Fuasa I IOPHMYECKAA 3HAUMMOCTB EP3KAHHA Hactonulee uccteqoRanne TpeiosaraeT MOUCK KPHTepHsA, B CO- OTBETCTBUH C KOTOPHM CHTYaliMA akTH4eCKOl MHAHBHAYaJIbHOM npH- HATICKHOCTH BE NORYLaeT COUMAAbHOe H FOpHAMeCKOe MpHaHa- Hue, OGjadaer TH BNAReHHe KAKHM-MHOO CYMLHOCTHBIM OTAWHEM OT Aepoka dH WH HX pass nane CBOIHTCA sK CaMOMY NpPi3HanHio, KOTAa KaK BAATeHMe KJACCHIpHApyloTca ToAbKO Te cHTyalin, odurectReH- Had 3HAa4HMOCTD KOTOPEIX BHIPAsHMACh B MHTEPAMKTHON saute? Cam ®akr yraepxX mena 8 COBpeMeHHOM TpaxkAaHCKOM Ilpaze IpHHMa GesyCnoBHok BaUlHTbl BIAICHMA, T.e. IMPH3HAaHHA BAaqeHH- eM BCAKOTO Yep KannA, TOROPUT O TOM, YO pasAM4uHe MexKAyY HHMH, eclH OHO KOrAa-anGo H cyLecTBOBanO, He AaHO camo mpHpogO; oT- Homenki npHHagnexnocrH. Manuel avann3 moKaxKeT, Yo Hu ‘OH H3 MpeLAOMEHHEIX Ha CePoyHA KPHTePHeR BAAReHHA He OCHO- BaH Ha KavecTse, OTCYTCTByIOWWeM y AepKaHUA Kak TAaKOBOrO (Hesa- BUCHMO OF eTO OPHAHYECKOTO NPH3Halia); HH HaMepeHHe OOJaqaTD Bebo (animus possidendi), tH 3naunMmocth oTHOIledHA mpHHad- TeKHOCTH guia TpaxkAatcKoro Mupa m oGMlecTReHHOrTO MopsaKa, AH OcoOble MpaBoBble KOHCTPYKUHA CHENOK, Ha OCHOBE KOTOPEIX Belllb ‘OKaSbIBACTCA B OOAMaHHN y HecoGcTBeHHUKa, He MOryT CYXHT On- PedenenHem BNaeHHA, OTAMYAIOWIUM ero OT ApyMHx cuTyauHi epaK- THYCCKO! MpHHAAIeKNOCTH Ben ANAMBMIy (coOcTBeHHEKy HaM He- coScTReHHHKY). CyulectReHHble OTIMUMA BIALeHHH OT MepKaHHA ABAMOTCA cred- CTBHEM CaMOPO MIpHsHaHHA BNaIeHHA BAH OCOGON KavecTRa HeKOTO- PHX ero elon (HanpHMep, wpHoGpeTaTenbHan JaBHocTb). Hanuuve TAaKOTO TONOAHHTeCDHOPO 3HaHHA MIPeHATCTSyeT alexBaTuolt TpakTOB- Ke BAANEHHA B UNCTOTE ero COGCTBEHHEIX KauvecTB, MOCKOJbKy 3TH XapaxTepHctNKH NepeHocaTca ‘Ha onpedemenve HHCTHTYTa. TaK, Baa- WenbueckHe CHTYaUHH, KOTOPLI€ He MepeXOTAT co BpeMeHem B domi- nium ex jure Quiritium, mpauato cyuTaTe AeBMAHTHDIMH TO OTHOME- (HHO K PHMCKHM MPHHWMAM, Kak GyATO CMEC HHCTHTYTA BAALeHMA 3anmouaerca HVeHHO B TaKOH TpaHcthopmanun (npuobperatenbHoh ‘apHoctH). Stor NoOAXOA rposnT yrpaToH camoro NOHATHA BIATeHHA, NOckOMbKY PealbHOe MPIBO CBOAHTCA K BOSMOMHOCTH eTO 3aMeWeHHa Apvrnve pexkuvow mpwHagviexsocta. TIpuoGpetateabxaa @apnocth Kak cncunduyeckoe caeacTane THTYIBNOre AOCGpocnBecrHoro Baaze- RHA (HECTAHAAPTHOCTh KOTOPOPO OTPaxKeHa B TePMHHOROTAH: «. BosmoxHo Takoe cormailenve ¢ CoOCTREHHHKOM, KOTZa BAREKHE MepeXCANT Ha BpeMA Mo Bore oGenx cropou. IIpu arom Baalerey BHaeT, YTO Buaseer Uy KO BeLIbIo, HO 3TO siaime He OT- pullaer ero Namepenns BaaqeTh Ha ces. Tipeactastenue o curyamuax possessio ad interdicta xKaK aHo- M@JbHBIX WORBEPTaOCh KPHTHKE 10 PaSHHM OCHOBAHHAM, KOTOpBIE CBOLMHCh K JeMONICTPAMN HATHYHA Y BaZeTDAa B PAE cayuaeR animus, npegcTanAseMoro KaK OTCYTCTBHe HaMepeiria BaaqeTh IIe Apyroro anual. Cxaxkem, ecru 3anoronuit KpequTop amameer wa ce- 64, B 9TOM MOKHO YomaTpHBaTb animus possidendi®?. OguaKo axa MOSHIMMA HE TOJbKO He OOACHRET, MOVEMY B APYFAX CHTYAlNAX, KOT- 2a animus rem sibi habendi wecomnenuo apucyrersyet, JepKaHne He MpHsHaRasoch BIaeHHeM, HO H BeTeT K OTPHUANHIO y HaIeH ani- MUS HeoGXoAuMoro MoTennHata A ComepKATeNBHOTO ONpelereHHT cHTyaunH NpMHaIeKHOcT. Camo NOHATHE wepxRaHHA HEMBEICTUMO 6ea Npn3snatiaa Ha CropoHe LepxKaTeJa ONpenedeHHoro OTHOWEHRA K * Albanese B. Le situazioni passessorie net diritto privato romano. Palerm 1985. P. 82 sqq. m p romano. Seem * Tax Manea (D. 13, 7, 37) roeopHr 06 animus 3aacrosoro Kpexntopa. 12axry o6aLawuA BELO. C stot TOUKH 3peHHa B paHUMne y BCR- KOTO LlepKATeIA MOMKHO HaaTh animus, “TO |He FOBBOUIAeT CHHTaTh ero KpHTepHeM Gzaenna. Pasanune MexKIY BIaMeHHeM Ha CROe H Ha uysKoe UMA YTPauHBaerca. § 1. Animis possidendi Yaeuue 06 animus KaK a7eMeHTe BAAReHHA MOTyIHAG saKoEEH- Hoe BHpakerve Anup ® tpyzax lOarsa Tlapna (snoxa Cenepop), 4 ero PpachpocTpanente HA BCIO PHMCKYIO IOPAAIMECkyIO Hayky W MNpaK- qTHKy HelpapomepHo. Kparxui avanw3 npoGzemMbl noKaxKeT, ¥To ani- ynus possidendi mixorga He MONHMMancA PHMCKHMM lopucTaMH Kak KDUTepHi BIAZeHAS, OMpenermoMUK ocosH Nparowoll pexuM sToro BHla UpwAaqeKHOCTH. Jaa Toro wwo6s cwiTraTe animus KPHTepHeM BAaeHHA, ceayeT yOaNUTbCA B TOM, 4TO 'B CHTYAHAX BUAgeHA Ha YyKoe HMA (pas- sessio aliemo nomine), Kora Beh AepKUT OHO HNO, a BAagzeer e10 apyroe, Takoii JepkaTerb HMeeT HAMepenne BilageTh Ha Apyroe ayo. Kasanoch Obl, TaKYIO BO3IMORHOCTD WaeT OHH HS TEKCTOB IOans Tlanana (D. 41, 2, 3, 12: Paul., 54 ad, ed.) 0 Tom, ato MoxKHO BAALeTh vepes pasos BelaMU, MpHOOpeTeHHbIMH HMK Ha cpeacTRa paGckoro mekywaa, Wake He wegaa 06 stom (). Oxnaxo apyrof texct Tlapaa (D. 41, 2, 1, 5: Paul, 54 ad ed.) orpuuaer ponepof xapaktep Taxoro animus: Item adquirimus possessionem Mot mpuo6petaem TakKe Bra- per servum aut filium, qui in Aenue Yepe3s paGa mH CbiHa, Potestale est, et quidem earum upeGuipaomeno B Hawell BaC- fF aed. TH, ® 1PHTOM -—~ TeMH Belijami, rerum quas peculiariter tenent, KOTOPMEe ON TepxaT m3 qeKy- etiam ignorantes, sicut Sabino WA —— axe He Bela 06 sToM, et Cassio et ILuliano placuit, Kak mosaramn Caéun, # Kac- quia nostra voluntate intelle- cuit, « TOnnat, nockonpxy ca- gantur possidere, qui eis pecu- Ta€TCH, ATO ONH BulaqewrT MO feat Hawelt Boze, 1 2 - lium habere permiserimus... HA tne reese epo tel mospo 3xech, Kak BHoHM, laser yxasbinaer ‘apropos 39TOTO MHeHHA, lopictor ca6namancKoH mon. Bragenue Beulblo, UpHodpererHolt Pa6om ma cpeqcTaa Tekylma, cunTaeTca mpuoOperexHsiM no Bone XOSAMHA, NOCKOADKY CaM TeRywH OB BELenen paSy No ero, xo3an- Ha, pewexuio, Hameperte, HabxBaeHHoe OMHAKTH, OSecnedMBaer BO- ‘esol MOMEHT BO BAALAKHH XOSAHHA, OCyWeCTBAHeMoM Yepes pada, Axe eclH XO3MHH He 3HACT 0 HOBoOM npHoGpetein. Animus, ynoma- 13nytei e D. 41, 2, 3, 12, oxasnpaencn copasmepylim ¢ corpus — tbakTayeckos npHvagzsexnocth Belly’. B npeactapiexuu puMcwmx kKaacciueckHx IOpucToR McHXosOrHyeC- Kull MOMGHT KOMIEHCHPYeT HCLOCTATOK TeMeCHOTO KONTAKTA c BellIbIO UW OTHOCHTCA K akTHYeCKOMY Many ODHOWeHHA, KAK HW caMo Baaqe- hue: «res facti, non iuriss (no cnonam Otbuana un Hepsui-cpina: Dz 41, 2, 1, 3)4. Animus wax monstne npemetapnen 3» caTyannax apuo6perenua Baagenna (animo possessionem apisci: D. 41, 2, 51: Labeo) # coxpancHua BaageHua MpH OTCyTCTBHA wepxKaHMA (anime retinere possessionem). Tlocaeqmia cuTyalaa ycmMaTpwBaeTca BO BraleuBN cesOHHbIM NacTOuMeM, cama Npupowa KoTOporo obyc0B- aupaer NepHosuyeckoe oTcyncTane sragenpyua (D. 41, 2, 3, 11: Paul, 54 ed): . Salttus hibernos aestivos animo Mbt yqepxkHBaeM Baagenne 3aM- possidemus, quamvis certis SUMG H SI@THHMA mact6unamit temporibus eos relinquamus. cosHansem (Toro Bowell), xoTA HW MOKNAaeM MX Ha OfpemedeH- Hoe BpeMa B qdureapeol BpeMewHoll MepcnexTuRe, cooTBeTCTBYIWOMLeH peExHMy XOSAHCTBEHHOTO HOROThIOBAHNA CA3OHHOTO NacrOnMLa, KONTAKT ¢ Be- HUbIO 3NeCh HUKOPa He HpepEIBaeTcA: MepHOaHYeCKoe OTCYTCTBHE [B.a- Wleabua He UIpenaTcTByet TOMY, YTOOLI CURTATD ero NepMaHeHTHO MpH- cyretsyomum. Anime retinere possesstonem Kak KBaNMpARaNUR TAKO- TO B1ATeHHA HBORITOUNA A MpeAcTaeT MPOAYKTOM lOpHaHIECKOTO Teo- PeTHaMpORaHMA, KOTOPOe HCXOAT H3 KOHUENIMA, ye sHAaKOMO! Cc HCHXONOFHYCCKHM MOMEHTOM BO BlaLeHHH. O nosHUHH BOSMOXxHOTO aBTOpa aTOH KONCTpYWHn — Tipoxyaa (18.) — wopmupyer taxol texcr (D. 41, 2, 27° Proc, 2 epist ): Si is, qui animo possessionem Ecru ToT, KTO yepasuBaeT Baa- sallus retineret, furere coepis- Aenne nacrOuula Todo Boneit (cogHaHHeM), Comled ¢ yMa, On set, non potest, dum fureret, + Itus possessionem amit- ue MOAET, ToKa GesyveH, yrpa- elus saltus Pp Tut Bilagtedue 3THM nacTou- tere, quia furiosus non potest Tle, nockomKy GesyMBE He desinere animo possidere. MOKeT YTPaTHTb BIAZCHHe, u3- MCHHB BOO, 4K A Kannaza, xoropeii prec sHagHTenbAE BEA B MOHBMaxHe STOrO BONpO- ca, cHHTas TAXyi0 KOHCTPYKUMIO Grumus cBOiicTBeHHON iopucTaM MpOKYsRaHcKoH TKO- asl, Tora KaK CaOHHMAHUb, NO ero MHeHHIO, AXUCHTHPOBATH BONEBOH MOMeRT BO BNAReHHH, YIKE He CRONE OTHOMeNHe K ipaKTy (em Cannata C A L'animo possidere nel diritta romano classico//SDHI 1960 N 26 P 83 w 99 sqq) B aaabuexinen MEI YBHAHM, UTO pasAWYNA MexAY WKONAMH B STOM BONpOCe HET * CkasalHoe He O3Ha4aeT, ITO B Mpe (D 41,9, 44 pr Pap, 23 quaest, 41, 2, 36 Iul, 13 dig, 43, 17,2 Paul, 65 ad ed, 39, 2, 15, 35 Ulp, 53 ad ed, 7, 6, 5 pr: Ulp, 17 ad ot) Bo palanenun pasan- waesea Taal axTHyecKoro H topHawseckoro (D 43,2, 49, 1: Pap, 2 def: « posses- sto non fantum corporis, sed et ruris ests — paafenne cocronT ie TOMBKO B (baxTe, HO 4 B Bpase} 14flo cnpaneasusowy sameuanuo Kanuathi, HOHMMaHHe animus KaK jcnxOsorHyecKoro SeMeHTa BAeCHHA HEMHHYEMO BEET K MIPH3HaHHioO Toro, 4TO C HaCTyNTenHeM SesyMHa Bladenue yrpaynBaerca®, Animus BaaqeAbla Ce30HHBIM NacTOHILeM COCTOHT B TOM, 4TO OH He OTKaSHIBa- ered OT BIALCHHA, NOKUaA YUACTOK 3OMIH B COOTRETCTSHH ¢ MOpsI- KOM 3eMAeloabzoBanna (D 41, 2, 46: Pap., 23 quaest ): ..quamvis saltus proposito pos- .XOTA Obl Ipyrofi BToprea Ha sidendi fuerit alius ingressus, Tacn6umle ¢ HaMepeRHeM OBJa- i riorem po: dic- Heth, CHQLyeT CKasaTb, YPO era tamdiu P ssidere pe zwecTBeHHHK ApogosmKaer tum est, quamdiu Possessionem BlakeTb, WOoKa we 3HaeT, T10 ab alio occupatam ignoraret. Baanenve 3axXBayeHO ApyruM. Tor ¢axt, uT0 Geaymubii (furiosus) He MoxeT yrpaTuTh Baazenie animo®, He CBAS@H ¢ ero HECNOCOGHOCThIO COBEPINMTE AKT OTYKACHHA, a OMpeAe.IxeTCH HCBOSMOXKHOCTHIO YSHATh O BTOPACHM TPeTBETO JH- ua, Hapyilaioulem ero BulazeHHe Tlo pHMckomy Mpapy, lopHAuueckoe MonoKeHMe GesymMHoro coxpa- HACTCH BIVOTh NO BISAOPOBCHHA BO BCEX OTHOWCHHAX: OH OCTaeTCH AOMOBTAIHKOH, COOCTBEHHMKOM, MyXKeM (HAM JKeHHXOM) u, KaK BH- HM, BlanenbueM’. Takaa CHTYallMa OTBedaeT HECNOCO6HOCTH JHA K BOMAUSDABNEHHIO, H STOT Aehekt KOMMeHCHpyeTca moTIesHTenem (cu- tator furiosi) HecnocoGocTh 6e3yMHOro yTpaTHTb BaAatewHe anime OTBOAKT NCHXONOFHYeCKOMY MOMELITY BO BlaeHHH poAb GOTbUIyIO, He- 2keIH Mpocroe OcosHanne (bakTa AepxkaHUs, KOTOPOe OTIMUAeT AepKa- HWE OT IPHKOCHOBEHHS. O.rHako, IPH 31afeHuH Ce30HHHM nacT6ulem, korga ecth He Gomee ¥eM H3OEITOUHOe BHpaxkenHe JAN YKasaHHA Ha HelpepbIBHOCTS MaTepHasbHOTO MOMeHTA BO BlazenuH (Ha HppeBareHTHOCTS OTAy4Ku), Ke YrpaseHo corpore, TO, cornacHo yyenmo Onna [lasna, yrpata Baiagenua animo jomyckaenca wu npH Haanunn corpus. D, 4], 2, 3, 6 Paul., 54 ad ed. 16In amittenda possessione affec- tio eius qui possidet intuenda est: itaque si in fundo sis et ta- men nolis eum possidere, proti nus amittes possessionem. igi- tur amitti et animo solo potes:, quamvis adquiri non potest. B oTvowesun ynpaTbt Bnazenus caeayer OOpatits BilHManue 1a BONO TOTO, KTO BAAeeT: TAK, eC- 41H THI MpHCYTCTBYeIIb HA MOTE H TeM He MeHee He Keaellb HM edalets, cpasy Ke yTpaqueaenuD Baazenne, CaeqoBaTembHO, yT- PaTaHTb BlakeHie MOMHO H ON- Holi BoneH, xoTa mpuodpecta : IHeAb3A. Ylocaeauas :pasa npoTHBopeIHT NPHHWANY KOHTpyaHTHOcTA Mop: Mbl IpeKpalleHHa oTHOIeHUA (popMe efo ycTaHoBAeHHA, ccopMy.u- poBaHHOMY MpHMeHATeIbHO K BAaReHHO CaMMM IlaBnoM WM OBAKEL BOOMPOHSBeLeHHOMY KOMMHaTOpama B lurecrax (D. 41, 2, 8 = 50, 17, 158: Paul., 65 ad ed.): Quemadmodum nulla possessio adquiri nisi animo et corpore potest, ita nulla amittitur, nisi in qua utrumque in contrarium Kak ‘feab3a ipHoOpectn Balaze- HWe HHaYC Kak H Bodel, H Te- aoM, aK @ yrparuTD (ero) MOAKHO TONKO, ecH ofa (ac- neta) mo BAAZeHNA TpHRere- actum est. HME OK cRoell ~=MpoTHBono0x- ‘HOCTH Om#ako HMeHHO 9TO MpOTHBOpeuHe YKasMBaeT Ha HeH3BECTHOCTD Tlapay KONWeNUMR, KOTOpaA BUAKT B animus camocroaTenbubI 9e- MCHT BaqeHus. Ecau AakKe MpHMcaTe SAKMIOUNTe LUBA BHBOT B D. 41, 2, 3, 6 BMemateabcTay KoMnHARTOpa (aTO abuWHMpAHATO), MNpoTuBopeuwe TEM He MeHee ocTaeTcH. Baatoe pn adcTpaKTHOM 3Ha- “HAY, yrBepawenne Tlapsa Gecombicnenmo. JIorwKa BoccTanaBstH- Baercd, CCH JONYCTHTL NPHCYTCTBHE Hla TOM Me YUACTKE 3CMJIH Ope- TeHmenta Ha Baagenne (cp. D. 41, 2, 18, 3: Cels., 23 dig. Cm. c. 21). Tlasea we yreepxaaet HeNero HOBOTO Mo cpaBHeEHHio c o6mempatia- ToH punoTeso# yTpaTb Biagenua solo animo, Kora TexecHHit KOH- TAaKT C BelibiO OTcyTeTByeT. OH AMID pacmpoctpanseT ApHHuNN Ha cHTYauMlo, Koga STOT KOHTaKT He yTpayeH, Taxoe MONHMaHe mon- TREPMAAeT CeAVIONIHH Naparpad Aamnoro parmeuta (D. 41, 2, 3, 7): «Sed et si animo solo possideas, licet alius in fundo sit, adhuc tamen possideas> (Ho M eCaH TH Baazeenm pomoh Bone, xoTa ‘GBT Wa yyactke HaXOAHJICA KTO-TO Apyroit, TH TeM He MeHee MpofomKa- eulh BrageTs). Bepxyswxiica mocte spemMeHHoro OTCyTCTBHA BAale- ACL, Y3HAB, YTO efo MoNe 3axBayeHO LPyYrHM, YTpaTHT BaqeHue, ecan He Oyler samunateca. Ou Moet YrpaTuTbh ero H JO BOsBpa- Weta, ecu KakHM-1N60 O6pa30M BbIpasAT Mepemeny B HaMepeHHH Baanerb. Yrpata animus B oTcyTcraHe cOMpus ANeveT yrpary aNaze- UMA noTomy, ¥TO animus onmocHTcA K tbakTY MepxaHHA, KAK H cor- pus Tonycxaemaa Ilasaom yrpata Bragennna Kak CHeLCTBHE H3MeHE- Haw animus, HecMOTpa Ha MIpACyTcTBHe BnaAenbua HA yuacTKe, — Pe3yaHTaT TpHsHAHAA Toro haKk?a, ITO B MATepHacbHOM OTHOIIeHHY 17BIALEHHE TapatHs0BaHO akTOM MpHcyTcTBuA ApyToro auma ¢ Hawe- penvem Baagets. Taser oTHOgb We cBOAUT BAAJeHe K JepsKaHio, conponomAaemomy animus possidendi. Hanporup, 8B eTo YueHHH aNiMUS OKaSbIBAeTCA B SABHCHMOCTH OT MaTepHanbMOl cHTYANHH, He HOKHLAd Wan paxrwyeckoro. Huxakoit nepewenbl KOHNENLMH He AeMOHCTpMpyWwrT HW TeKcTBT Tas- Ja, OTHOCAINHeCA K NPHOSpeTeHMIO BIATEHHA. Paul, Sent., 5, 2, 1: Possessionem adquirimus et animo et corpore’ animo utique nostro, corpore vel nostro vel alieno, sed nudo animo adipisci quidem possessionem non pos- sumus, retinere tamen nudo anima possumus, sicut in salti- bus hibernis aestivisque contin- at B. 41, 2,3, 1: Paul, 54 ad ed. Et apiscimur possessionem cor- pore et animo, neque per se ani- mo aut per se corpore. quod autem dixtimus et corpore et animo adquirere nos debere possessionem, mon utique ita accipiendum est, ut qui fundum possidere velit, omnes glebas circumambulet’ sed sufficit qu- amlibet partem eius fundi in- troire, dum mente et cogilatione hac sit, uti totum fundum usque ad terminum velit possidere. Moi upwotiperaet eaagenne u Bowel, H TeNOM Boseli Henpe- MeHHO Halle, TeIOM — HAH HaIHM, HH Apyroro vnila. Ho roo BONeH MbI He MOZKeM MpHu- oGpectu BlafteHHe, yaepxKaTh oe (ero) Tomo Bose voxwKeM, K@K 3TO MPOHCXQAKT B OTHOL!Es AHH SHMHUX H JeTHHX MacTOHUL. Hi snpuosperaem bl Baazenne TeloM vw Boel, a He caMol nO ceGe TONbKO BOAeH BAH TOUbKO vtetom. Kornga xe MBI roBopHM, UTO (MBI mpHo6petaew Bla enue W THOM, H Bovteli, STO He cae- Ayer MOHHMAaTb TaK, 4TO TOT, KTO XOWeT OBJAAETS MO1eEM, 06- XOQHT Kak AylO MAb 3eMIH, AO AceraTomHo BofTH xoTA On Ha YacTh 9TOTO TOA, ecm Mpa ‘OTOM MBICIb H HaMepeHHe Ta- KOBHI, uTO6HI OBA TETh BCE T1O- Fev WeTUKOW. Suech animus nocTaBjed B 34BHCHMOCTp OT MaTepHadbHOl cBA3H © Bebo, KOTOpad OMpexenmeT KOHCTPYKINMO BNaIeHHA KaK pexHVa TpHRaAeAHOCTH Animus UpWAael KOHTAKTY C BeLibiO 3HAaIeHHe, KO- Topoe BUXOAUT 3a paMKH Gu3sHYecKONO oTHOWeHHA, On cobupaeT oT- FeAbMble KIOUKM 3eMIH B eAMHEI OGbeKT — noOae, packpocrpanag BORO OKKYNAHTA 3a Mpedews ero Tesecnoro OLTAA nH ONpenerNa Macmita6 ero mpucytcmpua Jlepxaitue (corpus) roKe He ABAReTCA Q€MOHTOM BaAaxenua. TloGanup animus, weab3a UpespaTits ogHO OTHOUeHNe B ApyToe: MpHoSperaeTcs BHOANe oNpeserteHad cBasD Cc BellbIO, YCT@HOBUTb KOTOPYIO H@BO3MOKHO B OTCYTCTBHe TeecHOrO KOHTaKTa H 'HAMepeHEA BlazeTb. ITO WOHHMaHMe RCTpeyaercA Yue Y ocHoBaTenelt npoxyiuancKol uKoast (D. 41, 2, 3, 3: Paul. 54 aded.): 18Neratius el Proculus {etl solo animo non posse nos adquirere possessionem, si non antecedat natturalis posses- sio ideoque si thensaurum in {undo meo positum sciam, con- linuo me possidere, simul atque possidendi affectum habuero, quia quod desti naturali posses- siom, id animus implet... qui- dam putant Sabini sententiam yeriorem esse nec alias eum qui Hepaumi a MWpoxya cunraior, ITO MBI He MOKEeM MpHoOpect BaajeHwe OHO somel, ect eh He MpeaectsyeT slepwKaxne. Tak, ecm sf y3H4i0, 4TO Ha Mo- ev mone 3apntT Kaag, TO cpa- ay xKe CTaHOB/OcE CO BaLeb- WeM, KaK TOAbKO Y SMeHA Boas HHKHeT 2KeaHHe HM OBT4TeTh, Tak Kak TO, "TO HeqocTaeT JepxkaHmio, BOCHOAHAeT HaMepe- nue... Hexoropple cywTaau, uo MueHve Ca6wua BepHee 4 410 TOT, KTQ 3HACT, HANHHAeT B.1a- eth TOABKO B TOM Cay4ae, ec- Jn WeaneyeT Kall 43 3eM/1H, Tak KaK OH He HaXOAHTCA Mod HalHM KOeTPOmeM; A cermaccn c TocteqHHME. B arom texcte Taper coo6mraet rake o MHewun pecnyOanKan- okKux wpuctos Bpyra w Makuana, coraacHo KOTOpOMy MozKHO NpH- o6pecrn ‘KABD NO RABHOCTH, AWAKE HE BeLlaA O ero CYMlecTBOBAaHHIi, BMecTe ¢ camum noviem, Maenne [pokysa 1 Hepagua (kK KoTopnm™, RBOSMOKHO, CAeTyeT "OOaBHTb Apyroro fopucta, Kak MoKaspEaeT «et>®) Hapaay c MHeHHem Ca6uua MpOTHBOCTONT HpexHeMYy B3raaay, Tpebya aHaHHA O HaNH4MH Kilaga B Moae. KonTposepsa Mex Xy mpo- KYJHaHWaAMH H NOceqOBAaTeAAMH CaGuna xkacaerea He MOHHMaHHa animus, @ BosMOw#éoctTA mpHobpecTH BaAagente sole animo: Ca6un HAacTaHpad Ha HeOOXOAHMOCTH CNemHaIbHOTO B3ATH BeWH 00. KOHT- POdb, CUHTAA HeAOCTATOYHOH OCREMOMACHHOCTh © ee NOCATaeMocTH. B w3zoxcunu Tlapza no3uuns mpokyuaimes mpeqctaet mpoTHBope- “MBO ‘OHH TOBOPAT oO HeoGxognmocTH naturalis possessio, a 3aTew AONYCKAIOT NCHXOACMHTECKYO KOMNEHCATINO gedeKkTa B MAaTepHab- HOM acnekre oTHOMenisa Tlostomy HeKorophle ucceqoBatem BbIbpa- CHBaIH son» H3 MepBoi ppasel®, BoccrananaHBaA TeM ‘CaMbIM H On- Nose K MHeHHIO Ca6una, OnnaKo oOulee yrsepmJeHHe 0 BO3MOM- HOCTH mpHoGpeTath BTaZeHHe TOALKO aniino WpoTHBOpeIHT HsBecT- HEM TPHHIEHNaM PHMCKONO parma, «None Bb CONCTAHHH C YCHJHTEJIb- ubIM «solo» («solo animo non posse») H MpamMariecKu, H HO CMEIC- AY cenreumuu coorsercmayer QavbHeltmemy npoTapomoctapaeunio, BBOJHMOMY COlO30M «si Tons. Tlpormpopesue c pasoi , Sto coctoaaue yn co- orBereTsyet TroMy «mens et cogitatiox, ro mosBouser oBlagzetp BCeM Nowe, He OGxXORA KAKTVIO nanp semaa (D. 41, 2, 3, 1, — animus possidendi. Coauaaprocth Masia c MueHntem CaGuna («quibus consentio») BHICAIZHT HejopasyMeswew. Bro.Hve B0gMOXKHO, YO 9TH COBa BCTAB- ACHE KOMBRIATOPaMH, OGopBaBluMH Gowee pocrpaHtoe paccyxte- nue lopnera!!, Unrepnperupya mptcab Wpoxyna 1 Hepanun p nousta- ax coOctseHHoll KoHNenunH, Ilaget TeM He Melee He MPHHHMaeT Hx KOHCTPYKUMO ObNAReHHA KAaROM, Kuad upeactaBaset coGo orzety- MBL OF MONA OGBEKT 4 He MOXeT ObITh ROMBEPKEH TOMY 2Xe PEXKH- MY, 4TO 4 WacTh Noa (pars fundi). Tlosromy ocHonatean o6enx IKOA ‘H TPeOOBATH AAN Haiana BAaLennA KNAMOM aAanME O ero CyIect- sosauiu. Korga Kiad MMICICHHO OTe OT MOA, OCO3IIaH KaK OT- Teovas Bellb, HAXOANLAICA BHYTP Apyroii, BAZAcHNe KOTOpOK yxe HavatTO, HeOGXOLHMO YCTAHOBHTh C HHM WeMOCPQICTBCHHYIO CBA3b, KBaTUG UL YOLLY 10 Blanewwe Kak pekuM IpHHaMNeKHOCTH. Pasanque MHeHHE CBOLHTCH K BOMPOCY, LOCTATOUKA AH CHOOKNBIAACT CUTVAUMA Aaa mpa3vavus naturalis possessio snomHe ycTaHoBJleHHoH. Cadan otpesaet orpatatennno («quia nonsit sub custodia nostras!?) a coor BETCTBCHKO Tpe6yer, YTOObI HaMepenne BlaAeTh GLIIO BOMIOWLHO B AeH- cTBHe, yTBepaALaloulee (puanuecknit KoHTaKT c Kaaqom. Tipu taxol HH repnpetaunn pasa Kax stemeur mpnoGpetenua pBaarenua solo anime BOIMOWEH Jib B OOBAKTHRNOM CUTYANAA AepKaHHA (oco- BHaIMOno) IM OTHOCATCH K STOMY KPYTY ROHATHH, OTHIOND He OTIpATe- Aad KaKoe-1n6O MONOAHTeMbHOe KayecTRO BO3HMKAWWero OTHOLLe- ua — gnageuna. D. 41, 2, 18, 3: Cels., 23 dig.: Si, dum in alia parte fundi sum, Ecan, ‘Kona 2 maxomkyeb B Epy- alius quis clam animo possesso- Tot wacti MOA, KTO-To apyroh ris intraverit, non desisse ilico Ta#HO BTOPMHCTCR C HAMCPORHEM id sti di fa alaedpna, creqyet CyHTATb, possidere existimandus sum, fa uTo a He MepecTag RAARETh C cile expulsurus finibus, simul aToM MOMeHTa, (Bemb) on Sy- sciero, AleT JlepKO H3THaH 3a mpeleabi, Kak TOKO A y3aHan. B stow Tekcre caoBo «animus» HMceT TO Ae CaMOE TeXHHYeECKOe SIAICHHe HAMEPEHUA BCTYNHTH B KOHTAKT c BEIbIO HMeHHO 11% Tora, 4TOGLI HayaTb BilaqenHe, 0106KO p texete Tianniwana (D. 41, 2, 46). Tepvna B coverannn «animo possessoris> (op. «animus possidentis»: D. 41, 2, 1, 20; Paul, 54 ad ed.) nveer SHadeHHe KBAAHPRKALHN BOTH B OTHOUENHH K BELLA, 3HayAMom JIA Tperbux su. OsHako Momo KeHHe NpemHero enalemmA HAKAK He SaBHCHT OT BTOPKEHHA: €NO OTHOUICHHE K Bel ONpeleasie7cA HCKIO- MHTEIBYO TPOUnOcTHlO coGcTREHHOTO WaMepeHRA BaateTs. [loka npe WECTBCHHHK He YTpaTHA BaaqenwA, BONA uperesfenTa GeochabHa, He3aBHCHMO OT ee ONpexemenKoctH. Pe@rexcua n0 nOBOLy epKannA WMeeT suaMeHHe LIA TPeTbRX THU JHB m TOM eAyeec, CCH CRASH MANA C MEINEIO NOMyYaeT CONHATBHOE M JOPHARTECKOe TpHaiaMHe, cTa- ‘MOBHTCA Raaqenuem (B TexWHYecKOM cvbicde copa). Keanapukauuz Bol Jepxarens Kak canimus possidendi» npexcrapaxet coGolt BT0- PUIHoe pacnpocrpanenne shpexTa Taxoro npusnannn ua cySbexTaa- HE vomen? oTaoienus mpyiaqiexuocty. Menno TO8TOVY PEMCKIE JOPUCTEI HHKOTAa He ToBOpsT 06 animus nepxKaTered, He MpHaHaHHLx BAagenbuaMn. 21