Page 1 of 7 - Cover Page Submission ID trn:oid:::1:2838052339

2021289 .
Assignment
Quick Submit

Quick Submit

Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering Sciences & Technology, Topi

Document Details

Submission ID

trn:oid:::1:2838052339 5 Pages

Submission Date 1,136 Words

Feb 28, 2024, 2:25 PM GMT+5

7,012 Characters

Download Date

Feb 28, 2024, 2:27 PM GMT+5

File Name

Preventive_Maintenance.docx

File Size

176.0 KB

Page 1 of 7 - Cover Page Submission ID trn:oid:::1:2838052339

 Page 2 of 7 - AI Writing Overview Submission ID trn:oid:::1:2838052339

How much of this submission has been generated by AI?

10% Caution: Percentage may not indicate academic misconduct. Review required.

It is essential to understand the limitations of AI detection before making decisions

about a student's work. We encourage you to learn more about Turnitin's AI detection
capabilities before using the tool.
of qualifying text in this submission has been determined to be
generated by AI.

Frequently Asked Questions

What does the percentage mean?

The percentage shown in the AI writing detection indicator and in the AI writing report is the amount of qualifying text within the
submission that Turnitin's AI writing detection model determines was generated by AI.

Our testing has found that there is a higher incidence of false positives when the percentage is less than 20. In order to reduce the
likelihood of misinterpretation, the AI indicator will display an asterisk for percentages less than 20 to call attention to the fact that
the score is less reliable.

However, the final decision on whether any misconduct has occurred rests with the reviewer/instructor. They should use the
percentage as a means to start a formative conversation with their student and/or use it to examine the submitted assignment in
greater detail according to their school's policies.

How does Turnitin's indicator address false positives?

Our model only processes qualifying text in the form of long-form writing. Long-form writing means individual sentences contained in paragraphs that make up a
longer piece of written work, such as an essay, a dissertation, or an article, etc. Qualifying text that has been determined to be AI-generated will be highlighted blue
on the submission text.

Non-qualifying text, such as bullet points, annotated bibliographies, etc., will not be processed and can create disparity between the submission highlights and the
percentage shown.

What does 'qualifying text' mean?

Sometimes false positives (incorrectly flagging human-written text as AI-generated), can include lists without a lot of structural variation, text that literally repeats
itself, or text that has been paraphrased without developing new ideas. If our indicator shows a higher amount of AI writing in such text, we advise you to take that
into consideration when looking at the percentage indicated.

In a longer document with a mix of authentic writing and AI generated text, it can be difficult to exactly determine where the AI writing begins and original writing
ends, but our model should give you a reliable guide to start conversations with the submitting student.

Disclaimer
Our AI writing assessment is designed to help educators identify text that might be prepared by a generative AI tool. Our AI writing assessment may not always be accurate (it may misidentify
both human and AI-generated text) so it should not be used as the sole basis for adverse actions against a student. It takes further scrutiny and human judgment in conjunction with an
organization's application of its specific academic policies to determine whether any academic misconduct has occurred.

Page 2 of 7 - AI Writing Overview Submission ID trn:oid:::1:2838052339

 Page 3 of 7 - AI Writing Submission Submission ID trn:oid:::1:2838052339

Preventive Maintenance:

Preventive maintenance is a well designed method to ensure the proper operation and service life of
your valves by following the decisions taken in advance to prevent possible problems. This approach
includes regular inspection, lubrication, cleaning, calibration and replacement of wearing parts.

 Inspection and Lubrication:

Inspect valves regularly for signs of wear, corrosion, leaks or other abnormalities. Lubricating moving
parts such as valve bodies, seals and bearings is important to reduce friction and ensure smooth
operation. Proper lubrication also helps prevent premature wear and extend the life of valve
components.

 Cleaning:
Over time, valves can collect dirt, debris or other contaminants, which can prevent the valves from
working and cause operating problems. Therefore, valve equipment, including the bottom, seats and
seals, needs to be cleaned regularly to eliminate any buildup and maintain performance.

 Calibration:
To ensure accurate and effective flow control, valves must be operated within limits. Valves need to
be calibrated regularly to check their performance and make any necessary adjustments to ensure
proper operation. This helps maintain consistency and reliability across various business processes.

 Replace Worn Components:

Because the valve must operate continuously, wear and tear can occur over time on some
components such as gaskets, gaskets, packings and O-rings. Regular replacement of these wearing
parts can help prevent wear and tear and wear and tear. Manufacturer's recommendations and
industry best practices should be followed when selecting and installed.

Page 3 of 7 - AI Writing Submission Submission ID trn:oid:::1:2838052339

 Page 4 of 7 - AI Writing Submission Submission ID trn:oid:::1:2838052339

Predictive Maintenance:

Predictive maintenance involves the use of advanced techniques and techniques to monitor the
condition of valves and predict failures before they occur. By analyzing data and identifying early
warning signs of under performance or failure, organizations can plan monitoring projects more
efficiently and reduce the risk of outages.

 Medical Monitoring:
Various monitoring technologies such as vibration monitoring, thermal imaging, acoustic monitoring
and ultrasonic testing are used to assess health and well-being on valves. This technology helps detect
anomalies, temperature changes, leaks, and other symptoms that may indicate electrical problems in
the valve assembly.

 Performance Trends:
By collecting and analyzing performance data over time, organizations can identify trends and
patterns where problems may occur. Indicators that indicate impending valve failure. This allows the
maintenance team to take preventative measures such as troubleshooting faults, scheduling repairs
or replacing equipment to avoid costs and production losses.

 Fluid Analysis:
Monitoring the composition and nature of the fluid flowing through the valve can provide insight into
the overall health of the system. Changes in the viscosity, acidity, contamination or content of the
fluid may indicate possible corrosion, erosion or fouling problems that could affect the process, valve
function and reliability replacement parts.

Corrective Actions:

Page 4 of 7 - AI Writing Submission Submission ID trn:oid:::1:2838052339

 Page 5 of 7 - AI Writing Submission Submission ID trn:oid:::1:2838052339

Corrective action is quick and fixes the problem found or fails to make them work properly. This may
include correcting, replacing or rectifying the fault, as well as taking steps to prevent similar problems
from occurring in the future.

 Correction:
When the valve malfunctions or does not function as expected, immediate action must be taken to
diagnose the source of the problem and take appropriate corrective action. This will include
disassembling, cleaning, inspecting, replacing damaged parts, reassembling and testing to ensure the
valve is working properly.

 Emergency Response:
If an expected valve failure or critical failure occurs, action must be taken to reduce the pressure drop
and reduce the safety risk. Emergency response systems should be designed to mobilize resources,
deploy qualified personnel, and implement emergency plans to resolve incidents as quickly and safely
as possible.

 Root Cause Analysis:

After solving the valve problem, root cause analysis should be performed to determine the root cause
of the malfunction and prevent its recurrence. This will include reviewing maintenance records,
analyzing performance data, conducting failure modeling and effects analysis (FMEA), and
implementing corrective actions such as construction, modification, or training.

 In-depth understanding of valve reliability:

Valve reliability refers to the ability of a valve to operate effectively under various operating
conditions without malfunction, operation or poor operation. Many factors can affect a valve's
reliability, including material selection, design considerations, installation and maintenance, design
reputation, and the environment.

 Material selection:
The selection of valve material is important to ensure reliability, especially in applications with
corrosive fluids, high pressure or high temperature. Commonly used materials for valve materials
include stainless steel, carbon steel, brass, copper, and various alloys with corrosion-resistant
properties.

 Design Considerations:
Well-designed valves with good materials, good sealing techniques, and non-corrosive properties will
result in higher reliability and better performance. Factors such as valve type, size, flow characteristics,

Page 5 of 7 - AI Writing Submission Submission ID trn:oid:::1:2838052339

 Page 6 of 7 - AI Writing Submission Submission ID trn:oid:::1:2838052339

performance and business models must be carefully considered during design to ensure optimum
performance and serviceability.

 Installation and Maintenance:

Correct installation and regular maintenance are essential for durability and service life. Follow
manufacturer recommendations, industry best practices, and regulatory requirements for installation,
operation, inspection, and maintenance. It voluntarily helps prevent premature wear, damage or
failure of the valve.

 Branded Manufacturers:
Valves from well known manufacturers with a proven track record of producing high quality, reliable
products that are more efficient and capable of lasting longer. It is important to choose valves from a
reliable supplier with a reputation for engineering quality, product reliability and customer support.

 Environmental Factors:
Environmental factors such as temperature, corrosive chemicals, corrosive chemicals, vibration, shock
and contamination can affect reliability and performance. The correct selection of materials, coatings,
seals and performance parameters is necessary to reduce the effects of the environment and ensure
the durability and reliability of the valve in difficult conditions.

Examples in this world:

 Oil Refinery:
Preventive maintenance procedures in an oil refinery include inspecting, cleaning and lubricating
valves to prevent corrosion, leakage and performance degradation. Monitoring technologies such as
vibration monitoring and thermal imaging are used to detect early signs of problems with valves,
preventing timely intervention and ensuring safety.

 Power Plant:
Predictive maintenance in power plants may involve the use of advanced monitoring technologies
such as acoustic monitoring and water testing to monitor the operation of control room valves. By
analyzing data and identifying the conditions of potential valve failure, the maintenance team can

Page 6 of 7 - AI Writing Submission Submission ID trn:oid:::1:2838052339

 Page 7 of 7 - AI Writing Submission Submission ID trn:oid:::1:2838052339

plan repairs or modifications to ensure there are no interruptions in generating electricity and reduce
the risk of product damage or safety issues.

 Water Treatment Facilities:

In water treatment facilities, preventive measures such as regular inspection, cleaning and testing of
valves are essential to ensure the proper functioning of treatment methods and water quality control.
Predictive technologies, such as ultrasonic testing and performance testing, help detect potential
problems with valve components at an early stage, allowing preventive measures to be taken such as
disease, leakage or equipment failure that could affect operational reliability and efficiency.
Organizations can improve valve reliability, reduce downtime, and optimize the performance and life
of critical systems by implementing a quality maintenance strategy that includes prevention,
prediction, and corrective action.

Page 7 of 7 - AI Writing Submission Submission ID trn:oid:::1:2838052339