A Project Report on

WIRELESS NOTICE BOARD DISPLAY USING GSM

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
in
ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
by
J.SAI JEETH 1660653
M.SIDDARTHA 1660652
Y.MANOJKUMAR 1660645
L.AKHILKANNA 1660610

Under the Guidance of

Dr. KISHOREKUMAR R,

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering

School of Engineering and Technology, CHRIST (Deemed to be
University),
Kumbalagudu, Bengaluru - 560 074

APRIL-2020
 School of Engineering and Technology
Electronics and Communication Engineering

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that has successfully completed the project work entitled “WIRELESS
NOTICE BOARD DISPLAY USING GSM ” in partial fulfillment for the award of
Bachelor of Technology in Electronics and Communication Engineering during the
year 2016-2020.

Dr. KISHOREKUMAR R,
Assistant professor

Dr. INBANILA K Dr. Iven Jose

Head of Department Associate Dean

i
 School of Engineering and Technology
Electronics and Communication Engineering

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

It is to certify that this project titled ”WIRELESS NOTICE BOARD DISPLAY USING
GSM ” is the bonafide work of

Name Register Number Department

J.SAI JEETH 1660653 ECE
M.SIDDARTHA 1660652 ECE
Y.MANOJKUMAR 1660645 ECE
L.AKHILKANNA 1660610 ECE

Examiners [Name and Signature] Name of the Candidate :

1. Register Number :
2. Date of Examination :

ii
 Acknowledgement
We would like to thank Dr. Rev. Fr. Thomas C Mathew, Vice Chancellor, CHRIST
(Deemed to be University), Dr. Rev. Fr. Abraham, Pro Vice Chancellor, Fr. Benny
Thomas, Director, School of Engineering and Technologyand Dr. Iven Jose, Associate
Dean for their kind patronage.

We would also like to express sincere gratitude and appreciation to Dr. INBANILA K,
Head of Department of the Electronics and Communication Engineeringfor giving me
this opportunity to take up this project.

We also extremely grateful to my guide, Dr. KISHOREKUMAR R,, who has sup-
ported and helped to carry out the project. His constant monitoring and encouragement
helped me keep up to the project schedule.

We would like to thank all faculty and non- teaching staff. We thank all who supported
us during project. We thank our parents.

iii
 Declaration
We, hereby declare that the project titled “WIRELESS NOTICE BOARD DISPLAY
USING GSM ” is a record of original project work undertaken for the award of the
degree of Bachelor of Technology in Electronics and Communication Engineering.
We have completed this study under the supervision of Dr. KISHOREKUMAR R,,
Electrical & Electronics Engineering, .

We also declare that this project report has not been submitted for the award of any
degree, diploma, associate ship, fellowship or other title anywhere else. It has not been
sent for any publication or presentation purpose.

Place: School of Engineering and Technology, CHRIST (Deemed to be University),

Bengaluru
Date: 21-10-2015

Name Register Number Signature

J.SAI JEETH 1660653

M.SIDDARTHA 1660652

Y.MANOJKUMAR 1660645

L.AKHILKANNA 1660610

iv
 Abstract

In the last few decades, communication technology has developed by leaps and bounds.
it’s already established its importance in sharing the information to each other. Except
for sharing info, it’s also used for remote mode of machines and electronic appliances.

In our daily life, we have a tendency to use several such appliances reception, work-
place and public places for our comfort and convenience. each device needs one or the
other moderately operation management that it is a human-machine interface (HMI).
Communication technology additionally permits us to control machines. This control
of appliances is possible with wired or wireless communication interfaces embedded
among the machines. The use of “Embedded System in Communication” has given
rise to many attention-grabbing applications. One in each of such applications is public
addressing system (PAS) several corporations are unit producing audio / video systems
like public announcement system, telecommunication equipment, programmable sign-
boards etc. However most of these systems area unit usually hard-wired, advanced in
nature and expensive.

The key objective of this project is to develop a bulletin board that receives associate
degree displays messages from an authentic user from anyplace among the planet vic-
timisation GSM technology. The SIM card loaded among the GSM module fitted with
the wireless board receives messages from licensed user having a movable. The re-
ceived message is then displayed on the wireless notice board creating the complete
method simple and quick.

Keyword: GSM(Global System for Mobile communication)

v
Contents

CERTIFICATE i

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE ii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iii

DECLARATION iv

ABSTRACT v

LIST OF FIGURES viii

GLOSSARY ix

1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Project Overview & Problem Identification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.2 Problem Formulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.3 Problem Statement & Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.4 Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

2 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 5

3 LITERATURE SURVEY AND REVIEW 7

4 ACTUAL WORK 9
4.1 Components Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
4.2 System Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
4.3 Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
4.4 Software Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
4.5 Modelling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

5 RESULTS, DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS 25

5.1 Future Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
5.2 Implementation at Institute level . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
5.3 Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

vi
 5.4 conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

BIBLIOGRAPHY 30

A PIN DESCRIPTION OF ARDUINO 33

B AT COMMANDS 37
LIST OF FIGURES

4.1 SIM9OOA PIN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

4.2 GSM MODULE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
4.3 2x16 LCD DISPLAY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
4.4 ARDUINO UNO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
4.5 ARDUNO SCHEMATIC VIEW . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
4.6 MODEL 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
4.7 MODEL 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
4.8 FLOW CHART . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
4.9 BLOCK DIAGRAM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

5.1 TYPING MESSAGE IN MOBILE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

5.2 MESSAGE RECEIVED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
5.3 MESSAGE DISPLAYED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

A.1 PIN I/O SET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

A.2 PIN COMMAND SET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

B.1 CALL CONTROL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

B.2 DATA CONTROL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
B.3 PHONE CONTROL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
B.4 SMS PDU MODE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
B.5 SMS TEXT MODE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
B.6 NETWORK COMMUNICATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
B.7 SERVICE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

viii
GLOSSARY
.

Item Description
ALE Address Latch Enable
ARM Automatic Meter Reading
AT Attention
BSC Base Station Controller
BTS Base Transceiver Station
CMOS Complementry Metal Oxide Semiconductor
DCE Data CommunicationEquipment
DTE Data Terminal Equipment
ETSI European Telecom Standard Institute
GMSK Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying
GPRS General Packet Radio Services
GSM Global System for Moblie communication
HLR Home Location Register
HMI Human Machine Interface
ISDN Integratrd Services Digital Network
LCD Liquid Crystal Display
MMS Multimedia Message Services
MODEM Moulation Demodulation
SIM Subscriber Ientity Module
SMS Short Message Services
TDMA Time Division Multiple Access
TTL Transistor Transistor Logic
UART Universal Asynchronus Receiver Transmitter
VLR Visitor Location Register

ix
Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION

Digital advertisements have become popular nowadays as shopping malls, super mar-
kets, airports use digital display boards. From every small institution to big organiza-
tion, messages are displayed on digital boards.

Over the last two decades the use of cell phones has been rapidly increasing. Mobile
phones and the related technologies have become one of the most important things in
this modern era. This drastic use of mobile phones gave the interesting idea of send-
ing and receiving messages and the displaying them on digital board. The SMS (Short
Message Service) facility in mobile handset enables us to send and receive messages all
around the world by International roaming feature.

The main aim of this project is to replace the conventional notice boards by wireless
digital displays driven by GSM (Global System for Mobile communication) technology.
The authenticated user on the sending end sends SMS (notice to be displayed on the
board) using his mobile handset to the SIM card loaded in the GSM module (attached
to the wireless notice board), which receives the message and passes it to the micro
controller in the Arduino for storage and then displays the received SMS on the wireless
digital board. The SIM card at the receiving end in the GSM module receives only
those messages whose initial character is * and final is ‘#’. The device can be used
anywhere irrespective of the place of deployment provided mobile network connectivity
is available.

1
1.1 Project Overview & Problem Identification

The GSM based e-notice board additionally referred as campus Display System (CDS)
is aimed at the universities and universities for displaying every day data ceaselessly
or at regular intervals throughout the operating hours. Being GSM (Global System for
Mobile communication) - based system, it offers flexibility to show flash news or an-
nouncements quicker than the programmable system. This system can also be used
at different public places like colleges, hospitals, railway stations, gardens etc.without
moving the encompassing surroundings.

The CDS primarily consists of a GSM receiver and a display toolkit which might be
programmed from a mobile. It receives the SMS, validates the sending Mobile identifi-
cation Number (MIN) and displays the specified data after necessary conversion. It will
function as electronic board and show the important notices outright therefore avoiding
the latency. Being wireless, the GSM based CDS is straightforward to expand and per-
mits the user to feature a lot of show units at any time and at any location within the
field looking on the necessity of the institute.

The complexity of coding will increase, however once programmed the module works at
its strong best since it is a dedicated embedded system and not a general purpose laptop.
the planning procedure involves distinctive and grouping all the required hardware and
making certain safe interfacing between all the elements.

1.2 Problem Formulation

The realization of complete potential of the electronic boards and also the wireless
medium in information transfer is that the major issue that the subsequent thesis of the
project deals.

There are three interfacing circuits, ARDUINO, LCD display, with GSM (Global Sys-
tem for Mobile communication) modem. It’s not a hidden incontrovertible fact that
interfacing a modem with a standard PC is sort of easy with the assistance of the AT

2
commands sent to that from the Hyper Terminal window. But we must take under con-
sideration the actual fact that the modem re-quires a wired connection at one end and
wireless at the opposite. Dedicating a general purpose computer at each and each site
of the display boards, although makes the task a lot easier but is just too expensive to be
a prospect.

We have the coding process which needs to be sure of the delays between two successive
transmissions and most significantly the validation of the sender’s number. The number
of valid mobile numbers will be quite one. The limiting constraint is that the RAM of
the micro controller instead of the coding-complexities.

1.3 Problem Statement & Objectives

The quality of coding will increase, however once programmed the module works at
its strong best since it’s a frenzied embedded system and not a general purpose laptop.
Then we’ve the cryptography method that must lookout of the delays between 2 serial
transmissions and most significantly the validation of the sender’s variety. the amount
of valid mobile numbers may be over one.

To develop a GSM based bulletin board whose contents may be updated through as-
sociate SMS which completed through Arduino. To style a project easy, simple to put
in, user friendly system, which can receive and show notice in a specific manner. SMS
based notice board uses the GSM for displaying message on notice board via user’s
itinerant. SIM 900A GSM modem with a SIM card is interfaced to the ports of the Ar-
duino with the assistance of AT commands.SIM 900A is punctually interfaced through
tier shifter IC MAX232 to the Arduino. The messaged notice is therefore fetched into
the Arduino.

3
1.4 Limitations

• The micro controller of a general purpose computer permits us to theorize on

several more enhancements on this project model.

• Temperature display during times whereby no message buffers, unit of measure-

ment empty on such theoretical improvement that’s terribly potential.

• With correct use of interrupt routines the incoming message acts as an interrupt,
the temperature display is halted and also the management flow jumps over to
the specific interrupt service routine that 1st validates the sender’s variety then
displays the info field.

4
Chapter 2

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Broadcast

A term to explain communication where a chunk of knowledge is distributed or trans-

mitted from one point to all other points. There is just one sender, but the information
is simultaneously sent to all or any connected receivers. In networking, a distinction is
made between broadcasting and multi casting. Broadcasting sends a message to every-
one on the network whereas multi casting sends a message to a pick list of recipients.

GSM Modem

The GSM Modem, works by accepting any GSM network operator SIM card acts just
like a itinerant with its own unique telephone number. The advantage of this modem is
that its RS232 pin are often wont to communicate and develop embedded application.
For this purpose it can be connected to a PC port directly or to the other micro controller.
The GSM modem acts as a highly flexible plug and its direct and simple integration to
RS232 applications plays a major role.

SIM (Subscriber Identity Module)

SIM stands for Subscriber Identity Module. it’s a chip on small card which consists of
user’s information and phone book. The SIM is inserted during a slot available on the
GSM Modem. A SIM card contains a singular serial number (ICCID), International
Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI) number, security authentication and ciphering in-
formation. It also stores temporary information associated with the local network, an

5
inventory of the services the user has access to, and two passwords: a personal identi-
fication number (PIN) for ordinary use, and a private unblocking code (PUK) for PIN
unlocking. The SIM used in this project is SIM900A.

Arduino

The micro controller employed in this proposed system is Arduino UNO, which is based
on ATmega328P. it’s 14 digital input/output pins (of which 6 are often used as PWM
outputs), 6 analog inputs and a 16 MHz quartz. It also consists of a USB connection, an
influence jack, an ICSP header and a button. the most operation of the Arduino is to read
the SMS received from the GSM module, extract the most message from the received
string and store it in another string.This project aims at integrating the expansiveness of
a wireless cellular network and the easy information transfer through the SMS with the
coverage of campus display boards. It can even be a modest effort to comprehend the
entire potential of public display boards in instantaneous information broadcast in swift
response to events of interests.

6
Chapter 3

LITERATURE SURVEY AND

REVIEW

• Wireless Notice Board Based On Arduino And GSM Technology Arduino

Nano is used to control the whole process, GSM Module (Sim 900A). To receive
the message sent from the authenticated mobile handset and LCD(20*4). To dis-
play the received SMS. The Short Message Service (SMS) technology is one the
most stable mobile technologies around. Most of our tertiary students carry mo-
bile phones with SMS facilities and can be used for teaching and learning
References:
[1] ”GSM Global system for Mobile Communications”. 4G Americas
[2] Aniket Pramanik, Rishikesh, Vikash Nagar, Satyam Diwedi, Biplav Choud-
hury, “GSM based smarthome and digital notice board”, IEEE 2016.

• Wireless Electronic Notice Board Using GSM Technology The main aim of
this article is to design a SMS driven automatic display toolkit which may re-
place the currently used programmable electronic display. it’s proposed to style
receive cum display toolkit which may be programmed from a licensed mobile.
The message to be displayed is distributed through an SMS from a licensed trans-
mitter.The toolkit receives the SMS, Validates the sending Mobile Identification
Number(MIN) and displays the required information after necessary code con-
versions.
References:

7
 [1] Haitao Jia, Li Cao Department of Automation, Tsinghua, and Beijing, China
“A Remote data acquisition system based on SMS”. Systems, Man and Cybernet-
ics, 2004 IEEE International Conference(Volume: 7)
[2] Dawood. R. Muchallil. S. Munadi, K.. Jurusan Tek. Elektr, University. Syiah
Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia “An SMS Based Learning System.”Teaching, As-
sessment and Learning for Engineering (TALE), 2013 IEEE International Confer-
ence Aug. 2013

• GSM Based Wireless Notice Board Using ARDUINO

By referring this journal we are able to acknowledge of a GSM receiver and LCD
which might be programmed from a certified computer. It receives the SMS,
and displays the specified information after necessary code conversion. It can
function a board and display the important notices instantaneously thus avoiding
the latency. GSM based device is simple to expand and allows the user to display
units at any time and at any location within the campus.
References:
[1] Fizza Hamid & Nusrat Hamid Shah, “Wireless notice board based on Ar-
duino and GSM technology”, International Journal Of Engineering Sciences &
Research Technology February, 2018, Electronics and Communication Engineer-
ing, CGCTC, Jhanjeri.

• Smart Notice Board

In this journal the foremost operation relies on micro controller AT89C52 pro-
grammed in computer software. A SIM300 of GSM modem is interfaced to the
ports of the micro controller. It’s further displayed on an electronic bulletin board
which equipped with LCD display interfaced to microprocessor.
Reference:
[1] Bhumi Merai , Rohit Jain , Ruby Mishra, “Smart Notice Board”, International
Journal of Advanced Research in Computer and Communication Engineering Vol.
4, Issue 4, April 2015, Bachelor of Engineering, Electronics and Telecommuni-
cation, Atharva College of Engineering, Mumbai, India.

8
Chapter 4

ACTUAL WORK

An embedded system is a consists of hardware and software and perhaps other mechan-
ical parts designed to perform a selected function.An SMS sent from a portable to GSM
modem is received by the GSM modem and stores it through AT commands. Using
arduino it’s possible to retrieve the stored message in GSM and display it on a LED dis-
play using embedded programming languages. Short information are often sent from a
portable as SMS and made display until the following one

4.1 Components Overview

This particular system uses the following components.

Arduino UNO

ARDUINO UNO could be a microcontroller board supported by 8-bit ATmega328P

micro controller. together with ATmega328P, it consists of other components like oscil-
lator, serial communication, transformer, etc. To support the micro controller, Arduino
Uno has 14 digital input/output pins (out of which 6 are often used as PWM outputs),
6 analog input pins, a USB connection, an influence barrel jack, an ICSP header and a
push.

LCD

The GSM based CDS uses an LCD for displaying the text data. It is 16 character x 2
line display module. But in practice, it should be replaced by the large multi line, multi
color commercial display units
9
GSM Modem

A GSM modem may be a wireless modem that works with a GSM (Global System
for Mobile communication) wireless network. A wireless modem behaves sort of a
dial-up modem. The most difference between them is that a dial-up modem sends and
receives data through a set telephone line while a wireless modem sends and receives
data through radio waves. sort of a GSM portable, a GSM modem requires a SIM card
so as to work.

In this project, we must take under consideration the actual fact that the modem re-
quires a wired connection at one end and wireless at the opposite. We use SIM900A and
SIM900A modem is made with dual band GSM/GPRS based SIM900A modem from
SIMCOM. It works on frequencies 900/1800 MHz. SIM900A can search these two
bands automatically. The frequency bands may also be set by AT commands. The band
ratio is configurable from 1200-115200 through AT commands. The GSM/GPRS mo-
dem has internal TCP/IP stack to enable you to attach with internet via GPRS. SIM900A
is an ultra-compact and reliable wireless module. this can be a whole GSM/GPRS mod-
ule a really. SMT type and designed with a very powerful single-chip processor integrat-
ing AMR926EJ-S core, allowing you to learn from small dimensions and cost-effective
solutions. The use of AT commands in computers is to control the modems.GSM
modems and dial up modems both support a common set of standard AT commands.
GSM modem can be used just like a dial up modem. In addition to the standard AT com-
mands the GSM modems support’s an extended set of AT commands. These extended
AT commands are defined in the GSM modem.

Specification

1. Supply voltage range is 5V

2. GPRS multislot class 10/8GPRS mobile station class B

3. Compliant GSM phase 2/2+

4. Dimensions are 24*24*3 mm

5. It is Controled via AT commands (GSM 07.07, 07.05 and SIMCOM enhanced

AT commands)

6. Dual band 900/1800 MHz

7. Power consumption is low i.e 1mA (sleep mode)

10
 8. Operation temperature is about 233K - 358K

4.2 System Operation

The operation of the system is incredibly simple. Sending message from any of the
remote area to the distant located e-notice board using GSM (Global System for Mo-
bile communication) mobile. For sending the text message from remote area we want
to interface the movable with GSM Modem. For developing a number of GSM based
applications we want to own some commons peripherals including GSM MODEM,
SIM, ARDUINO, LCD (Liquid crystal display), power supply and also some connect-
ing wires. Moreover GSM based applications may well be easily developed and en-
hanced thanks to easily accessibility of components in local markets at very pocket
friendly prices.

4.3 Analysis

GSM MODEM

A GSM modem could be a wireless modem that works with a GSM (Global System
for Mobile communication) wireless network. A wireless modem behaves sort of a
dial-up modem. the most difference between them is that a dial-up modem sends and
receives data through a set telephone line while a wireless modem sends and receives
data through radio waves. sort of a GSM portable, a GSM modem requires a SIM card
from a wireless carrier so as to work. GSM sim 900 Modem can accept any GSM
network operator SIM card and act rather like a portable with its own unique number.
Advantage of using this modem are going to be that you simply can use its RS232 port
to speak and develop embedded applications.

Applications include SMS Control, data transfer, device and login may be developed
easily. The modem can either be connected to PC port directly or to any arduino. It
may be accustomed send and receive SMS or make/receive voice calls. It may also be
utilized in GPRS mode to attach to internet and do many applications for data logging
and control. In GPRS mode you’ll also hook up with any remote FTP server and upload
files for data logging. This GSM modem may be a highly flexible plug and play quad
band GSM modem for direct and simple integration. Supports features like Voice, SMS,
11
 F IGURE 4.1: SIM9OOA PIN

F IGURE 4.2: GSM MODULE

Data/Fax, GPRS and integrated TCP/IP stack. Computers use AT commands to manage
modems. Both GSM modems and dial up modems support a typical set of normal AT
commands.

GSM modem can be used like a dial-up modem. In addition to the standard AT com-
mands the GSM modems support an extended set of AT commands. These AT com-
mands are defined in the GSM standards, With the extended AT commands, various

12
things can be done:

1. Sending SMS messages.

2. Monitoring the signal strength.

3. Monitoring the charging status and charge level of the battery.

4. Reading, writing and searching phone book entries.

5. Reading, writing and deleting SMS messages.

The number of SMS messages that can be processed by a GSM modem per one minute
is very low i.e about six to ten SMS messages per one minute

LCD display

One of the most common devices attached to an 8051 is an LCD display. Some of the
most common LCD connected to the 8051 are 16x2 and 20x2 displays. This means 16
characters per line by 2 lines and 20 characters per line by 2 lines, respectively. In recent
years the LCD is finding widespread use replacing LED’s. This is due to the following
reasons:

1. Declining of prices

2. Ability to display numbers, characters and graphics.

3. Incorporation of a refreshing controller into the LCD.

4. Ease for programming.

Fortunately, a really popular standard exists which allows us to speak with the over-
whelming majority of LCDs irrespective of their manufacturer. the quality is stated as
HD44780U, which refers to the controller chip which receives data from an external
source (in this case, the 8051) and communicates directly with the LCD. The 44780
standard requires 3 control lines furthermore as either 4 or 8 I/O lines for the informa-
tion bus. The user may select whether the LCD is to control with a 4-bit data bus or an
8-bit data bus. If a 4-bit data bus is employed the LCD would force a complete of seven
data lines (3 control lines plus the 4 lines for the information bus). If an 8-bit data bus

13
 F IGURE 4.3: 2x16 LCD DISPLAY

is employed the LCD would force a complete of 11 data lines (3 control lines plus the
8 lines for the information bus).

Important Signals

The following pins are very important for LCD’s while programming

Enable (EN)

The EN is known as ”Enable”. This control line is used to tell the LCD that you are
sending the data. To send data to the LCD, your program should make sure this line is
low (0) and then set the other two control lines and/or put data on the data bus. When
the other lines are completely ready, bring EN high (??) and wait for minimum amount
of time required by the LCD datasheet (this varies from one LCD to another LCD), and
it end by bringing it low (0) again.

Register Select (RS)

The RS line is that the ”Register Select” line. When RS is low (0), the information is
to be treated as a command or special instruction (such as clear screen, position cursor,
etc.). When RS is high (1), the information being sent is text data which should be
displayed on the screen. as an example, to display the letter ”T” on the screen you’d set
RS high.

Read/Write (R/W)

The RW line is known as the ”Read/Write” control line. When RW is low (0), the
information on data bus is being written to the LCD. When RW is high (??), the program
is effectively querying (or reading) the LCD. Only one instruction (”Get LCD status”)
is a read command. All the others are write commands-so RW will almost always be
low. Finally, the data bus consists of 4 or 8 lines (depending on the mode of operation

14
selected by the user). In the case of an 8-bit data bus, the lines are referred to as DB0,
DB1, DB2, DB3, DB4, DB5, DB6, and DB7.

Above is that the quite simple schematic. The LCD panel’s Enable and Register Select
is connected to the Control Port. The Control Port is an open collector / open drain
output. While most Parallel Ports have internal pull-up resistors, there’s some which
don’t. Therefore by incorporating the 2 10K external pull up resistors, the circuit is
more 18 portable for a wider range of computers, a number of which can don’t have any
internal pull up resistors. We make no effort to put the info bus into reverse direction.
Therefore we hard wire the R/W line of the LCD panel, into write mode. this can
cause no bus conflicts on the info lines. As a result we cannot read back the LCD’s
internal Busy Flag which tells us if the LCD has accepted and finished processing the
last instruction. This problem is Overcome by inserting known delays into our program.

The 10k Potentiometer controls the contrast of the LCD panel. Nothing fancy here. like
all the examples, I’ve left the facility supply out. you’ll be able to use a bench power
supply set to 5v or use a onboard +5 regulator. Remember some de-coupling capacitors,
especially if you’ve got trouble with the circuit working properly. ARDUINO UNO

Arduino Uno may be a micro controller board supported 8-bit ATmega328P micro con-
troller. together with ATmega328P, it consists other components like oscillator, serial
communication, transformer, etc. to support the micro controller. Arduino Uno has 14
digital input/output pins (out of which 6 may be used as PWM outputs), 6 analog input
pins, a USB connection, an influence barrel jack, an ICSP header and a button.

F IGURE 4.4: ARDUINO UNO

15
FEATURES

1. Microcontroller is ATmega328

2. Operating Voltage is 5V

3. Supply Voltage (recommended) is 7-12V

4. Maximum powersupply voltage (not recommended) is 20V

5. Digital I/O Pins are 14 (of which 6 provide PWM output)

6. Analog Input Pins are 6

7. DC Current for I/O Pin 40 mA

8. DC Current for 3.3V Pin 50 mA

9. Flash Memory 32 KB (ATmega328) of which 0.5 KB used by bootloader

10. SRAM 2 KB (ATmega328)

11. EEPROM 1 KB (ATmega328)

12. Clock Speed is 16 MHz

How to use Arduino Board

The 14 digital input/output pins is used as input or output pins by using pinMode(),
digitalRead() and digitalWrite() functions in arduino programming. Each pin operate
at 5V and might provide or receive a maximum of 40mA current, and has an inside
pull-up resistor of 20-50 KOhms which are disconnected by default. Out of those 14
pins, some pins have specific functions as listed below:

Serial Pins 0 (Rx) and 1 (Tx):

Rx and Tx pins were used to receive and transmit TTL serial data. These pins are
connected with the corresponding ATmega328P USB to TTL serial chip. External
Interrupt Pins 2 and 3:

These pins can be configured to trigger an interrupt on a low value, rising or falling
edge, or a change in value.

16
PWM Pins 3, 5, 6, 9 and 11:

These pins provides an 8-bit PWM output by using analogWrite() function.

SPI Pins 10 (SS), 11 (MOSI), 12 (MISO) and 13 (SCK):

These pins are used for SPI communication.

In-built LED Pin 13:

This pin is connected with an built-in LED, when pin 13 is HIGH – LED is on and when
pin 13 is LOW, LCD is off.

Along with 14 Digital pins, there are 6 analog input pins, each of which offer 10 bits of
resolution, i.e. 1024 different values. They measure from 0 to five volts but this limit
are often increased by using AREF pin with analog Reference() function. Analog pin 4
(SDA) and pin 5 (SCA) also used for TWI communication using Wire library.

Arduino Uno has a couple of other pins as explained below:

AREF: It is Used to provide reference voltage for analog inputs with anaog Reference()
function.

Reset Pin: When this pin LOW, resets the micro controller.

4.4 Software Requirements

Programming Arduino

Once Arduino IDE is installed on the pc, connect the board with computer using USB
cable. Now open the Arduino IDE and choose the right board by selecting Tools>Boards>Arduino/Gen
Uno, and then choose the correct Port by selecting Tools>Port. Arduino Uno is pro-
grammed using Arduino programming language based on Wiring. To get it started with
Arduino Uno board,blink the built-in LED and then load the example code by select-
ing Files>Examples>Basics>Blink. Once the example code (also shown below) is
loaded into your IDE, click on the ‘upload’ button on the top bar.Once the upload is
finished, you can see the Arduino’s built-in LED blinking. Below is the example code
for blinking:

// setup function runs once when you press reset or power the board

17
void setup() { // initialize digital pin LED BUILTIN as an output.

pinMode(LED BUILTIN, OUTPUT); // the loop function runs over and over again for-
ever

void loop() {

digitalWrite(LED BUILTIN, HIGH); // turn LED on (HIGH is the voltage level)

delay(1000); // wait for a second

digitalWrite(LED BUILTIN, LOW); // turn LED off by making the voltage LOW

delay(1000); // wait for a second

AT COMMANDS

AT commands are accustomed control modems. AT is that the abbreviation for At-
tention. These commands come from Hayes commands that were utilized by the Hayes
smart modems. The Hayes commands started with AT to point the eye from the modem.
The dial up and wireless modems (devices that involve machine to machine communi-
cation) need AT commands to interact with a computer. These include the Hayes com-
mand set as a subset, together with other extended AT commands. AT commands with
a GSM/GPRS modem or mobile phone can be used to access the following information
and services:

1. Information and configuration pertaining to mobile device or modem and SIM

card.

2. SMS services.

3. MMS services.

4. Fax services.

5. Data and Voice link over mobile network.

The Hayes subset commands are called as basic commands and the commands specific
to GSM network are called as the extended AT commands.

18
Types of AT Commands: There are four types of AT commands:

Explanation of commonly used AT commands:

1. AT - This command is used to check communication between the module and

computer.
For example, AT OK The command returns a result code OK if the pc (serial port)
and module are connected properly. If any of module or SIM isn’t working, it’d
return a result code ERROR.

2. +CMGF - This command are accustomed set the SMS mode. Either text or PDU
mode are often selected by assigning 1 or 0 within the command
SYNTAX: AT+CMGF= <mode>
0: for PDU mode 1: for text mode The text mode of SMS is less complicated to
work but it allows limited features of SMS. The PDU (protocol data unit) allows
more access to SMS services but the operator requires bit level knowledge of
TPDUs. The headers and body of SMS are accessed in .hex format in PDU mode
so it allows availing more features. For example, AT+CMGF=1
OK

3. +CMGW - This command is used to store message in the SIM.

SYNTAX: AT+CMGW= “Phone number” > Message to be stored Ctrl+z As one
types AT+CMGW and phone number, ,,>“ sign appear on the next line where
one can type the message. Multiple line messages is typed during this case. this
is often why the message is terminated by providing a ,,Ctrl+z“ combination. As
Ctrl+z is pressed, the subsequent information response is displayed on the screen.
+CMGW: Number on which message has been stored.

4. +CMGS - This command is used to send a SMS message to a particular phone

number.
SYNTAX: AT+CMGS= serial number of message to be send.
As the command AT+CMGS and serial number of message are entered, SMS is
sent to the particular SIM. For example, AT+CMGS=1 OK

5. ATD - This command is used to dial or call a number. SYNTAX: ATD (Enter)
For example, ATD123456789

19
 6. ATA - This command is employed to answer a call. An incoming call is indicated
by a message ,,RING“ which is repeated for each ring of the decision. When
the decision ends ,,NO CARRIER“ is displayed on the screen SYNTAX: ATA
(Enter) As ATA followed by enter key is pressed, incoming call is answered. For
example, RING RING ATA.

7. ATH - This command is used to disconnect remote user l with the GSM module.
SYNTAX: ATH (Enter)

4.5 Modelling

An embedded system could be a combination of hardware and software and maybe

other mechanical parts designed to perform a selected function. Theoretically an SMS
sent form a itinerant to GSM (Global System for Mobile communication) modem is
received by the GSM and stores it through AT commands. Using Arduino it’s possible
to retrieve the stored message in GSM and display it on a LCD display using embedded
programming languages. Short information will be sent from a itinerant as SMS and
made display until the following one.

SYSTEM MODELS

The User interacts with the system by sending a message to system for it to display.
Once the system receives the message it verifies the user identification (MIN) together
with his number. If the validation proves to be authentic the message is stored and pro-
ceeds to display the message. Denial of authentication (wrong MIN) leads to discarding
the message. Admin is granted with the responsibility of addition to the authenticated
list, deletion of users from the list and it also has the flexibility to vary the access code
(MIN).

DATA FLOW DIAGRAM

The flow starts by initializing the ports of components. LCD is enabled and also the
baud is about. The program module points out the AT commands that needs to be exe-
cuted by the GSM (Global System for Mobile communication). When micro reads these
AT commands, it’s sent to the GSM module where the commands are processed.The
updating of messages is checked and if the sender is valid the messages are stored per-
formed. Once the operations are performed the acknowledgement is shipped. within the

20
F IGURE 4.5: ARDUNO SCHEMATIC VIEW

F IGURE 4.6: MODEL 1

F IGURE 4.7: MODEL 2

21
F IGURE 4.8: FLOW CHART 22
worst case scenario if there are not any new messages the loop of checking for brand
new messages continues until the new one arrives.The SMS is deleted from the SIM
when it’s read, thus making room for the subsequent SMS. the key constraints incorpo-
rated are the utilization of “* because the termination character of the SMS and also the
display of 1 SMS as a time. By introducing the concept of wireless technology within
the Field of the communication we are able to make our communication more efficient
and faster, with greater efficiency

ARCHITECTURE OF THE SYSTEM

The constituent parts involved in the process are

1. Mobile phone

2. GSM (Global System for Mobile)

3. Arduino board

4. LCD display

Architecture of the system consists of Arduino which involves within the operation
and validation. Regulated supply is to power up the entire circuit components. GSM
(Global System for Mobile communication) modem stores any message received by the
user, any operation performed by the GSM is because of the AT commands initiated
by the Arduino. Arduino forwards the message to the LCD. LCD receives the message
and might display only 16*2 characters at a time. Mobile is that the user that starts
the interaction with GSM by sending a message This is proposed to implement this
project at the institute level. it’s proposed to put display boards at major access points.
These include canteens, entrance gate, hostel area etc. But the GSM (Global System
for Mobile communication) based display toolkit will be used as an add-on to those
display boards and make it truly wireless. The display panel programs itself with the
assistance of the incoming SMS with proper validation. The valid senders may include
the Director, Deans and Registrars.

23
 F IGURE 4.9: BLOCK DIAGRAM

The centralized system are often placed because the Computer Center for access by
the other valid users with authentications. SMS from these users is treated to be valid
and is displayed. Other SMS from the other movable is discarded. Thus, information
from valid sources are often broadcast easily. Such a system proves to be helpful for
immediate information transfer and might be easily implemented at the institute level.

24
Chapter 5

RESULTS, DISCUSSIONS AND

CONCLUSIONS

5.1 Future Scope

The use of Arduino in spot of a general-purpose computer allows us to speculate on

many further improvements on this project prototype. Temperature display in periods
wherein no message buffers are empty is one such theoretical improvement that’s very
possible.

The ideal state of the Arduino is when the indices or space for storing within the SIM
memory are empty and no new message is there to display. With proper use of interrupt
routines the incoming message acts as an interrupt, the temperature display is blocked
and also the control flow jumps over to the particular interrupt subprogram which first
validates the sender’s number so displays the knowledge field.

Another very interesting and significant improvement would be to accommodate mul-

tiple receiver modems at the various positions during a geographical region carrying
duplicate SIM cards. With the assistance of principles of TDMA (Time Division Multi-
ple Access) technique, we will favor to simulcast and /or broadcast crucial notifications.
After a display receives the valid message through the modem and displays it, it with-
draws its identification from the network & synchronously another nearby modem signs
itself into the network and starts to receive the message. The message is broadcast by
the mobile switching center for a nonstop fundamental quantity during which as many

25
possible display modems catch the message and display it as per the constraint of vali-
dation. These limitations is removed by the employment of upper end micro controllers,
higher end Arduinos and extended RAM.

Multilingual display may be another added variation of the project. The display boards
are one in every of the only most vital media for information transfer to the most number
of end users. this may make sure the increase within the number of informed users.
Graphical display may be considered as a protracted term but achievable and target able
output. The prototype may be implemented using commercial display boards. during
this case, it can solve the matter of instant information transfer within the campus.

5.2 Implementation at Institute level

overview

Information sharing holds a vital role within the daily work of our institute LDRP-ITR.
the present means of data transfer are notice and circulars. New notice or circular is
just checked at the tip of the day. This makes the method very time consuming and
inefficient. Looking into current trend of data transfer within the campus. This latency
isn’t expected in most of the cases and must be avoided.

Initialisation

The information measure of the modem was set to be 4800 bps using the command
AT+IPR=4800.The ECHO from the modem was turned off using the command ATE/ATE0
at the excitable terminal. For serial transmission and reception to be possible both the
DTE and DCE should have same operational baud rates.

Validity Check Display

After serially receiving the characters the code then checks for start of the sender’s
number and so compares the quantity character by character with the valid number
pre-stored within the memory. we are ready to do the validation process dynamically
i.e. without storing the new message in another location within the memory. we might
require more memory locations to first store the entire (valid/invalid) message within the
memory and so perform the comparison procedure.In case of multiple valid numbers all
invalid stored messages are deleted by proper branching within the code to the “delete-
message” module

26
5.3 Results

F IGURE 5.1: TYPING MESSAGE IN MOBILE

F IGURE 5.2: MESSAGE RECEIVED

27
F IGURE 5.3: MESSAGE DISPLAYED

28
5.4 conclusion

The prototype of the GSM (Global System for Mobile communication) based display
toolkit was actively designed. This prototype has competence to be integrated with a
board thus making it truly operated in mobile. The toolkit accepts the SMS, stores it,
validates it and then displays it within the LCD module. The SMS is deleted from
the SIM whenever it’s read, thus making room for the next SMS. the most constraints
incorporated are the employment of “*“ because the termination character of the SMS
and thus the display of 1 SMS as a time.

By introducing the concept of wireless technology within the Field of the communi-
cation we are able to make our communication more efficient and faster, with greater
efficiency. we are able to display the messages with less errors and maintenance. this
technique is utilized in college, school, offices, railroad terminal and commercial ad-
ditionally as personal used. The above technical paper explains how we are able to
develop additionally as modify voice control Android based wireless bulletin board.

The wireless GSM technology utilized in the projected project to display messages
on the board is efficient, reliable, and faster with minimal errors. it’s cost effective
system, requires little maintenance, and is simple to handle and use. It fills the role
of conventional and old notice boards that need papers to write down the messages.
this point consuming and tedious work has been replaced by wireless display board.
From small institutions to big organizations, the digital bulletin board is improving their
popularity.

29
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33
Appendix A

PIN DESCRIPTION OF ARDUINO

Pin Cate- Pin Name Details

gory
Power Vin, 3.3V, 5V, Vin: Input voltage to Arduino
GND board when using an external
power source
5V: Regulated power sup-
ply to power micro controller
and other components on the
board.
3.3V: 3.3V power supply gen-
erated by on-board voltage
regulator. Maximum current
draw is 50mA.
GND: ground pins.
Reset Reset It Resets the micro controller.
Analog Pins A0 – A5 These can be Used to provide
analog input in the range of 0-
5V
Input/Output Digital Pins 0 – 13 These can be used as input or
Pins output pins.
Serial 0(Rx), 1(Tx) They are Used to receive and
transmit TTL serial data.
External In- 2, 3 To trigger an interrupt.
terrupts
PWM 3, 5, 6, 9, 11 Provides 8-bit PWM output.
34
SPI 10 (SS), 11 Used for SPI communication.
(MOSI), 12
(MISO) and 13
F IGURE A.1: PIN I/O SET

35
F IGURE A.2: PIN COMMAND SET

36
Appendix B

AT COMMANDS

F IGURE B.1: CALL CONTROL

37
F IGURE B.2: DATA CONTROL

F IGURE B.3: PHONE CONTROL

38
 F IGURE B.4: SMS PDU MODE

F IGURE B.5: SMS TEXT MODE

F IGURE B.6: NETWORK COMMUNICATION

39
F IGURE B.7: SERVICE

40