GRAMMAR AND USE OF ENGLISH

3 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the

1.2 Present and past habits words in brackets. Add extra words where necessary.
To talk about someone’s habits and typical behaviour, we can 1 I had a kindergarten teacher who used to wear (use/
use: wear) a flower in her hair.
• the Present Simple or the Past Simple to talk about 2 Have you noticed our History teacher is always tapping/
repeated present or past actions or states:
always taps (always/tap) his pen on the desk?
When I get home, I do my homework and practise the violin.
3 OurMaths teacher is really forgetful. Sometimes, she
My grandfather picked me up from school every day. will set
(will/set) us homework but forget to collect it.

• used to + infinitive to talk about states (e.g. with the verbs 4 Years ago, teachers didn’t use to have (not/use/have) the
be, have, believe, like) or actions that happened regularly in
equipment they do now. There was just a blackboard.
the past but are no longer happening in the present. We do
5 At my secondary school we used to watch videos
not use this structure to talk about single past actions:
on an old TV that was always breaking down/would
When I was at primary school, I used to be very eager to learn.
always break down (always/break down).
I didn’t use to fall behind with my schoolwork.
6 When you were at school, did you use to have (use/
Did you use to like Chemistry?
have) a favourite teacher?
• would + infinitive to talk about past actions or behaviour
typical for someone (but not states): 4 Choose the correct option, A, B or C to complete
Our Maths teacher would give us loads of homework. the text.
• will + infinitive to talk about repeated present actions or
typical behaviour (but not states): In every class, you get a mix of different personalities.
She’ll watch TV or play games all day instead of studying There’s generally one kid who’s 1 the centre of
for her exams. attention. They 2 something completely inappropriate
Note: We do not use the verbs will/would in this meaning in in the middle of a lesson so everyone laughs. Then there’s
questions. the shy kid who 3 at the back of the class and 4
• the Present Continuous or Past Continuous with the adverb at their desk when the teacher asks a question. When
always to complain about someone’s behaviour: I was at primary school, I found reading and writing quite
She’s always putting things off. difficult and I struggled to keep up with my classmates.
My neighbours were always complaining about the noise. I5 much self-confidence. I 6 questions because
I was convinced I’d get them wrong and look stupid. It
seemed like the other kids 7 awards for something and
1 Choose the correct option.
I never did. That was until we started studying IT and
1 When Marco and I shared a room in a hall of residence, I suddenly found the thing I was good at. Now I’m
he was always borrowing / will always borrow my things regularly top of the class … at least in one subject
without asking. anyway.
2 When I was a kid, I would / used to believe that my dad
was a spy.
1 A used to be
3 Did you ever use to / used to cheat in exams?
B always trying to be
4 It’s so annoying. She will always lose / is always losing
C always being
her notebook.
2 A ‘ll say
5 Martha would ask / was asking the teacher plenty of
B ‘re saying
questions after every lesson. She was very curious.
C said
6 I always forget / will forget to bring a pen. Can I borrow
3 A ‘s sitting
one of yours?
B is used to sitting
2 Complete the sentences with one word in each gap. C sits
1 I didn’t use to worry about exams, but now I do 4 A would always look down
because I need to get the best grades possible. B is always looking down
2 When Jim gets home, he doesn’t/won’t start doing his C won’t look down
homework until he has something to eat. 5 A didn’t use to have
3 Our Science teacher will always tell us to be B wouldn’t have
careful when we do experiments using chemicals.
C wasn’t always having
4 Cathy isn’t committed to her studies. She 6 A wouldn’t answer
always chatting to her friends online for hours instead of B wasn’t answering
doing her homework. C ‘m not used to answering
5 you use to study a lot when you were at 7 A used to always winning
school, Grandpa?’ ‘Of course! I was an excellent student.’
B were always winning
6 When she was a teacher, she would correct C will win
homework every day after school and at the weekend.

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1 Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar
1.5 Verb patterns
Verb patterns
Verbs preceded by other verbs or verb phrases may follow
these patterns:
• verb + to + infinitive, e.g. agree, arrange, can’t afford,
decide, intend, learn, manage, offer, prefer, refuse,
remember, seem, tend:
I decided to leave school and find a job.
My sister agreed to help me with my homework.
• verb + object + to + infinitive, e.g. advise, allow, cause,
enable, encourage, expect, force, remind, urge, warn:
Robert’s mother encouraged him to study Law.
The teacher reminded us not to use our mobile phones
during lessons.
• verb + object + infinitive without to, e.g. make, let:
Do his parents let him hang out with his friends? My parents
used to make me do a lot of house chores.
• verb + gerund (-ing form), e.g. admit, avoid, can’t help, can’t
stand, enjoy, fancy, imagine, keep, miss, practise, spend/
waste time, stop:
I can’t stand wearing a school uniform.
She recently stopped eating fast food, and she feels better
already.
• verb + gerund (-ing form)/to + infinitive:
After the verbs begin, continue, hate, intend, like, love,
prefer and start we can use both the -ing form and the to
infinitive. The meaning stays the same or changes very slightly.
I started playing chess. I started to play chess.
He intends using the school website. He intends to use the
school website.
2 Complete the sentences with the correct form of the
Change in meaning
• After the verbs remember, forget, stop and try we can use
both the -ing form and the to infinitive form, however the
meaning of the sentence changes:
Jenny remembers locking the door. (She remembers that
she locked the door.)
Jenny remembers to lock the door. (She always remembers
to lock the door.)
Dad’ll forget giving me the money. (He will forget that he
gave me the money.)
Dad’ll forget to give me the money. (He hasn’t given me
the money and he’ll forget to do it.)
Liz stopped drinking coffee. (Liz doesn’t drink coffee anymore.)
Liz stopped to drink some coffee. (Liz stopped doing
something in order to drink coffee.)
I tried turning the computer off and on again, but it didn’t
help. (I tried this as an experiment to see if it would work).
I tried to turn the computer off, but the shutdown
command didn’t work. (I made an effort to turn the
computer off).
• We use feel, hear, see, watch + infinitive without to in order
to say we saw the whole action from beginning to end:
I saw Mary paint a picture. (I saw Mary start on the painting,
paint it and finish painting).
We use feel, hear, see, watch + -ing form when we witness
only a part of the action.
I saw Mary painting a picture. (Mary was painting a picture
when I saw her).
REFERENCE AND PRACTICE
meaning to the first. Use up to five words including
the word in capitals.
1 Are you looking for volunteers? You could put a poster
up in the school. TRIED
Have you tried putting up a poster in the school?
2 It’s really important that you hand in your assignment
on Friday. FORGET
You must not forget to hand in your assignment on Friday.
3 I told him that dropping Spanish was a bad idea.
ENCOURAGED
I encouraged him not to drop Spanish.
4 Those boots are much too expensive for me to buy.
AFFORD
I n’t afford (to buy) those boots.
5 Janice doesn’t go to dance classes any more. She quit
two years ago. STOPPED
Janice stopped going to dance classes two years ago.
6 We watched the gardener when he planted some
flowers in front of the building. They look great.
WATCHED
We watched the gardener plant some flowers in front of
the building. They look great.
7 Would John like to come to the concert on Sunday?
FANCY
Does John fancy coming to the concert on Sunday?
8 Jorge has been forbidden from using his dad’s
computer. ALLOWED
Jorge is not allowed to use his dad’s
computer.
verbs in the box.
add admire bring do drive
eat fix learn splash wear
1 Thankfully, my sister’s really practical and she managed
to fix my bike for me.
2 When we arrived at the cabin, it was really dark, but
luckily Sam had remembered to brin
a torch.
3 When we’re at the farm, my uncle sometimes lets me
drive his old van around the fields.
4 I saw some people learnin


to kayak on the river
and it looked really fun.
5 Of course you can use the bikes, but can you just
remind everyone to wear helmets?
6 Everyone needs to wear plastic gloves to avoid
splashing the cleaning liquid on their skin.
7 When we reach the top of the hill, we’ll stop for a while
by that wooden gate to admire the view.
8 Obviously, if you keep addin

white paint to the
mix, the colour will get lighter and lighter.
9 My mum makes me eat lots of fish because it’s
considered to be brain food.
10 Harry tends to do his homework at the last
minute, which is why he isn’t doing well at school.
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