-
onments is very low. Every year, many families encounter
fires, electricity leakage, and other situations, which also
lead to many family safety accidents. In the first half of
2015, various types of domestic fires, gas explosions, gas
poisoning, building collapses, and other residential safety
accidents occurred in China, resulting in a total economic
loss of at least 35 billion yuan, with at least 20,000 deaths
and injuries. In traditional families, people lack a safety
monitoring system. Due to people’s negligence or accident,
many safety problems have occurred in many life scenarios,
such as forgetting to close the gas valve when sleeping and
forgetting to close the hot kettle when boiling water. The
safety monitoring system can reflect the monitored object in
real time, visually, and truly. It can replace manual moni-
toring for a long time in harsh environments and record it
through a video recorder. With the development of Internet-
of-Things technology, smart home appliances based on sen-
sors have been designed. People can obtain all kinds of
information about the family through sensors, including
dangerous information, which provides people with a safe,
reliable, and intelligent living environment. The development
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
2  Yajuan Zhang et al.
and application of sensors in home safety monitoring also
experienced two stages. The first stage is single sensor or
simple multiple sensors. Although some home safety informa-
tion can be obtained through sensors, the fields involved are
not comprehensive, leading to obvious defects in the home
safety monitoring system. Multi-sensor refers to the collec-
tion, aggregation, or combination of information collected
and provided by multiple sensors. The second stage is wire-
less sensor network (WSN), which monitors the home envir-
onment in all aspects by combining many sensor nodes into a
network structure. With the development of wireless sensor
technology, WSNs can provide real-time monitoring data in
the home environment. With the help of artificial intelligence
(AI) technology, data are analyzed to intelligently judge the
safety of the home environment, thus improving the effect of
home safety monitoring. Therefore, this article has research
significance, applying WSNs to household safety monitoring
systems to improve household safety monitoring effective-
ness and ensure people’s residential safety.
In people’s lives, hidden safety problems can be seen
everywhere. Many people have conducted in-depth research
on the construction of safety monitoring systems. Wu pro-
posed a time series analysis method of the hidden Markov
model. He realized pipeline safety monitoring by analyzing
the reflection frequency of light in the pipeline, which could
effectively improve the accuracy of pipeline safety moni-
toring [1]. Wang’s research pointed out that the train central
control system was the main condition to ensure the safety
of train traffic. Based on the traditional train control system,
he introduced topological space to describe the track and
time of train movement, so as to accurately monitor the
train operation [2]. Adamo’s study pointed out that the
dam was an important barrier to prevent floods. He effec-
tively ensured the safety of the people around the dam
through safety monitoring of the rock characteristics of
the dam and the impact resistance of the dam, and timely
repaired when the dam was damaged [3]. Chavhan’s
research pointed out that drugs were very important
for people’s health. However, there were many phe-
nomena of counterfeiting and cheating in drugs. Through
the drug safety monitoring system, the production pro-
cess and sales channels of drugs were monitored in real
time, which could ensure the safety of drugs [4]. The
security monitoring system has a wide range of applica-
tions and can achieve accurate security monitoring in
various fields, but it lacks the use of sensors to obtain
data information.
With the continuous development of the Internet-of-
Things technology, data collection can be realized by using
sensors. Relevant researchers have formed a network struc-
ture of multiple sensor nodes and applied them to the
security monitoring system. Among them, Abdulkarem
applied WSNs to structural health monitoring. Compared
with traditional wired systems, structural health monitoring
based on WSNs could effectively improve the safety of cities
[5]. Salman improved the traditional single-sensor intelli-
gent alarm system. He built an adaptive alarm system for
WSNs, using sensors on the development kit to collect
ambient light colors to implement an environmental adap-
tive alarm system, which could improve the sensitivity
of the alarm system [6]. Islam and Rahaman proposed a
medical monitoring system based on the environment of
the Internet of Things, which coordinated the work of mul-
tiple sensors, including room-temperature sensor, heartbeat
sensor, and body temperature sensor. WSNs could obtain
more comprehensive medical data [7]. The application of
WSN technology to the security monitoring system can
obtain more detailed monitoring information through sen-
sors, but it lacks intelligent analysis of the monitoring
system.
In order to effectively analyze household safety mon-
itoring, this article adopted the method of setting up a
control group for safety monitoring and analysis. Sensors
can provide accurate and direct physical information. This
article used wireless communication technology to form a
network structure of many sensors and applied them to the
home security monitoring system. Through AI technology,
the acquired data were analyzed for security. The home
safety monitoring system based on AI WSN technology was
compared with the traditional home safety monitoring
system. The results showed that the home safety moni-
toring system based on WSN technology could improve
the comprehensiveness of monitoring.
2 Application method of safety
monitoring system
With the continuous progress of information technology,
people’s life and communication technology are closely
linked. Information technology has changed people’s life-
style, and the living environment has also changed dramati-
cally. The traditional residential communication equipment is
simple and can only realize simple communication between
residential buildings. Because of the poor communication
technology, the traditional residents cannot realize the
home safety monitoring, which makes it difficult to transmit
the traditional residence safety information to people in
time. Intelligent technology is constantly developing, and
smart homes can realize intelligent communication between

people and the home environment. Through the monitoring
system, the house can be monitored in real time and safely
to create a safe and comfortable home environment. The
structural model of the household safety monitoring system
is shown in Figure 1.
In Figure 1, the structural model of home safety mon-
itoring is described. Through monitoring equipment, the
main home safety information is obtained, including
kitchen, bedroom, corridor, balcony, living room, and ele-
vator. Through the Internet, the monitoring information
of all parts of the home is integrated to achieve remote
monitoring of home safety.
The security monitoring system is a network system
built with a large number of monitors, which realizes
diversified intelligent security monitoring by integrating
and analyzing the information of each monitor [8,9]. Now,
home life is full of modern elements, and various intelligent
devices provide people with great convenience in life. How-
ever, security issues also arise. In the modern home envir-
onment, people are prone to security problems in their
homes due to work reasons or the decline in security aware-
ness. For example, when people forget to close the gas valve
while cooking, it is easy to cause gas poisoning or fire.
The household safety monitoring system covers a wide
range of areas, including anti-theft security, fire preven-
tion, and electricity prevention. For example, if there is an
abnormal situation in the home, the owner can be notified
in time. The composition and content of toxic gas in the
room can be detected automatically. The traditional home
safety monitoring system relies on sensor equipment to rea-
lize the safety monitoring of a single home device. The
monitoring system
Kitchen
Balcony
Figure 1: Structural model of household safety monitoring system.
Application of wireless sensor network technology  3
traditional home safety monitoring system can monitor
the subsystems of the home environment, but it can not
realize the association between multiple home subsystems.
2.1 WSN technology
The Internet of Things refers to the use of various sensing
devices to obtain external environmental information,
which realizes the exchange of collected information with
the help of communication protocols to achieve the role of
information exchange [10,11]. The core of information acqui-
sition of the Internet of Things is the sensor device, which is
an embedded physical device with automatic detection and
control functions [12]. The sensor has a wide range of appli-
cations. It can be used to obtain household environmental
information and be applied to household safety monitoring
system.
WSN is a distributed sensor network. In WSNs, the net-
work node terminal can obtain the external environment
information and can interconnect all the acquired informa-
tion [13,14]. The structure model of WSN is shown in Figure 2.
In Figure 2, the structure model of WSN is described.
WSN includes sensor nodes and sink nodes. Sensor nodes
can be installed in every corner of the home environment.
According to the characteristics of sensors, the monitoring
of different home information can be realized. The aggre-
gation node can collect and sort out the data obtained by
multiple sensor nodes, which is conducive to the compre-
hensive analysis of WSN data.
Home safety
Bedroom Corridor
Internet
Sitting room Elevator
Remote monitoring
4  Yajuan Zhang et al.

Sensor node

Sink node

Remote Home environment

monitoring

Figure 2: Structure model of WSN.

Wireless sensor node itself is a small embedded system
with certain storage and processing capabilities. However,
the most important thing is to obtain external environ-
mental information. Wireless sensor nodes can store and
forward the information forwarded by the surrounding
nodes in addition to acquiring information by themselves.
The sink node has very strong storage and communi-
cation capabilities. By connecting with multiple sensor
nodes, information communication between sensors is rea-
lized, and the status of sensor nodes can also be monitored.
The collected data information is integrated, and finally,
the resource data are uploaded.
The structural model of sensor nodes is shown in
Figure 3.
In Figure 3, the structure model of sensor nodes is
described. The sensor node is structurally divided into
three modules, namely, data acquisition area, data proces-
sing area, and data transmission area.
WSNs realize information exchange and resource sharing
between different sensor nodes by setting a unified commu-
nication protocol [15]. The physical layer provides very simple
modulated signals. The network layer performs routing selec-
tion. The transport layer performs data flow transmission
control. The application layer transmits the collected
information to the user. WSN is a network structure com-
posed of numerous sensor nodes, which has the functions of
data monitoring, control, and communication. Due to the
large amount of node information in WSNs, higher quality
transmission protocols are needed. WSNs are significantly
different from ordinary wireless ad hoc networks. The WSN
has a wider coverage of nodes and can achieve a wider
range of home security monitoring. WSNs have the ability
to node self-organization. It can adjust itself according to the
needs of home monitoring and has higher reliability, which
can accurately collect and process complex data.
The WSN has a distributed structure, which can carry
out all-round real-time monitoring of the home environ-
ment and provide accurate information for home security
monitoring.
2.2 ZigBee communication technology
The core of WSN technology is communication technology,
and wireless communication is the basis for information
exchange between different sensor nodes [16]. In recent
years, communication technology has developed rapidly.

Data acquisition Data processing Data receiving and

area area sending area

Processor
Sensor Data transceiver
Storage

Figure 3: Structural model of sensor nodes.


Although traditional Bluetooth technology can achieve wire-
less communication between data, it is of high cost and has
low transmission rate.
ZigBee is a low-cost and low-complexity communica-
tion technology, and the communication structure formed
by ZigBee is very similar to WSNs, which can be well
applied to WSNs [17]. As a new communication technology,
ZigBee has the following characteristics.
The communication frequency band is flexible and can
communicate information in multiple frequency bands,
and the response speed is fast and can respond to real-
time information in time. ZigBee has a huge network capa-
city and can support more than ten thousand nodes of
information communication, which ensures a large cov-
erage of communication information. ZigBee’s communica-
tion process is very safe. During the data transmission
process, there is a three-layer data check mechanism
to ensure that there is no error in the information
transmission.
In the home safety monitoring system, information
acquisition needs to rely on sensors, and the working fre-
quency bands of different sensors are different. In order to
ensure the normal communication of household safety
monitoring information, ZigBee can divide the original
signal into multiple sub-signals and adaptively allocate
the signal frequency band to ensure a high signal recogni-
tion accuracy.
The WSN takes ZigBee communication technology as
the core and can realize home safety monitoring. The char-
acteristics of ZigBee communication technology and other
communication technologies are shown in Table 1.
In Table 1, the characteristics of ZigBee communica-
tion technology are compared with other communication
technologies. Compared with Bluetooth and WLAN, ZigBee
communication technology has faster response speed, longer
transmission distance, and lower use cost, which can be effec-
tively applied to the field of real-time monitoring.
In the home safety monitoring system, there are many
factors that affect the safety of the house. The sensor covers
a wide range. The WSN based on ZigBee communication
should be designed for the distribution of sensor nodes in
combination with household environmental factors, so as
Table 1: Comparison of characteristics between ZigBee communication technology and other communication technologies
Communication technology Wireless local area network
Application area Smart device online
Response speed Slow
Transmission distance Far away
Use cost High
Application of wireless sensor network technology  5
to improve the scalability of the entire household safety
monitoring system and the comprehensiveness of real-
time monitoring data.
2.3 AI
AI is a branch of computer science, which simulates the
logic of the human brain in dealing with complex transac-
tions to conduct intelligent research on complex problems.
AI technology is developing more and more rapidly, which
has a wide range of applications in data intelligent proces-
sing, image recognition, robot, and other fields [18,19]. The
home security monitoring system using WSN technology
has very complex sensor data. The safety monitoring
system needs not only to collect data, but also to intelli-
gently analyze the data collected by sensors and evaluate
the safety of the home environment.
Artificial neural network is a common use method in
AI technology. It has super-high data recognition and ana-
lysis ability after training and learning model data [20].
The structure model of the artificial neural network is
shown in Figure 4.
In Figure 4, the structure model of the artificial
neural network is described. It has a three-layer struc-
ture and can realize intelligent analysis of the safety
monitoring data.
Artificial neural network is an algorithmic mathema-
tical model that imitates the behavioral characteristics of
animal neural networks and carries out distributed par-
allel information processing. Based on the complexity of
the system, the artificial neural network can process infor-
mation by adjusting the relationship between a large
number of internal nodes. Artificial neural networks can
be used to analyze the data in the home safety monitoring
system to make intelligent safety decisions.
There are two kinds of convergence results and con-
vergence of neural networks. The convergence result is
that the result calculated by the neural network is gener-
ally 1 or 0. Convergence can understand whether it can
produce 1 or 0 or the probability of producing 1 or 0 after
Bluetooth ZigBee
Short-distance information transmission Real-time monitoring
Slow Fast
Near Far
Higher Low
6  Yajuan Zhang et al.

Safety monitoring
data

Input layer Hidden layer Output layer

Figure 4: Structure model of artificial neural network.

calculation by a neural network. The time complexity of an 1

H= ∑( y − yj 2 )2 . (3)
artificial neural network determines the training/predic- 2 j j1
tion time of the model.
where yj1 and yj2 represent the expected output and actual
In the household safety monitoring system, the data
output of the jth output neuron, respectively.
set obtained by the sensor is B = (b1 , b2 , ⋯ , bn ). The data
The structure of the neural network is adjusted according
obtained by the sensor can be the content of carbon
to the size of the error H. The adjustment process is as follows:
dioxide in the bedroom, the temperature of the kitchen,
and the closing of windows. If the connection weight kc (t + d ) = kc (t ) + Δkc. (4)
between the data of the home safety monitoring system
where kc (t ) represents the size of the connection weight of
and the artificial neural network is K = (k1, k2 , ⋯ , kn ), the
the c-th neuron at time t. Δkc represents the variable of the
process of the artificial neural network to calculate the
connection weight of the c-th neuron.
safety monitoring is expressed as follows:
When the error reaches the acceptable range, it indi-
n
cates that the trained reverse neural network has excellent
r= ∑ biki. (1)
i=1 safety monitoring capability. The specific process is shown
as follows:
where r represents the result of artificial neuron proces-
sing safety monitoring data. H ≤ h. (5)
The processing result in formula (1) is processed by where h represents the maximum acceptable range of
activation function to obtain: error.
1 AI technology has excellent information optimization
f (r ) = . (2)
1 + e−r ability. AI can intelligently analyze the data obtained by
the safety monitoring system and effectively improve the
where function f () is the activation function. The activa-
effect of safety monitoring.
tion function is a function that runs on the neurons of an
artificial neural network, responsible for mapping the
inputs of the neurons to the outputs and achieving intelli-
gent analysis of safety data. 3 Application experiment of safety
In the home safety monitoring system, it is often neces- monitoring system
sary to predict and analyze the safety situation according
to the environmental information of the home, so as to
timely respond to the dangers that occur. Back-propagation 3.1 Construction of safety monitoring
neural network has two modes: forward information trans- system evaluation system
mission and reverse error feedback, which can optimize and
predict nonlinear data. When the back-propagation neural Smart home security monitoring can obtain environmental
network is applied to the household safety monitoring information on the furniture in real time, operate smart
system, the error can be expressed as: devices remotely, and monitor the people at home. In this
 Application of wireless sensor network technology  7

Table 2: Household safety monitoring and evaluation indicators were counted, of which the sensor proportion in the kitchen
area was up to 24%, and the sensor proportion in the stairwell
Serial Index Effective Percentage area was at least 7%.
number quantity

1 Response time 36 18
2 Monitoring stability 44 22
3 Monitoring 56 28 3.2 Experimental design of safety
comprehensiveness
4 Monitoring accuracy 64 32
monitoring system application

The control group adopted the traditional home safety

article, WSN technology was applied to home security mon-
itoring system. In order to effectively analyze the perfor-
mance comparison between the home safety monitoring
system based on WSN and the traditional home safety
monitoring system, this article conducted a questionnaire
survey on 250 professional safety monitoring personnel,
mainly analyzing the indicators they think can evaluate
the effect of home safety monitoring. A total of 250 ques-
tionnaires were distributed, of which 200 were valid and
50 were invalid, the invalid questionnaire is due to the fact
that the investigator did not provide a data answer, or the
content of the answer was unrelated to the survey content.
The household safety monitoring and evaluation indicators
are shown in Table 2.
In Table 2, the household safety monitoring and eva-
luation indicators are described. A total of four evaluation
indicators were calculated, including response time, mon-
itoring stability, monitoring comprehensiveness, and mon-
itoring accuracy. The highest percentage of monitoring
accuracy is 32. The highest percentage of monitoring com-
prehensiveness is 28, and the lowest percentage of response
time is 18.
In order to better reflect the effect of home safety
monitoring, it is necessary to monitor key areas in the
home environment. In this article, 50 houses were ran-
domly selected for the experiment. The key areas of house-
hold monitoring are shown in Table 3.
In Table 3, the key areas of household monitoring are
described. A total of seven key areas for household monitoring
Table 3: Key areas of household monitoring
monitoring system, with a small number of sensors and
no data exchange between sensors. The experimental group
applied the WSN technology based on AI to the home safety
monitoring system. The comparison points of the two home
safety monitoring methods are as follows: response time,
monitoring stability, monitoring comprehensiveness, and
monitoring accuracy. In order to fully compare the moni-
toring effects of the traditional home safety monitoring
system and the system in this article, multiple sets of itera-
tive experiments are set up to eliminate the measurement
error.
When the household safety monitoring system is run-
ning, due to the influence of its own system and household
environmental factors, there may be some errors in data
measurement. Therefore, this article set up iterative experi-
ments to eliminate errors through multiple iterative experi-
ments. The final result was the average of the results of
multiple iterations.
In the process of home safety monitoring, the effect of
home safety monitoring was affected by the residential area.
Therefore, this article divided the experimental housing into
large-scale home environments and small-scale home envir-
onments. The area of a large-scale residential environment
is greater than or equal to 120 square meters, and the area of
a small-scale residential environment is less than 120 square
meters.
4 Application results of safety
monitoring system

Serial number Region Sensor duty ratio (%) 4.1 Response time
1 Shower room 16
2 Bedroom 14 Response time refers to the time from the acquisition of data
3 A living room 10 to the response of the system. Response time can greatly
4 Kitchen 24 improve the performance of home safety monitoring. When
5 Balcony 11 the home environment is complex, the home safety moni-
6 Stair case 7
toring system needs to respond in time to ensure the safety
7 Grocery 18
of the home environment. The response time of home safety
8  Yajuan Zhang et al.
monitoring systems based on WSN technology of AI and tra-
ditional home safety monitoring system is compared. The
comparison results are shown in Figure 5.
In Figure 5a, the response time comparison of two
home safety monitoring systems in the large-scale home
environment is described. Among them, the response time
of the traditional home safety monitoring system reaches a
minimum of 228 ms in the second time and the maximum
of 256 ms in the fourth time, with an average response time
of 241.6 ms. The response time of the home safety moni-
toring system based on the WSN technology of AI has signifi-
cantly shortened, reaching a minimum of 80 ms in the first
time and a maximum of 96 ms in the second time, with an
average response time of 85.2 ms. The response time of the
home safety monitoring system designed in this article is
shorter than that of the traditional home safety monitoring
system. This is because the home security monitoring system
in this article uses WSN technology, and the acquisition and
processing speed of home information is fast. In Figure 5b, the
response time comparison of two home safety monitoring
systems in a small-scale home environment is described.
The response time of the traditional home safety monitoring
system reaches a minimum of 100 ms the fourth time and a
maximum of 168 ms the first time, with an average response
time of 133.2 ms. The response time of the home safety mon-
itoring system based on the WSN technology of AI reaches a
minimum of 24 ms the third time and a maximum of 32 ms
the fifth time, with an average response time of 28 ms. The
response time of the system in this article fluctuates slightly
in five experiments, while the response time of the traditional
home safety monitoring system fluctuates greatly, so the
monitoring response of the system in this article is more
stable. Therefore, the home safety monitoring system based
300
250
Response time (ms)
200
150
100
50
0 0
1 2 3 4
Iterations
Traditional household safety
monitoring
Wireless sensor network monitoring
(a)
Figure 5: Response time comparison results: (a) response time of large-scale home environment and (b) response time of small-scale home
environment.
on WSN technology of AI can effectively reduce the response
time of the system and improve the efficiency of home safety
monitoring. Home safety monitoring systems are closely
related to people’s life safety, and the shortest possible
response time is helpful for the timely occurrence of home
safety alerts.
4.2 Monitoring stability
Monitoring stability refers to the anti-interference ability
of the home safety monitoring system, and whether it has
stable home safety monitoring ability when the home
environment changes or the sensor equipment works for
a long time. By testing the stability of the household safety
monitoring system in different levels of noise data, it is
possible to set the noise data ratio to a gradient between
10 and 50% to analyze the stability of the household safety
monitoring system. The monitoring stability of home safety
monitoring systems based on WSN technology of AI and
traditional home safety monitoring system is compared.
The comparison results are shown in Figure 6.
In Figure 6a, the monitoring stability comparison of
two home safety monitoring systems in the large-scale
home environment is described. The monitoring stability
of the traditional household safety monitoring system
reaches a minimum of 84% the second time and a max-
imum of 92% the third time, with an average monitoring
stability of 88%. The monitoring stability of the home
safety monitoring system based on the WSN technology
of AI reaches a minimum of 94% the first time and a max-
imum of 97% the fourth time, with an average monitoring
180
160
Response time (ms)
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
5 1 2 3 4 5
Iterations
Traditional household safety
monitoring
Wireless sensor network monitoring
(b)
 Application of wireless sensor network technology  9

100% 100%
98%

Monitoring stability

Monitoring stability
95% 96%
94%
90% 92%
90%
85% 88%
86%
80% 84%
82%
75% 80%
1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5
Iterations Iterations
Traditional household safety Traditional household safety
monitoring monitoring
Wireless sensor network monitoring Wireless sensor network monitoring
(a) (b)

Figure 6: Comparison results of monitoring stability: (a) monitoring stability of the large-scale household environment and (b) monitoring stability of
the small-scale household environment.

stability of 95.6%. In Figure 6b, the monitoring stability
comparison of two home safety monitoring systems in a
small-scale home environment is described. It is obvious
that the monitoring stability of the home safety monitoring
system based on the WSN technology of AI is higher than
that of the traditional home safety monitoring system.
Among them, the monitoring stability of the traditional
household safety monitoring system reaches the lowest
of 87% the fourth time and the highest of 93% the fifth
time, with an average monitoring stability of 90%. The
average monitoring stability of the home safety monitoring
system based on the WSN technology of AI is 97%. The
monitoring stability of the home safety monitoring system
based on the WSN technology of AI reaches a minimum of
95% the fifth time and a maximum of 99% the third time.
Monitoring comprehensiveness
Therefore, the application of WSN technology to the home
safety monitoring system can significantly improve the
monitoring stability of the home monitoring system.
4.3 Monitoring comprehensiveness
The household environment is generally complex, and
there are many factors that cause household hazards. The
kitchen, bathroom, and other areas need comprehensive
monitoring. The home safety monitoring system based
on the WSN technology of AI and the traditional home
safety monitoring system is compared comprehensively.
The comparison results are shown in Figure 7. The
housing area of a large-scale home environment is

Monitoring comprehensiveness

100% 100%
90% 90%
80% 80%
70% 70%
60% 60%
50% 50%
40% 40%
30% 30%
20% 20%
10% 10%
0% 0%
1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5
Iterations Iterations
Traditional household safety Traditional household safety
monitoring monitoring
Wireless sensor network monitoring Wireless sensor network monitoring
(a) (b)

Figure 7: Comparison results of monitoring comprehensiveness: (a) monitoring comprehensiveness of large-scale household environment and (b)
monitoring comprehensiveness of small-scale household environment.
10  Yajuan Zhang et al.

more than 200 square meters. There are 11 sensors in
large-scale home environments, including door mag-
netic sensors, gas sensors, temperature, and humidity
sensors. The housing area of a small-scale home envir-
onment is between 15 and 30 square meters.
In Figure 7a, the comprehensive comparison of the two
home safety monitoring systems in the large-scale home
environment is described. Among them, the monitoring
comprehensiveness of the traditional household safety mon-
itoring system reaches a minimum of 64% the third time and
a maximum of 73% the fourth time, with an average mon-
itoring comprehensiveness of 68.8%. The monitoring com-
prehensiveness of the home safety monitoring system based
on the WSN technology of AI reaches a minimum of 82% the
third time and a maximum of 87% the fifth time, with an
average monitoring comprehensiveness of 84.8%. In Figure
7b, the comprehensive comparison of the two home safety
monitoring systems in a small-scale home environment
is described. The monitoring comprehensiveness of the
traditional household safety monitoring system reaches a
minimum of 72% the third time and a maximum of 78%
the fourth time, with an average monitoring comprehensive-
ness of 74.8%. The monitoring comprehensiveness of the
home safety monitoring system based on the WSN technology
of AI reaches a minimum of 86% the third time and a max-
imum of 92% the fifth time, with an average monitoring
comprehensiveness of 88.8%. WSN technology is applied to
the home security monitoring system, and the coverage of

100.0%
90.0%
80.0%
Monitoring accuracy

70.0%
60.0%
50.0%
40.0%
30.0%
20.0%
10.0%
0.0%
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Iterations
Traditional household safety monitoring
Wireless sensor network monitoring

(a)

120.0%

100.0%
Monitoring accuracy

80.0%

60.0%

40.0%

20.0%

0.0%
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Iterations
Traditional household safety monitoring
Wireless sensor network monitoring
(b)

Figure 8: Comparison results of monitoring accuracy: (a) monitoring accuracy of large-scale household environment and (b) monitoring accuracy of
small-scale household environment.
 Application of wireless sensor network technology  11

home monitoring is improved by building a sensor node net- traditional home monitoring system mainly used the
work. Therefore, the home safety monitoring system based Internet-of-Things technology and used a small number of
on WSN technology of AI can effectively improve the com- sensor equipment to monitor the home environment, but
prehensiveness of home safety monitoring. the overall monitoring effect was poor. In this article, the
WSN technology was applied to the home safety monitoring
system, which formed an all-round monitoring through
numerous sensor nodes. ZigBee communication technology
4.4 Monitoring accuracy
was used to improve the effect of information transmission,
and AI was used to intelligently analyze the data of home
In household safety monitoring, the effect of safety mon-
monitoring. In this article, the evaluation system of the
itoring is largely determined by the accuracy of household
safety monitoring system was constructed, and the home
monitoring. The monitoring accuracy of home safety mon-
safety monitoring system based on the WSN technology of
itoring systems based on WSN technology of AI, and tradi-
AI was compared with the traditional home safety moni-
tional home safety monitoring system is compared. The
toring system. The results showed that the home security
comparison results are shown in Figure 8.
monitoring system based on the WSN technology of AI had
In Figure 8a, the monitoring accuracy comparison of
higher monitoring stability and comprehensive detection
two home safety monitoring systems in the large-scale
and effectively reduced the response time of the system.
home environment is described. The monitoring accuracy
The home safety monitoring system used WSN technology
of the home safety monitoring system based on the WSN
to greatly improve the monitoring effect of the home envir-
technology of artificial intelligence is higher than that of
onment and ensure the safety of the home environment.
the traditional home safety monitoring system throughout the
However, the number of iterations set in the comparison
experiment. Among them, the monitoring accuracy of
of the two home monitoring systems in this article is
the traditional household safety monitoring system reaches
small, which can not reflect the real home safety moni-
70.8% the 10th time, 84.6% the 6th time, and the average
toring effect. Therefore, more groups of home monitoring
monitoring accuracy is 77.76%. The monitoring accuracy of
system experiment iterations have been set, which is the
the home safety monitoring system based on the WSN tech-
direction of future research.
nology of AI reaches the lowest of 85.2% the third time and
the highest of 94.3% the fifth time, with an average moni-
Funding information: This work was supported by Hainan
toring accuracy of 89.36%. In Figure 8b, the monitoring accu-
Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China, project
racy comparison of two home safety monitoring systems in
number: 621RC611 and Scientific research funding project
the small-scale home environment is described. The moni-
of Hainan Vocational University of Science and Technology,
toring accuracy of the traditional household safety moni-
project number: HKKY2022ZD-03.
toring system reaches 80.1% the second time and 94.2%
the seventh time, with an average monitoring accuracy of
Conflict of interest: The authors declare that there is no
87.63%. The monitoring accuracy of the home safety mon-
conflict of interest with any financial organizations regarding
itoring system based on the WSN technology of AI reaches
the material reported in this manuscript.
the lowest of 90.3% the fourth time and the highest of 98.8%
the seventh time, with an average monitoring accuracy of
Data availability statement: Data sharing is not applicable
94.43%. Therefore, a home safety monitoring system based
to this article as no datasets were generated or analyzed
on WSN technology of artificial intelligence can effectively
during the current study.
improve the accuracy of home safety monitoring.

5 Conclusions
The home safety monitoring system is highly comprehen-
sive. The design of smart computing, wireless communica-
tion, and other technologies is very important for home
safety. Many home safety accidents have been caused
by inadequate monitoring of the home environment. The
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