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    мария кромская
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    16 views44 pages

    GL 2

    Uploaded by

    мария кромская

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 44
    Taaga II PASBUTHE CXEM YHJMBUAY AIbHON JIPUHAAEJKHOCTH B PAMCKOM TIPABE AOKMACCHYECKOLO HEPHOZA § 1. MarpHapxaasuas cemba # BHKBAD Pumcxee o6urectBo, cTporo ropops, He Gplio HHANBUAyanucTuNe- CUM: NPHHWN opMadbHNOrO paBeHCTBa He MALIEA NOCMeLOBATELHO- ro sceoGuero IpwMeHeHHA Jake BHYTPH Tako MpHaHrenUpoBanuon py, Kak PuMoKan NpaKjawcKad oGumma (civitas). Ea necnpen bl PONHGMPaBHblM AHILOM NPHGHABAICA LOMOBIA ABI Ka {paler familias) — raasa narpuapxavimio cempa (familia). Apyrne ROMOVBTEL!, Wake sapocable ciHosba (filii familias), sapuceaH B COBEPINEHHK CAENOK OT CBOCTO BOMOBAAINKH, UbA OTPaxenian mpa- pocyObextHocTh coo6mana nM OGUlesHaquMy10 pOvlb B rpamKaHCKOM o6opore — persona. Ec aoMonwayhiKa cautadca persona sui iuris Haut suae potestatis (aHlomM cRoero npaBa, cBoel BaactH), TO AOMO- 4aAMUb PaCcMaTpHBaIMCh Kak personae alieni iuris uu alienae po- testatis subiecbae (aula uyaoro mpapa, noqwennbte uy2Koil Bia- TH). Jane aykKoro pana He wMeer co6cTReHHOcTH («nihi! suum habe- re potest» -- Gai, 2, 87) m npHoGpetaet TosLKO B HOMb3y cBoero AOMOBAaEIKM. OFO He MOXKET CAMOCTOSTEADHO COBEPIATS WpPHAME- Ke CLENKH, YXyIWalomMe ero HOTOREeHHe: OTHYAMATh, NPHXHMAaTb ‘na ce6a o6n3arenucraa. JL1a neficTBHTeAbHOCTH NOXOOHBIX aKTOB He- OOXOAUMO BOMENIEABNMeEHHE TOMOBaAbKH (auctoritas). Moapaact- Hoi MOxKeT BeCTYaTs B Opax toawKO mpH ysactun pater familias. On mpwo6peraer ino pacnopsxenuaM mortis causa, ocTaBJenHEM Ha ero HMA, He HHaWe KaK No MpHKasy WOMOBAaIBIKH (iussu patris). Cy6nexrom aualledis, HataToro NoWwSACTHEIM (CBOGOUHBIM 1TH pa- ‘6om), aBTOMATHYeCKH CTAHOBATCA LOMOBAaIEIKAa, M Mpuodperateab- Han apHocrh Teter Ha ero HWS. Byayuy, rakum o6pasom, nama (personae), yyacrunwavn mpano- Goro OSLLCHUA, NOMBTACTHDIS WIENS MATPuAPXISBHON ceMBI He UWETIT ABTOHOMMA AMUHOCTH — HeOOXOMHMON NpeANOchiaK peasnsanun HH- AUBHAYAABHNX HHTepecos B obuLecTBeHHOl awanu. Twanextuxa co- UHATsHOra 1 HE AWBHAYANbHOTO 310Cb TAaKORBa, YTO HeENpPHAane HHAI- BULYAQwubIxX WHTEPECSB Ha OOULECTREHHOM 'ypoBHe OsHadaer 1X Hecr- Pedhrexcnpopannccrh H, CAegoBatTeAbHO, OPCYTCTBHE. B apesiocra punckoe oGuiecrBo crpowloce Ha ocHoORe NaTpHap- XaabHbx cemelicrs. B aTo# hope uNCTHTyRUOHANHaApoBanoce cne- RabriecKoe comHatbwoe COsHaWHe — sCXATOTOTHVeOKAaR MedTarb- HOcTh (MHpOOMyulente), BHPASHBUAICH @ KYTbTe upeaKoB (sacra 37 familiares), koropble mountamich yncnamn familia, a B peTpocneK- TwRHOM cdeTe pogermea (adgnatio), UpunmManiueam Bo BYNMaTHe TOIbKO JMU, OObERHHEHHEX COMM ceMehuEtM KyAbTOM [saBeHciBo B ceveliiom KyabTe crapulero arnata (adgnatus proximus) — pos- CTREHHHUKa MYACKOTO Moma, CaNtaBuleroca GAmKahmMa K Mpesxam, ero VeqnaTHBHat po.tb MocpejjHnKa Wex.y NpegramM't W AHBEIMA, POABKO CLE HAYULHMI K WepeBONAOULOHHIO, GFO OTBETCNBEHHOCTh 3a Hpowoaxerve cevelicrsa @uxcupyloTca UpaBoM Kak BAacT {potes- tas) Ha BCeM KOWexXcou aMu im wMymecrBa (familia), o6beaHHeH- HB reHeasonmueckolt ugeet Cocrostine caoGo,HEX .JOMoUaTuER BO BracTH JomoBmaanKH (patria polestas) BEIpaxaeT MX MpHBalex- HOCTR K ceMelicray. TIipw sTow JOMOBIAgHIKa OXasBaeTCA OCHTe- vem coSupatembHok JM4HOCTH BcCe\ YeHOS ceMelicTBa, a ero MAgH- BUAyANDUB WHTepec — OTATOMLEHHEIM HMMEpAaTHBOM 3a60TH oO ce- Melicne, v @ TOKE NOrAolaencA MHTepecaMn CCMBP Kak Ledo'o Cuanian 4 Geskavlociad BNaCTS MOMOBNAINKA da. AOworaTiaMn CTb JUIN MpOABeHHe CTPOTACTH MPHHuTOp cevelHoro oGmeKMTHA, KOTOPBING CBASAH TPOWSEOT PiaBbI CeMbH BO BHYTPHCeerHBTX OTHO- meauax! On Cav aBasienca opyanem, a ero BaacTh — dyncunell ce- MelicTsa Kak ABTONOMHOH COWHATBHOM cTpyKTYPH™ Takal WNTeplpetaia, OCHOBRANHAA Ha aWaAN3e MICTHTYTOR cura furiosi et prodigi (kouTpoaa Hag GesywHM H pacroutTenbaLiw Wo- MoBagEiKoi), postliminium (Bo3BpaHledHA OMOBAaIHKH 43 NeHa) tm successio ipso ture ab intestato (aBroMaTHyecKoro HacaeloBarHA Womouaryer Ges saneulanha)*, MossouKeT WPeOMOAeTe OAHOCTOPOHHHE TCOPHH, aHAAHBHpylouNe Npobsemy B repMuHax mua cewefitraro co- BAALCHKA, AGO MOHAPXHYecKoH Bact ~peBHero BoMoBRagHKM Jipa MepBLIX HHCTHTYTA MOKaswBawT, IPO AWA poau pater familias xapaK- TOPHE! He pachopAANTeTHABIe, a CraTyCHble MoAnovMoTHA (Ge3sywHEi He pacnoMaraeT MOC1e1HHMH, (tO OCTaeTCH AOMOBT2AAb KON, a TOsHRAS DACHHOTO FOMOBAAAHIKH B CEP KTYpe cevelicTaa npeObiBaer Hesawe- IWeHHOM, MOKA COXPANAETCA SHCHEKTALLAA TPMT, CBAIAHMHAR ¢ OT- cyTcTBuem bakTa CMepTH B IMeHy), HM CaMH 9TH NOAHOMOUHA eCcTb FHUIb MepeHoc cemelHol apTOHomHN B chepy memceveltyx oTHoWwe- auf Flopagok upesvedinvero macaegopaniua 6e3 3aBneuaHHaA oOTpakaer cemelinpit xapakiep co€crsenvocru ma MMyELecT3O CeMelHo rpynimn, Kola mepevena isapbl ceveliciBa We UPHBOLT K CMeHe coGcTBeH- taxa, I[po6ne va COrmacoBaHus OMABHO BEIpaKeHHO Bact nOvWo- BLAIWKY C HeOOxOLMMElN (successio necessaria) mH aptowaTH4uecKHM ' Bro te ostauaer, O1Hano, GYRTO HoMoBAaaHKa — paG oGbuan, Heodopmael HKOCT: KHAVBEAYAIbHOTO HuTepeca oGeChewuBaer rapiorn~ MipooviueHna = Cw Aoxse A B Wnqwousyaauam npapocosnarie 6 aoxan ecoon Pune//Cruan vou nevu, U HOBeReHHA B MCTOPRI MEpoBOH KyaeTyp M, 1990 C 113—l15 c es Cu Loxdes LB Prvckoe apxanueckoe Hacaescipentioe npaso M, 1993 3 nae 38 (ipso lure) Hacaelopanuem GawK afitio x NOABAACTHRIA? Kak CMeHOl paacreyOilero Juuat, He sapncmel CF BONN yuACTHMXOB OTHOUIEHHS, euiaeTcA Ha OCHOBe Pas.iM4eHAA MByX CXeM MpHNAATEKHOCTA B ap- xanvecxyiO 9MOXY. CraTHaHol MOABAACTHOCTH cyBepeHHO coaManBoii equnuue (familia) mumamsuecKol MOABepKEHHOCTH PACTOp aACNHIO ¢o cPOPOHAL NpaBowcwHOro npexycrasATena Tako eauHHUE (pecu- nio)® PachopAiTetbHad AKTHBHOCTh TlaBbl COMbH ROONpMHRMAeTCH B MemcCeMeHHOM COMMAIbHOM MIpOcTparcTBe Kak MapaaMPMa coMaAb4O AONYUICHHONO M MpHsHanHoro MoneAeMAA CamoBmaetHora Jmana H CpAK- CUPVETCA UOFHTHBALTM NpABOM B RHE YaCTHOH BAAcTH rAABH CeMDY (pater familias) naa apyruwi ce usenamn H CeMefinbIM uMymlecTBOM (o6a Fownaetca uvexyioTca ) Tlo som npnanne nepexonx POH AOMOBTANMKH OFpaRaercd B TEPMHHAX TaKOTO COUMaAbHOTO APOCPPaNCTBA, KaK ORTAONNe NOBLM INOW ceMerniim KOMAIeXxcOW («familiam haberes, — XH tab., V, 4), xora ¢ enyrpcevtehinol tou- KH 3pOHHa Takad CMeHa MemuaTOpa He W3MeHReT BeIHYIO NpwHad- ACKHOCTS SKOHOMMMTECKOTO NoTeHWMana BceMv cewelicTay, B oTHOMIe- WAH KOTOPOTO akTyaMbHB JOMORMAAE Ka NoAeGen yupaBamomeny® Upesuyh sakovoqaTesb He paciaiaran WHHMH 3hPasHTeAbHBIMH OpekcTBaMH AAA YKa3saHHA Ha BHYTpHCeMefoe COORITKE, oBAZAIIOe ¢ nepexozom patria potesbas mpVvroMy JMUY, tev cKazaTb oO mepexoze K HemMy ceMefiHoro komnaekca [loustue «familiaspuipamaer craryec- 3 Cw Camaiiexud BH Oucpeat 43 xctopim semaeptaaenia ad mpasa B ApeBHeM Pume Osepx V Hacteaopasne xomovamies (ipso we) 3 casa © BONpOCOM 0 ce weitHof coGersexnocta Kues, 1913 C 250--349 B orof paGore omponeprarores: KOHUCHINH CeMeHOrO COMIaTeNHA B ApXaNveckyro BNO, a ABTOMATHNECKOe TMeeM- cTsO Cbiffonet NOMOBAaAbKe OGEACHAeTeT HX TPYLONWM yIacrHem B cos tant cemer~ CTO AOCTOAMHA, ATO HepeoUeHHBAeT ANACHHE NVAUBHAYAANCTRYECKOFO OCHOBARUR B OTHOMeNRAX ApeRMero NpeeMcTBA * Tlo crporowy rpaxaaxccomy npasy (ius civile) wemocpercrBesHme nucxoas- TMe AoMoBnanbixy (site heredes) wacnegoBann HeI2BYCBMO OT TOTO, XOTAT OHH HAH her (esive velint sive nolinty — Gar ?, 157), B moTowy MMeHORaACh HeoSxoaH- wuME HacneauMkamn (heredes necessarn) > Baxkno MOmiepRHYTh, YTO Peth We HAeT O AenenHH HMYMecTBA Ka cemeiinoe F HHIHBAAYamHOe (BEIM, NOTREpKewAble cHOSOAHOMY pacnopsxKerMo AOMOB TAI: Kit) Kak O70 UpeaMonaraetca B KOHIeMHH, pacnpoctpaxeHHoh s xoue XIX 3B, H noavanrsmes nogoe pasentne 8 padore M Baaccaxa (ca Wlassak M Studien zum altromischen Erb- und Vermachtnisrecht//Akad Wiss Wien Phil-hist Klasse Bd 215 Abh 2 Wren. Leipzig 1933 S’ 58 sqq) Kpurepnew aencima pemef 4a famlia u pecunia aBsneTcH He HX MOTeHUHATHAT KomBepKeHNocTh mAMBHAyeAb- HoMy PAacnopamrXeHIno AOMORABANKH H BORMeKACMOCTS B OGOPOT, a aKTYaMbAOe co- Croanke B oBopore pecuma — s7o familia, sagelicrsonanHan B céepe rpaxpancxoro OG6onora Fa acHOBe DacnOpAANTeAbHOH aKTHRHOCTA goMoaTagMKH Tlonpobuee cM * Aovdes A B Pumcnoe apxaitieckoe waciegcteenxoe mpaso C 118 4 cea ® Beraaa a AOMOBIAMMKY Kak va vRpaBamoulero (mapager) cewehusim muytie- cTBom wuzanuvT T Moafinom {cm Mame H S Ancient Law Its connection with the early history of society and its relation to modern ideas L, 1894 P 183} Rpeoxones xorteminio cemefnot coSeraeHHOCTH Kak GopME KOATEKTHBHON coGcTBER- HOCTH, STOT NOAXOT pasBuN roMtaRAcKMA ysenunt Buave (em Wilms J G A Be- merkungen omtrent de sociologte der oudlatynische famila//Tifdseriit voor econo- Mie en sactologie 1937 N 3 S 29—68, Cornel G Une onentation nouvelle des Techerches sir les origines de la familie et dela proprigte en droit romain// RHD 1937 N16 P 564 sqq) 39 HELe VIOHOMOYNT QOMOBIAIDINN, Wapapcesieckad (yakuna He HCyep- Mbipaer pon pater B cemelicrse, Ho WMeHHO ona loGechemBBaeT Nepe- ouenKy Bulacta (potestas) MoMoBa—bKH B KaTeropuAx yacTHOH coO- eTpemvocrx (dominium) c yrsepayennew B CTpPyKType AMUHOCTH NpeaAMeTHEX HTepecoB, A B COMMAAHOM CORMAN ~— aHayeHua oT- ACIbHOH Boneh IuWHOCTH, unguaHaa ToKa3aTenem mapyByAyaan- BSHPOBARHBIX TOMHOMOGHH OMOBAAINKH ABAeTCA <«pecumla» (10- CAOBHO €CKOT>) — OGBEKT, POCTOACTBO HAL KOTOPHM BLIABAAeT CNO- COOHOCTh AHA K CORMAaTBHO sHaNHMOMY Pacnopsxennto? Tloapszenne 8 chepe wexcemefimoro B3anMoyecTBHA = AM4ynOCTA, OTIEYAIOULCH BLACTHLIMH NOHOMOWHAMH, ReslaeT cemeliuoe HW\ile- TBO COOCTBEHHOCTHIO JOMOBTaaHKH, a wdea domimum («dom- nus> — nocnomHH “ova, domus) K1aqerca B OCHOBy BbIpa6oTKH no- HATHA dacTHO coGctBeHHocTH B apeBHocTH caeayer oTanuatb He- OOXOQHUMO HHUHBEAYAWIbUYIO (KAK PaCHOPALHTeIbHWA akT) MOABAacT- HOCTh BEMIH OMOBMATEIKe OT ee IPHHAWIEXHOCTH, CTATHYHOR TOARe- ATOMCTREHHOCT CeMeHCTBY WVIN ZPYIHM aBTOHOMHBIM CONMATbHbIM equa Sra onocobuocth pacnopsaxatpca ( (bona citraercn 10, YTO OcTaeTcA 3a BANETOM 0mroB) Taxyio xe watepnperaiyio aaer Tlananuan (D 35, 2, 1, 3 Pap, 29 quacst}, x10 TOsBOARET OMpefledts Bona Kak SKOHOMHYCCKMH AKTHE. OGOpOTKOe —HMVHLECTBO, BKMOVaT TpeoRAREA nO OSsmatemcTRaM Buparkenne (AoctoBHO «npeGusaTp B HMyulecTRe>) Beerda OGoaHadaer mMpano coOcTReCHFOCTH {um no noaomy mpasy — um klassischen romischen Recht//ZSS 1987 N 104 S 238 sqa, 1988 N 105, 1990 N LO7 BMBOA K KOTOPOMY TOMAHACKHE YUeRLIE MPH Ha OCHOBE BCeOSLemmomera TEKCTOAOTHYECKOTO AHaNH3A, OTREYACT AOTHKE CTaHosTenHA YaCTHOH coGcraennocry, MOckoabKy cpo6oxa HARHBHAA Kak HeOGxojWMad MpeTOcbiaka H CoMepAaNHe aOGoTe Mpapna (B CYSBCKTHBIOM CMEICde} BEIABAMeTCA A CUKCHPyeTCR NOSHTHRADIM NpaboM HMeaito B chepe rpaxknancxoro oSopora 40 e6ymer seqnol)* — a. Koppecnoxzmpyiomen dopMyae XIT na6.nn1 mee Cie, de off, 1, 12, 37)” (npotas uyxaKa pepxondas naacth (xoasH- wa) da upe6yzeT BeqHoA) B oOewx mopmax Bbypaxena necmocob- WOCTh BOpa Jin TyKecTpanua® MpHoGpectH MomHy!o BlacTh Ha Be- DIIO PHMOKOTO Tpawy Lanta Haamenayatpuptli axt pacnopaoxeauad mpm BocnpuaTan B cepe MEKICEMChHOPO S3awWMOMeHCTBHA HUITEPpeTHpyercsH KAaAK WPOAB ede quqHOH BaCTH pactopanutena Ham o6bexTom Takne JnHawayecKie MOBHOMOUNHA — CAMUCTBEHHO BO3MOIKHMe NH 3HAIHMBle B YACTHOMpA- posoli obape — MenyualoT opMatbHyO ONpedeexHOCcTh Kak HHLIHe BALYaJbUbe Mpapa, uCKMOUAOWNe yuaenHe sOGONO TpeTbero AHLa B pelleduH cybOel o6bexta Ecsm auctoritas ecth Bbipaxkenie cxe- MBI CTATHYHON MPHHAdekWOCTH B TOM COMHaIBHOM TpocTpaHcTze, TAC TeMCTBYIOT HHAMBHIB, BbIPArKeHe CeweliHOTO B YACTHOV, TO IN- HAMMYCOKOe MOHOMOMHE NpeACTaRAneT co6ol muLWBHLyaIDHyIO pH BaLIeKHOCTh BeulM (B TO cTeNeHH, B KAKO Oa BOIMOAHA B ycnO- BUAX CYLIECTROBAHUA Apyroi cxeubl, oTpaxaiolell cTpyxTypHpOBaH- HOCTS COMMAMLHOH KMBHH To INNA ceMelicTBa), yKasHBaa Ha wepy ROTYMCHHA HHAMBUAYAIbHOTO HRTepeca B rpamyaHcCKOM oGnLecTBE Sto WoTHOMoGHe HMedyercd «Manus» mW NpA3sHaeTcA 3a BCAKHM MYy2%- quHO-BouKom (vir) B nonsaraax KaccHMecKONO PHMCKOTO MpaBa cooTHOWMeHNe WeAaLY manus m auctoritas BbIrtaanT caegyioulnM o6pa3om Bo saacta ra- nus mpe6binaer aaxownan cynpyra pHMaAAnMHa, \oTA Gr cam cvnpir pin persona alieni iurts Cpa cemefenpa sie apanetca cy Obextow upasa coGcrsennocm, HO npHyanoe (dos) Bo Bpema Gpaka Mpnnat- A@KUT eMy Kak cynpyry Pasyiiq o6pazsou OH womeT oOaSELBATECA H MCNOMHATH CBOH OOR3ZaTeABCTBA, MOTOPHIe WOUHTaITCA Obligationes naturales, Te we MpusHaiores ius civile m He 3amHIleNb AcKaWH, HO ViulaveHoe 0 HHM He CHHTaeTCA HCMOTHeRHeM = HedoMKHOrO Maa OTUYKUCHHA BEL MIM YCTaHOBJeKHNA ‘OOAZaTeMDCTBA Evy HeOGXOLH- ™a auctoritas zovosnaaiiKn T[pmo6perenma norsaactuoro nocry na- WT B MOAL3Y JOMORTALKH, HEOMOTPA Ha TO ¥TO CHIN 3aKsIOUaeT cheaky Ha cBoe uva B To 2e BpeMA® ero BOCIPHHHMalOT KaK THY- ROCTE HANPHUMeP, ‘MPOAOUKHTEAHOCTL MpHoOperewnoro uve yay pvK- Ta (IpaBa NOXMSHEHHOTO NOMbIOBAHHA BEINIO H H3BNeGeHHA 13 Hee © YrouweHHe , KOTOPOE COMEPHKHTCA B TeKcTe sanoHa, sacTannaer OT- BeprhyTp Bce Apyrde TpakTOBKH atistoritas, Kpome noqBaactHocTH OGHuNo lex Att- ma Zatupyior KoHuom II] — navagom Ile aon a (cm Kaser M Ergentum und Besitz um alteren romischen Recht Koln, Graz, 1956 S 95) Saxons: XII ra6anc co AepKaiw cxonnoe noctavopnenue (VIII, 17}, Koropoe B KeaccHMecKoOe BpeMA jORN- MagOch Kak 3anpeT Ha ApHOOperenHe No AasHOCTH BopoBaKHBX Beef (Gal, 2, 45, 49) Mzeq sanpera 6iina 6m ReROsMOHHO ecaH Spr ThATCAbMDI MOMGHTBL OTHOWEHHA He caeyIoT pexmMy mpsxMorg mpexcrabuTenbeTBa, Peansnpt (BeuLHOMpaBOBo) hdext npHodpe- TOHNA Yepes ToABNacnHOrO OoHOBAM Wa potesias, TaK ¥TO MONBMACT+ ub (fifius familias) mpegerapaser cxopee cemeticTBo B menam (fa- milia). Tlomzonpaswe ZoMoBaagbikKH OUpezesneTCA CORMageHueM B ero amie manus u auctoritas: neppoil OH pacnosaraer Kak BAKU! rpaz- WannH, 4 BTOpaA NpwMAcaNa ero THYNOCTIT Aah P1as@ ABTOHOMHOTO mesoro ~— ‘cewelicTsa, Oanaxo, eoia aovosnatpiKa Hegxeecnoco6eH (mo poopacTy Han 43-34 BOMeBONO AeeKTA JMYHOCTH, Kak B cayyae GesyMusd HM CKAOH- HOCTH K pacTouNTeAbcTBy), on He O6Aagaer auctoritas. Sno noAHOMO- une Mpazaetca xypaTopy, KoTopbii Game cnoco6en oTuymAaTh fO+ cpeacTBom ManietanyH (Top%KecTBeHHOrO pHTyala mepenooa cobcTy BewHOcTH) Bem Geaymuoro (D 47, 2, 57, 4)!°. B srod weagsu IOmnan TOBOPHT, 4PO KYPATOP «3amellaeT WHO XO3AHHA> («personam domi- ni sustinet>). Auctoritas orcytersyer um y HU, CocTOMMyHx nom one- KOH, — Y WeHUMHH H MaJOAeTHHX, KOTOphie Wake B KaccHTeCKyO amloxy, crap personae sui iuris, HMeAN OrpanHdeHHy!o yeecnoco6- noch (Gai., 2, 80—85). Hx sapucumocts or auctoritas ouexyng mojoGa saBCHMOCTH HomBaacTHoro or auctorifas WomoBjaALKH & conepmlenuH cletox. HecnocodxocTb GiTh auctor caa2aHa c TeM, ¥TQ TepBOHAYAIbHO STH KATeTOPHA AMIE He MOMIM MCHOTHATR por pater familias Takia o6pas3om, HagesteHHe ama auctoritas 3aBucuT He TOXMHKO OT eNO MO3HLHH B PEHEATOrHIeCKOM PRAY, HO H OT cnocobua+ ct OLITh YWaCTHHKOM npaxuaHexoro o6opora. Auctoritas — sto Ka- YeCTBO ABTOHOMBOH COLMMaJbHOM eARHHLbI! — NaTpyapxXanbHoro ce- MeficrBa, TpmianHoe ero ObuLenpH3HaHHOMYy Tape KaK aKTYabHOMY PacHopAABTeMO, WCTOUHHKY CONMAALHO sHaNHMOTO BOTeOMpereTeHHA B cibepe MexcemetHoro B3aNMOgerlCTRAR Jawa, He IpHHalnexkayue K VaTpHAapXabHOM ceMbe M TOTOMy He pacioJaraioume auctorilas, BOCHOMHAIOT ec, NOCTYNad B KAMSHTH K ABTOPHTETHEIM OAM. Par yepT ynoso6aseT xKimenTa 6aH3KOMy POICTRCHHMKY HaTpona, Kawent HOCHT podoBoe HMA arpoHa (nomen gentilicium). Ects caniereipcrsa 0 TOM, 4TO KIHeHT xKeHHTOH ¢ Ppaspewenua nanpona (Plut., Cat. Maj, 24, 2—3; Liv. 39, 19, 5), note6HO cHHy-lo_BaacTHowy. B moaqpo6uow onmeanwa KAKeHTeTb, yupexomHoli Pomynzom, Lvomucuit Tamuxapwaccwmi Tpnaxge yno; Ao6rAeT KAMeHTOR 61N3KHM pouctBeHHuKaM Tlatpox o6#3aH Tenate JIA KuMeHTA BCe, ITO OTe emaeT WIA cha (UMTAl: TOMOBAaIHKa AAA NOABAACTHOTO) B OTHOWEHHH MerexKHLX onepanalt 4 KoHTpaxtos {Dionys, 2, 10, 1); Kament 06a3aN NoMOoraTL NaTpoHy B OTMpaBae- HUM OSLUCCTBCHHEIX JOUKHOCTeH, Kak ITO RenaloT pomcTBeHHAKH (2, 10, 2); OTHOWeHNA KINEHTeALI Nepelaloven OT NOKOICHHA K TOKOTe- de B resere crour «etiam tradendos, rine wanatent BocctanapanBator 42 yO, WHNEM Me OTANYARC OT HACMEACTREHUAX OTHOWCHHA POACTBEH- waxos (2, 10, 4) B avo PaAy mi NOpAIOK wWacHeIOBANHS NaTPOHa MoOc.Te BOJIBEO- ornylleHHuxa (nuGepta}, Ke ocranuBmero saneiadns, — peaMKr (PEBP HN KAWOHTCKHX orromennit!, npexycvotperiplit saxo: XI gabann (V, 8). Tit. ex Ulp, 29, 1: Civis Romani liberti heredita- tem lex duodecim tabularum atrono defert, si intestate sine suo herede libertus decesserit... 3axou XII ta6unn oraaer nat- PORY HAaCHeICTBO BO bROOTIHY- URC KA PHMICKOPO TpaAQhattH- Ua, OM OH yep 6e3 3apenia- THA, 70 OCTABMB Suus heres. Conoctapdaensie sToTO Texcta c 3akoHoOM YI) rab o npeemctse Ge? sasemamua (V, 41, ro Koropovy familia JomMonsaqpan, yhep- usero 6e3 SapelUsaHin Eeq suus heres (sire xo,auero WOXBAACTHOLO, HaSHAVeHO!O HACE TAS), nOTyYaet Cmoxatin ansatr (adgna- tus proximus)’?, Ip 'BOs4T K SBOLY, ITO MaTpoH aBagerca adgna- tus proximus 3 omoweumt Kasenta. Ha npano arvatcTea Kak ocHO- BAH LIT HAC KCHOBAHHA MATPOHa TOCTe BOVbHOOTHYIMCHWHKA NPAMO ysasipaer Tafi (3, 51; ep. 3, 40; 1, 165). Mpw saspueiiuem wacaegzo- BaHHN MMylecTsa waOepTa HHCAQIHHMWH NarpoHa HacreLcTBEHEaTd wacca fecuTca norosos4o (Tit ex Ulp., 27, 2-4), kax 3 cTeneHn KoaceHueckoro HopsfKa Tpeemctsal?, a ocraynHoe Hacel- CBO pachpexelserca Mex ay wuwA ToKONeHHO (in slirpes}, cormacHo osweuy upapaav's, Peskuv TorotoBHorO pacnpeleweHia HacnemcTReHHO macchl WexK- AY vecKonbeiWH HacieI4HKaMH, CROMCTREHHEI KmaccHeCKOMY mpe- evcTBY 8 pa2page agnali, opueaTHpoBaN Ha CaMocTOATeILHOe NOJO- FHENHE H2CICIINKOS BTOPOH OYeperH, SOKOBLIX poAcTBeHEMKOR MOKOR- Noro KOTOPbIe ARAATch personae sui iutis WezaBMcHMO OT cMepTH Ractegonate:s Eras apecvctso MoaBaCTHHX OCHOBaHO Ha TpebE- Banu B potestas, Ha NPMHAIMeMHOCTH K CewelHoMy colosy, TO ama- Th B KaccnuecKoy pane HacdexyioT Kak NmeIBHCH MEE IBA, Kak ruxuenin D. 48, 22, 3+ Alfenus 1.1 epitomarum: Eum qui civilatem amitteret, ni- hil aliud iuris adimere _liberis. nisi qued ab ipso perventerum esset ad eos, si intestatus in civitate moreretur: hoc est here- ditatem cius et libertos et si quid aliud in boc genere reppe- —— Tor, KTO YrpanaT Tpax1aHcTEO, We OTHHMAET V aerett HHKa@KOLO pana, KDOMe TONO, YTO MEPeLIO 6br K HM OT weno, eon OH on vvep B NpaxuancKoH oOulmie 6e3 3apeulauna’ tT e ero HacTed- CTO, W ANGepTH, H YEpyroe, 4To “ Kounaere oSazannocielt niGepta Rocnpowspoaxr oGesannoct Kanenra Cw Tombard: L Dalla efidess alla ebona fidese Milano 1981 P 74-75, Premer- Stern Avon Chentes//RE Stuttgart, 1900 Bd 4 Col 30 “Cw footes T B. Pumcnoe apaamvecnce nacaercraeunoe mpano C 157 Heneg Tt ex Ulp. 26, 5. Paul, Sent, 4, 8, 21 J 3,28 * Gar, 3,2, 7, Pant, Sent, 4, 8, 8==Coll, 16,3, 8 Tit ex Ulp, 26, 2 TMoxpo6- Ree cm Jloncdea HB Pumckoe apxawueckoe ueereteraenvoe npaso C168 % caca 43 riri potest. quae vero non a pat- re, sed a genere, a civitate, a re- rum natura tribuerentur, ea ma- nere eis incolumnia. itaque ct fratres fratribus fore legitimos heredes et adgnatorum tutelas et hereditates habituros: non enim haec patrem, sed maiores eius eis dedisse. MONO OTENCKATS B 3TOM pore. To 2Ke, YTO He OT JOMOBaALIKH, HO OT pola, OF rpaktaneKoli oC~ LUMHB, OT Npuporb wemlel 0- cTaetes, ocraenmca y HHX Ges wapatun. Atax, n ecan Gpatha Gpatpam 6yayT wacweqiMKaMn NO 3aKOHY, OHH MonyuaT # omeky Hal aniaTaMm, H Hactel- CTBa anHaTOB: Reb 3TO HM Za. He GOMOBAdabKa, HO ero tpet- KH, Anhen Bap (1 8. 20 #. 9.), opmer crapoi mKoaN, yuermn Cep- Bua CYABNMUHA, MPOTHBOMOCTaBAReT WacMeCTBeEHHOe MpeeMcTEO, OCHOBaHHoe Ha OTHOBCTBe, MpeeMCTBY, OCHOBaHHOMY Ha arnaTH4ec- KOM pogenee (oTcOg4a yHOMMHamue GpaTbes). Orxouenna matpoua- Ta Npwaaliexkat K nepBof Tpynne: agqech JOMOBAambIKA BLICTYTAeT Kak OTAeJbHOe THO (Singulus), BHE NAaTpHapxaAbHX cBaAsefl. IToT BAAR COMmacyencd < KOMMEeHTapHeM, KoTOpLIM Yapnuan (D. 50, 16, 195, 1: Ulp., 56, ad ed.) (V, 8): Familiae appellalio quatiter ac- cipiatur, videamus. et quidem varie accepta est: nam et in res et in personas deducitur. in res, ut puta in lege duodecim tabu- larum his verbis «adgnatus pro- ximus familiam habeto». ad personas autem refertur fami- liae significatio ita, cum de pat- roma et liberto loquitur lex: «ex ea familia», inquit, «in eam fa- miliam»: et hic de singularibus personis legem loqui constat. Cozepxatve Broporo saKoHa He Nogjaetea MOAHO NpeWoaarate, yo ycrouMMBaA MHTEpNpeTaUns, conposommaet unrary 43 XI taba Paceviorpam, Kak montimaerca Hanmenopanue . EAHuHCTBO onpegemuTenbuoro =MecrouMenna (

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