Extended definition

CORONAVIRUS

Coronavirus, a respiratory disease caused by SARS-CoV-2. It originated in Wuhan, China, and has
now spread across six continents and in more than a hundred countries. The coronavirus is spread
through droplets and virus particles released into the air when an infected person breathes, talks,
laughs, sings, coughs or sneezes. Coronaviruses are named for their appearance: “corona” means
“crown.” The virus’s outer layers are covered with spike proteins that surround them like a crown.

There are many different kinds, and some cause disease. A coronavirus identified in 2019, SARS-
CoV-2, has caused a pandemic of respiratory illness, called COVID-19.. SARS stands for severe acute
respiratory syndrome. In 2003, an outbreak of SARS affected people in several countries before ending
in 2004. The coronavirus that causes COVID-19 is similar to the one that caused the 2003 SARS outbreak.
. Illness can range from mild to severe, though not everyone infected with the virus develops symptoms.
A coronavirus is a very serious disease that could kill or harm everyone.

RESPIRATORY ILLNESS

Respiratory illness is a type of disease that affects the lungs and other parts of the respiratory
system. A diseases that may be caused by infection, by smoking tobacco, or by breathing in secondhand
tobacco smoke, radon, asbestos, or other forms of air pollution. Respiratory in latin root, respirare,
means "breathe again" or "breathe in and out," from re-, "again," and spirare, "to breathe.The lungs are
the most exposed of the internal organs and throughout the past 150 years have occupied centre stage
for disability and death. The diseases have changed: some fade, some emerge and others come and go,
but all through this period our knowledge has grown. Respiratory diseases include asthma, chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pulmonary fibrosis, pneumonia, and lung cancer. An irritative
cough without sputum may be caused by extension of malignant disease to the bronchial tree from
nearby organs. The presence of blood in the sputum (hemoptysis) is an important sign that should never
be disregarded. Although it may result simply from an exacerbation of an existing infection, it may also
indicate the presence of inflammation, capillary damage, or a tumour. A respiratory disease is a harmful
disease that needs to be take care.

CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE

Cardiovascular disease is general term that describes a diseases affecting your heart and blood
vessels. . Cardio, before vowels cardi-, word-forming element meaning "pertaining to the heart," from
Latinized form of Greek kardia "heart,"f from PIE root kerd- "heart." Vascular, 1670s, in anatomy,
"pertaining to conveyance or circulation of fluids," from Modern Latin vascularis "of or pertaining to
vessels or tubes," from Latin vasculum "a small vessel," diminutive of vas "vessel. A Cardiovascular
disease includes coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, rheumatic heart disease and other
conditions. Risk factors of heart disease and stroke are unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, tobacco use
and harmful use of alcohol. The effects of behavioural risk factors may show up in individuals as raised
blood pressure, raised blood glucose, raised blood lipids, and overweight and obesity. The leading cause
of death globally, taking an estimated 17.9 million lives each year.

CANCER

Cancer, a term for diseases in which abnormal cells divide without control and can invade nearby
tissues. Borrowed from Latin cancer (“crab”), by metathesis from Ancient
Greek καρκίνος (karkínos, “crab”); applied to cancerous tumors because the enlarged veins resembled
the legs of a crab. The earliest cancerous growths in humans were found in Egyptian and Peruvian
mummies dating back to ∼1500 BC. The oldest scientifically documented case of disseminated cancer
was that of a 40- to 50-year-old Scythian king who lived in the steppes of Southern Siberia ∼2,700 years
ago.Cancer is caused by changes to DNA. Most cancer-causing DNA changes occur in sections of DNA
called genes. These changes are also called genetic changes. the most common type of cancer
include prostate cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer, and colorectal cancer. One of a large number of
diseases characterized by the development of abnormal cells that divide uncontrollably and have the
ability to infiltrate and destroy normal body tissue. Cancer often has the ability to spread throughout
your body. Cancer is the second-leading cause of death in the world. Indeed, cancer remains a major
cause of sickness and death throughout the world.

DROPLETS

A respiratory droplet is a small aqueous droplet produced by exhalation, consisting of saliva or

mucus and other matter derived from respiratory tract surface. Droplet atomization from the
respiratory tract arises from the passage of an air-stream at a sufficient light speed over the surface of a
liquid. These droplets can contain infectious bacterial cells or virus particles they are important factors in
the transmission of respiratory diseases.

German bacteriologist Carl Flügge in 1899 was the first to show that microorganisms in droplets
expelled from the respiratory tract are a means of disease transmission. Germs that cause respiratory
(breathing) diseases are spread by droplets that come from coughing and sneezing. These germs usually
spread from person to person when uninfected persons are in close contact with a sick person. Measles
and TB are airborne-exclusive diseases. There are several other diseases that spread through respiratory
droplets, which can exist either in the air or on surfaces. These diseases include Chickenpox.