Yagnik Six- @0%0709373 1. Rotational Dynamics € what is_unifa 2m. Cincular motion Ans Duxing circular motion if the speed of the particle remain constant jt is called unifoxm tinculas motion _(U.c+M-) i = Uni 1% cular tive? jn i Z, 2: t i - AM ai motron. p Ke damula fn tangential velocity _ —Ans__Tang ential veleci px ——————— x 'State the Fosimula bros. angular velocity and i: pearodic: time Ans | Anqulas velocity w=: 2” i M y ia I But 1 =n 7 we 270 | 5 x Centar Ace. Contaifugal foxce i) The direction o} this The olinectton of, this foxce is clon force ¢ along the radius and towards contre oh “inc but anay from contre of cla le it) Tt is rontidenod in _ineatiol brome ob aclerence Tt is _consideasd inextial fname of neference —_ in _non- wipetol force . _ndudtant of gli real forces aii) Cento means the net pseado force -Ans a a vehicle a hositonted unbanted mad. Consider vertical section oh, a tar on a hoxizontal ciyculax taack of radius % pith Cos cantues ee eee Ni Cc Ts —. « ym a. v i = <——___ >; E = T Foaces acking on the Can ant iy Weight mg Fically dosinwardt it) eed aoactton Roe ts ands Ti) Foxce of static haiction $, between wad £ byass Noxmel aeaction balances the Weight een mg -@ Ponce of static ictton acts towards erritie ol taakK whieh acts as centaipetal fonce “._f, 2 pv _= @) % Dividing eqn © £G@) 7 ae ray N ay | f, ~ V~ N 34 hos an Upper linet en = Als NI MeV pe eF eae Vv 2 J Ue rg j * || Dexive on ion inimum veloc a body fo move in Well of death . Ans i) Walt of death ox tell ob death j oo 4 lin i \_o i i i which a vehicle is dxyiven in hoxnizontal ciacles. Th acting on the vehicle asa i) Noamal sceaction N acting hormontall foseads the contre and acts Os tented petal once in) iid) Fe x of — spousian f acting verticolty OX Upwards tatic paiction balances the wera fs =m ing_— © Foxu of Noxmal seaction is the centaipetas poace Ne omvy* — @f is_olways /ess than mo equel to uN | ad fate l Us DEW 9 a ¥g = as | eae ear [cg I is | tobile nied cinculer __noad, a tbs0 mith the vertical. why is if so 2 With what ale the xider has sshecten xidex has to lean lean 2 Denive the levont expaossion§ why such oa leaning no £ necessaniy for A four soheel a Ans | A two wheeler siden leans mith the vertical — | th t e rovide ne sony —— Consider mo sider faking UA Ud, 7 The hike rrder is_acted = 7 | a oe i —'4poo—hy por ras - = 47 . a i Weight mg wctically L 7 u downwards Le if) Noamal seactton N a | acting at angle @ le + Nein @ i = J 2 | Component Noose halanws fs 7 | the sotght ma mg\ [ U ~ \Component Ning oe centripetal foreo ! See NiginO 22 tote - @®© ry. | Dividing eqn @) £ @) e ! oe psin® phy — Se pt-cos0 —— | * *. tan = = =a howd bend through An_angle bore In cone oh, feaur. tohee ler normal scachors es toheds and puter wheels produces ne in 2A AL. hen ce ! ‘not ne ces a L leania O25) Uk COSI ESE — Ans |i) Shi i ( roads, there is Lina f vekrele Hii) thi i ssing that. wy t than it is sktddin the a0ad. ‘i king elevatio Yo an ii) Banking f wads poracs providing an eo. liv) Suche banking. ‘of roads helps to lasease the ___maninoun limit af speed of vehrele. i 62 ii)| | 7 a ke ad fos o two. wheeler 2# | Derive an S100 bankin nh a_vehicle moves curved banked woad Ans || Consider vertical section of vehicle on curved aac of rodius\ y’ le @- Ny 4 Ncose 8 N Yimg ZN8 The fon a hin : | Weight Cong) : vertically downwards = b) Normal ntaction N P Normal seaction Nis sesolvd into a) _Nsing - horizontal carponent b) Neoco- vertical component : = | Vertical component Alco 6 balances the nicight Nicos = mq - @ Hoxizontal component Nusin@ is the resultant — centxipetal foxc6e Bn oi Ole eye eee) i Dividing eqn @) by eqn @) Vo otsine | — hy x pttos0 - _ tan@2 v* 7G= Oe tan” (v* | xy) ¥ lL Derive an ex i x lower mit dom a vehicle moving on a banked yoad . Ans|| For lower speed limit, v, < iy iane | te component Alsinie > my — Fox such tase force o} static paiction Cf. > acts upwards - Tt_is rerolvech into two Components as shown + 5 A n— N cos@ 8. 4 $,sind A The vertical components Ncos® and f, sine ait alana ges bE omg N cose ee = ma a @ The net force betiron Nsin@ and f, cos® is the AS Ao Centai pe tad frase. Nino - f. C0s8 20a -@) > Dividing eqn O4®- AV, > 7 y 1 Nsin@ - fs oS hg Neos t fy sine| MO - Negine ~ wy N cose | 4 Nicos t+ yi Nine Div ding above eqn by Ncos@ i a. _- et Yq: phicose wco8O = peov) + ug Mh sin® weg pcos vt 219 | tan6—= - (etn) (v= hg ( tan8 - ws \ 1 + u.stane + Derive an expression }ox Upper. speod limit bon vehicle movin nw Acs Fox Upp ex Speed Himib vs > xq ta0e The component _Nsin@ <_mv,* we = fox such cases, foxce of static parction acts downwards . Tt is setolved into two Components ous hown : nt N acme < Nis: y a 7The vertical component: Nos o Lompo in® wred mn 7 = Neos © = $, Sin® + mg ~N/ cos - f ing 2 The hozzontat Componeak_Nsin@ and f. cosO tis i e ipe os. INsine “4 fo cos@ = mv,* — @ Dividing eqn @_£ @) ce PAN . sire fzcore “Soe rf Neos - f£. sin ® Zs Vai = Nsin@ + Ms NCOs9 fe feu nf F ¥4. Nose — Us NSinO Q Diwiding whole ean by Neoso T J a ve Msind 7 uc eps 4 pees peo j rfc9S8 ng DSi Wiose i cose Ve = Lang + ay p= ug tand& (v)= +3 { tan® + 4 \ : Mi Geene what is conical’ pendulum 7? Derive an expacssinn — fox time peatod of aevolution of conical pendialuna-Ars | phen i ai..stning moves ee Surface of a aighh cinta fone. and the bob peontefeee | chuculan motim then it is allad pendulum ‘having bob ass mM an skaing of Jeg th L. 4 The forces acting on bob are — i) i i m icall wnwards Tension Te in the String Resolving Tension Teas shown in_, figure _ vertical component J, Cos balances” Werght mg Ta cos O = mg = Q. ~ Hoxizontal Comp nent To sin@ acts as Centnripetal force, - T L "Tea Sin® = myw - © Th 0s 0 wg _ _ 2 ine Ta = cos® g. og Gsine a27 4 tose _ i bw) = [q sino =a @Tn AAcB Sing = 1 L ve Lsin@ Put in egn @ b= Q Sin L. Sin® cos O We Enow we 21 | 1 T t= Ans n independent of Some pactoas 2 _ I [=g— an Jieose b le ee n « ! ith meh crease in length of Pendulum: : n«vg i oO ni bend jn d with jAczease acceltration duc_to gravity | ni ! ae | V Cos GO _ arene of Conical Pendulune Peete Coen increase in Value of 0.Faaguiney eb Canitcai pera afar is inds pendent of atthe bob- gu) | Using the energy conservation derive the (esa joa the minimurr — at { io on ticod I motion Contrvjle aes - Ts exo speed possible at the uppramost point ? Under what Conditions 9 Also pxove that I i bet Ween extreme tensions (or noxnmwoel . foaces) depends. only upon the met ght at the abject - fl r IL | i b tie a ess & flensble tuing- Tt is whixled along a vertical Cimcle as shown in fiquas 9 position of bob, tio boaces aae_octing i) its Ltight mg pwotically downwards _ ee dhe tension acting along the testa A +onards the Centre.Uppermost Point A: Bath weight mg and tension Ta ane acting downsards i.e. tonands centas and acts as centutpetal force. tng +: Ta s TOA = 1): -_ Ge “Fox! ible r this. point 20 2 phg 2 phy? a vee xg cal @ “Vv, 2 Jrq| This is the minimum speed. while the bob tomer down vom “uppermost £0 pon lo wer most int _, the vertical distane is QY- Lowermost - Point B Gaavitational Potential entray j Converted to__Kinetic_enetqy energy Contetvation , Total “Enesgy at R=: Total enna at A i mV,” WS = tl mV," + hy + mg he pita mg Hereheso £ has 27 OrEEs ft mvt 1 Z t eI K Va fing x 2 tmVp_)— |} mVa? = ma xrx 2 2 J tm (v,g*- Vy2) = pq 2v 2 TS Vg*- Vat = gx4xr put Va>= 14 2. Ve - ¥9 = AVYAt noe most position 8 Tension Ta is 7 Mex tically upwards and. mg.is downwards. Net force of 7 Ty & mq_i the necort ary Centaipetal fpomce Ty > 42 mVa~ — @) ”, 3 Subtractin e4n G)_& ean @) wT eimai mait Ta) 2 mVp_ >. mVa > te a, peas ; ot ~ \~ x ye Tp = Ta=am4 2 m (52 Va2) Put values of Va &. VaX = Ip. -_Ia = m (seq - 9) + mg F BY + >t zing + 2m4 -* A = ahs i between extaeme tensions tohich cli pends ooly on the weight . Practi ‘. Ler Speed fs pocsible at the ic bea tei ! apps point nly wher the roast sad instead of sting: =Hosi zontal jote C A Det At mido way positron C_ the vertical olistance is 1 - Ry eneg oncervattion Mp e ayg At point ¢ = the Begeasty Contsite tod Baer t Cc —— 4 ©) ae Subeacing ao & ean_O. To (my Ta) = mV. > ro Va> =a na teste *) + mg _ sum (ox es = _ 9 fq ng oeinailast y J & Derive an si peed Fox vehicle at.tmp of ‘conven wate alge Aw Eigune Shows o vabicle at the top of oa ~ Conven | Over baidge Forces acting on vehicl aac i) Weight _( (m3) vertically dawmimarsls in) Nae we eal ac “4 tupud ard The nek ace between -N and mq is the Recesi any Cantalpetel foae > mg = N = mv™ x Noxrrmal seaction is an indication oe Contact A ap tne Gated on decrasing ote bow maintaining contac N20 ag hg zy > yx ve = = : vil@r This is the maaimum speedaS — _—— “ ( __on ns nsisting 6 icles of masses ny om, es My ad aes pective pecpendicubar distances ¥, ¥, In from axis_o} mtation The rect is rotating with same angular Speed J J bu different linear peed Be vot, wd) - Vi at, Upp 2 Ay) Translational KE. of fivet particle is Kp. = tom, v,* = 1 mo tow 2 L imilorly KE, = Livy *s 1 m7" J > 2 ae ee L mp ty ld an Rotational K-E- 2 KE: tke, + --- t k-En = Brae = bees roe, et by tN= ht ( mt mat tt M ty) 2 = = = But T= mt fF mtr" +--+. + My IN Derive an expression that alates ang ler momentum ee ee dys Considex an object consisting of “pan ticles of masses My, Mz ,..+,My at respective per penditulaa distances v, _ Jean. aus of yotatton - The_object is mtating with same angular peed 7) t different ~lincas speeds “as V, = TW Vow Vue tw bo first particle p sv aA, bdPAGE: 14 DATE: / J Angular momentum ..of fingt particle Lys Py 2 mt, w x Ty Lem, 4) Angulen tonmantum of body be bh th thytth Lia mt, W + my rw 4 M3 X, i) +...+ My, ty staf rn %* + mat” + my%y* eo + my ty) But “Telm Ay my ty? 4 ws $y IW) a a) 08) || Obtain expression gelating the we with ceel eration igt odThe_object is rotating with Same angulas acceleration & but different liners Occelesations. as Ono ay: HX Ons In % Foxte_experien b jaat Hicle is fps m, Ay = mM, 7¥, % ticle Toque eapusienced hy fiast_paatdle i natin ry, 1, K x ¥, 2M, 7)" ow Solely Ty =m, 1,7 « a 17K Cos My tn Kh Resultant torque Ts Ti+ Gta t Cm 2 m7 Pak + 10, %,7« +. ot yt K 2k (myn t my tot ny’) But ZT = mys *+ moy,* +--+ Mn tn = C= In £PAe 55 jon fox Moment of Thelin Derive an Ans of a uniform Mise fom Consider a uniform Form aise ates Mand ——— eee todins R mtating about. _its_0bo Axis:Consider fe tir shown by eae pontion. Anca of this aig Az 2nv dv a= dm aavdy “. dm: anrdy * 7 Moment: of Inertia of thi xing Ty = dm-1> & Moment ot Inertia (2) of disc Ts Ty a. wr ” cae & a 4 4 Q aI= [r*_ of io J 2 AK, My pty xX Palen L De 1 me* 2 ori) why pevit weful to_define vadius of fyretiee : a5) || Dicuss the necessity of radius of ne Define tt On what factoan dues it’ depend and it dows no Zo locate et ween.. Cent ©. matt and sxadius of qusation 2? shat Can you i ober i} ow pe sing and =o disc have the Same sadius of gyration 2 Ao ii) Fer knowing the distsibution ef mas the axis } Sota tion it_is necessary a de ae sodius of gyration n{k) Tt is the distance where mass of im elfectively Jocated _ Mr there 1 is moment of inertia of object Mis mass of object I adivs ‘of “gunation of an ohject: de be Radius of ete Breanne bo ium ever ie ieedaens between the anit of rotation and a Pein te which the pihole inass of the bay i Supposed to be Concentrated so as td Same ent ot ta of the led?PAGE: 23 DATE: / / Radius of ion_depends upon V L)_Distzibtetion of mass of the body )_ Position of anis of tation 3) h i the body. Radius of quxation of body i: independ en€ of total l mass at. the body. Centar of mass of a body is also a polot at which the whole a ot the body i upposed. to be “toncentsated. P f Detinitions of centae of mass and radios of gy sation Seems Similar but the locaton of J conta of ass and radio of gyration shalt — be diferent in all objects. xf King 2 Katee than K yige2 VA Ring Peete eae eee Fox Bing Tes MRE Pare dise Iq: (MR : 2 MR, = BER and. gy? = Ma ba eo fee bye ond ‘ ha a oe eee ° eoa ve. f KR RK Ans Statement :. The moment of thertia (Ie) of an §: ut any avis is the sum af its moment cf IJnevtia (I.) is tv -the ieee axis and Pas ing through the tentae Of mas and Fan product o the obfect and the Sq mart. of the distance sbetsleen the two axes (Mh?) To ite NS) ~ : {J nD {ft fake tend (SF eer Conaiden an chvect of ness MM and tuo parallel int ee a: in Considen a mass “element dm located at point Dd. Draw Perpendicular DN by extending Oc. Moment Inertia _of object about an axis passing through. tentae C isTe+flp 20) dimMoment of inextia of aye! fot tigen ut an ari passing though _O (ICn ae Jt the 02m = DN "+ On’ = ( [fp Lf tent +toes ens} de por acren}— ‘ - [font Loc Een? 2)fam But On 4 CN = Dc* by py thagoses Heosom 2 { fea" 4 OC + 200) Cena} din 2 fepe® dm + Coc® dm: + (aoc) (en) dm a) J a) Put {oct di 2 Te Oc sh 1 Ia: Ie + h? {den ¢ ah (len) dom a (din = M & [(en)dm = 0 as any nas dis tribution is_Symmetaic ahowk the _eosctue of mass. To 2 t¢ +Mh* wrx | Stale and prove theorem o pendiculas Axes : Ans _|| Statement : The moment of Jae C12) of o - aminar abject about ana ex peadiculan to its plane is the Siu. aL its “rachaeak of Inexttas ehout two mutually Perpendicular ares (x & y) in_its plone brherc colt the three anes beng pene0. Y 4, 4 Ch a a4 XX Considin a rigid laminas elect have thee ul mutually pexpendic ar dnes “x, y £ Zz. a) a int plane of the object and Zenxis is: perpendicular to i{- All thase axes : ne Consider a mass element dm at point D. Mp ='y NDza & OD =z Moment. of Inertia of b L ear Lys fmin? dn “2 [yd Moment tf Inertia of body about Y axis is Ty faio® dm > Tf des —Homent af Inectia_ef. body about L_axis_i: Tz= f On* dn = f > dm thagoras theorem, = [(yt+ 2%) din Han! rey =f y= dem tft din uz y+ ly =a6) State the conditions under mhich the theorem (A ticular Anes cpa ta “ A jrective themat t sions: Ans In prader eon to Any object mie. need tuso axes paraliel ty each othesY 10 ; Za ik i how contne of mass of object: 2 Jo ote to apply papendiulan axes theorem, oa laminar obfect pith thace ae ae Ques. One axis is perpendicular and other two ares Ie in the plane wh_object: Mathematical expressions Parallel: Gres itheosem: To > Ter Mh™ Pes pendiculan axes theorem: Iz- J, tly | State and explain the paiaciple of conservation. of Momentum. Use a suitable iluabton:. Do we use it in oun Aatly Uf 2 tshen? Ans | Statement :. The angular momentum. E's conteaved in the absence am ertenal unbalance A tongue 7 => Y Angular momentum is qiven by bs ¥ x Dif pesentiatiog pou bie get Area ee etter) At dt = gx df +. Aes dat dtTlustyation :- Divers while diving into the a cod Wi mming ol. oh Uding Lom ition frotd _thecs ae ee £ e pet he b axd. i body immecintely after leaving the board. This seduces moment of Inertia Zonsiderably: As a nosult pasqusn ia increases sind they lan make morse munds in atre- Conservation tt angular momentum is used in daily Life by ballet Yacirots divers _in St)im ring pool, sports person in Tee skating ete» _____O10)|| Discuss the interslink between translation of , motational and total Kinetic enerxqres of a aigid object that wolls without Lip ping . the object Ans) tT the cose of pure rolling types of Kinetic energies viz. “ytationel two by and. translational - ii) Sum of stational and taanslational K-E the total bf. of body - Total KE. = Translational K-E. + Rotational K-E. et -My* + ) Tw” 2 2 put T= Mk* and wiv k 2 IMy*+ 1 mer/y\r 2 2 Gey Total ee 2 i yye fe aa 2 em) This isthe expression for K-F. d aog eolling mottva aut) A xigi d hj ect is ing down an_inclined plane. plane. Horive ei ecient ‘on fhe acceleration along ea ga track ood the speed after falling thracigh a a costain vertical dirtance “9 _ S ' oO the a ' Oa -Considers a sxigid object sadius & welling do. an i an angle. @Q.- A objeck starts sallin po Fe is “tonverted into. “K-ES o} tu Ling p.-£.. +3. Total KE. Mah = 1 ptv* [yy kT aa Te Aghe vr fit et U I aL R J agh y* . fi éerd fe ve [aah » ie Now sing = bh 2. 6: h = Ss Sin€ Using kinematical equation 1or) vA dise and a hollow aight cinculan tone. have the Sanat frosmnule. oa ies et hen satating about their central aros hq is it so? Ans li) Fox a. 2elling objet the expression fret. moment of ines tia” is wer the fraain n-(M-R2) Doron ee oon er Re Fox Srarmple for wari froaen olid sphere Ts 2 Mey oon (MR) _ 2 Son: * ree ey 2 2 Ss Re Ss) ii) A unifoam disc and a hollow sight cirefar cone hos same value of ee - i Reg 7 xe, they have Same ula their M.-L. jee: Tz: |} me? 2 State the enpacisinnt foi mancat of inextia fro Vatiaus objects. Ans DObiect Axis Exp se gsion lL Solid Sphere Central = MR*Object Axls Expression 2) || Thin ring ot Cental uo hollow cylindes | 2] Uniform dise Centro r-time* or solid cylinder. = 4) | Thin hollow sphere || Central i: Ss 5) || thin unifoam md Passing through [| T 2 1 ML* or sectang, vlax plate Contre I> ®) | Uniform plate os Centro Tes m(t+s*) b aca {2 *paxalidapopad T a xm solid Central T- 3 mgr aight cixvewlar Cone = 3 um _hollow (ential re bue® sight civoular Cone a) || Thin ving diameter De) Me> J > lo i ist diameter De Jee Uniform di i t u\ Il thin unifnam od _||_ _Passin 7 G er sectangudas plate