Chapter 8-1 Work Energy Theorem (1) - Tagged

Chapter 8
Conservation of
Energy
Details and Figures in this presentation are taken from: Halliday, David, Robert Resnick, Jearl Walker. Principles of Physics, 10 th Ed, University
Physics by Young and Freedman, 11 th Ed, Physics for Scientists and Engineers by Serway, 5 th Ed, Physics for Scientists and engineers by
Giancoli 3rd Ed, and many websites like physicsclassroom.com, HyperPhysics.com & Past exams of PHYCS 101 Department of Physics at
UoB.
Dr. Khalil Ebrahim, PHYCS 101, 2nd Semester 2019-2020

Nonisolated System (Energy)
If a system does not interact with its environment, it is an
isolated system.
If we choose the object as a system, for which energy crosses the
boundary of the system during some time interval due to an interaction
with the environment. this is example of a nonisolated system.

PRINCIPLE of
CONSERVATION of ENERGY
Energy
neither created
nor destroyed.
Energy is conserved
Isolated System

Isolated System
A tomato is thrown upward. As it rises, the
gravitational force does negative work on it,
decreasing its kinetic energy. As the tomato
descends, the gravitational force does
positive work on it, increasing its kinetic
energy.
Wnet K
K U g
U g Wnet U g  PE mg h
Dr. Khalil Ebrahim, PHYCS 101, 2nd Semester 2018
Isolated System
A block, attached to a spring and initially at
rest at x = 0 is set in motion toward the right.
(a) As the block moves rightward, the spring
force does negative work on it.
(b) Then, as the block moves back toward
x = 0, the spring force does positive work on
it.
Wnet K
K U el
1 2
U el Wnet U el  kx
2
Dr. Khalil Ebrahim, PHYCS 101, 2nd Semester 2018
Wnet U el
U el K
Wnet K
TOTAL MECHANICAL ENERGY
E K  U
E K  U g  U el
1 2 1 2
E  m  mgh  kx
2 2
Work Energy Theorem
Any woke done on a system will cause change
in its energy
Wnet E f  Ei Wnet WF  W f k
Or simply, Wnet E

Wnet K  U
Wnet ( K f  U f )  ( K i  U i )
Work Done on a System by an External
Force
Work is energy transferred to or from a
system by means of an external force
acting on that system.

Energy Transformation for Downhill Skiing
 Wnet  E f  Ei
WF  W fk  K f  K i  U f  U i
 fk d K f  Ki
The skier begins at an elevated position, thus possessing a large quantity of potential
energy (i.e., energy of vertical position). If starting from rest, the mechanical energy of
the skier is entirely in the form of potential energy. As the skier begins the descent down
the hill, potential energy is lost and kinetic energy (i.e., energy of motion) is gained. As
the skier loses height (and thus loses potential energy), she gains speed (and thus gains
kinetic energy). Once the skier reaches the bottom of the hill, her height reaches a value
of 0 meters, indicating a total depletion of her potential energy. At this point, her speed
and kinetic energy have reached a maximum.
Work Done on a System by an External
Force
Ei  E f
Energy is Conserved
Energy Transformation on a Roller Coaster
No external forces and
friction
 Wnet = 0
Wnet E  E f - Ei E f  Ei Ki  U i  K f  U f
A roller coaster ride also illustrates the work-energy theorem. The work-
energy theorem states that the work done by external forces is capable
of changing the total amount of mechanical energy from an initial value
to some final value
How High Will It Go?
No external forces and friction,  Wnet =
0
Wnet E  E f - Ei E f  Ei Ki  U i  K f  U f
In the initial state on top of the hill, the slider has both and potential energy.
The amount of kinetic energy is dependent upon mass and speed. Since the
quantity of mechanical energy will be conserved, the slider must still have the
same mechanical energy by the time he/she comes to a stop on the opposite
incline.
Dr. Khalil Ebrahim, PHYCS 101, 2 Semester 2019-2020
nd
Energy is conserved
Energy Transformation for a Projectile
No external
forces and
friction
 Wnet = 0
E f  Ei
Ki  U i  K f  U f
The springs of the dart gun are compressed which accounts for the
elastic potential energy. Furthermore, the dart is initially elevated at a
height of 1m above the ground which accounts for the gravitational
potential energy. The presence of these two initial forms of energy are
shown by the PEg and PEs bars of the bar chart.
No external
forces and
friction
 Wnet = 0
E f  Ei
Ki  U i  K f  U f

Solving Problems Using
Work Energy Theorem
Wnet E f  Ei
Wnet Ef Ei
1 1 2 1 1 2
WF  W f k 2
2
m f  mgh f  kx f
2 2
2
mi  mghi  kxi
2

Test Problem
A mass of 4 kg is sliding on a frictionless horizontal surface with a speed
of v. If the mass encounters a spring with k = 10000 N/m and compresses
it a maximum distance of 0.1 m, then the blocks initial velocity v (in m/s)
is:
(a) 5
(b)10 Solution
(c)15 No external forces and
friction
(d) 20  Wnet = 0
 Wnet E f  Ei
Wnet Ef Ei
Wnet 0 J  E f Ei 1 1 1 1
WF  W f k m 2f  mgh f  kx 2f mi2  mghi  kxi2
1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2
Ei K i  U i  mi2  kxi2  4 i2  10000 0 2 2i2
2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1
E f K f  U f  m 2f  kx 2f  4 0 2  100000.12 50 J
2 2 2 2
0 50  2i2   f 5 m / s

Test Problem
A 1 kg block slides from rest down the smooth track from a height of 2 m,
and comes to rest after compressing a spring a distance x = 10 cm. The
force constant k (in N/m) of the spring is:
Solution
(a) 160
(b) 250
(c) 1000
(d) 4000
friction
 Wnet = 0
Wnet 0 J  E f Ei
1 1 Wnet Ef Ei
Ei K i  U i  mi2  mghi  10 2  110 2 20 J 1 1 1 1
2 2 WF  W f k m 2f  mgh f  kx 2f mi2  mghi  kxi2
2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1
E f K f  U f  m 2f  kx 2  10 2  k 0.12 5 10  3 k
2 2 2 2
3
0 5 10 k  20  k 4000 N / m

Test Problem
An 8 kg block rests on a horizontal frictionless surface and is attached to an
unstretched spring of k = 1200 N/m. A force F is applied such that when the
spring is stretched by 30 cm, the block is moving to the right with a speed of
1 m/s. The work done (in J) by the force is:
(a) 10
(b)28 Solution
(c) 58
(d)100
Wnet Ef Ei
Wnet WF  W f k WF  0 WF 1 1 1 1
WF  W f k 2
m 2f  mgh f  kx 2f
2 2
mi2  mghi  kxi2
2
1 1
Ei K i  U i  mi2  kxi2 0  0 0 J
2 2
1 1 1 1
E f K f  U f  m 2f  kx 2f  8 12  1200 0.32 58 J
2 2 2 2
WF 58  0 58 J

Test Problem
A 2-kg rock is thrown from the roof of a
20 m tall building with an initial speed
o = 20 m/s at an angle , as shown in
the figure. The rock’s kinetic energy (in
J) just before striking the ground is:
a) 500 Wnet
1
Ef
1 1
Ei
1
WF  W f k m 2f  mghf  kx 2f mi2  mghi  kxi2
friction
b) 800 2 2 2 2
 Wnet = 0
c) 1300
d) 2000  Wnet E f  Ei
Wnet 0 J
e) 2900 Ei K i  U i 
1 1
mi2  mghi  2 20 2  2 10 20 800 J
2 2
1
E f K f  U f  m 2f  mgh f K f  0 K f
2
Solution 0 K f  800
 K f 800 J

Test Problem
A block of mass m = 10 kg initially at rest at point A. If the block starts sliding
down the rough track reaching point B with velocity vB = 15 m/s, then the
work done by friction in J is:
Solution
(a) -380
(b) -875
(c) -1280
(d) -1500
Wnet Ef Ei
1 1 1 1
WF  W f k 2
2 2
2
 Wnet  E f  Ei  WF  W f k  K f  Ki  U f  U i
1
0  W fk  m 2f  0  mgy2  mgy1
2
1
W fk  10 152  100 10  100 30  W fk 1125  1000  3000  875 J
2
Test Problem
A 2-kg mass is sliding down a rough circular
track (radius r = 2.0 m), as shown in the figure.
If the speeds of the mass at point A, A= 4 m/s,
while at point B, B = 6.0 m/s, then the work
done by the force of friction (in J) between
points A and B is:
Solution
a) -5 Wnet
WF  W f k
1
Ef
1
1
Ei
1
b) -8
2 2 2 2
c) -13 Wnet WF  W f k 0  W f k W f k
d) -20 1 1
Ei K i  U i  mi2  mghi  2 4 2  2 10 2 56 J
e) -29 2 2
1 1
E f K f  U f  m 2f  mgh f  2 6 2  2 10 0 36 J
2 2
W f k 36  56  20 J
Test Problem
A 100 kg roller coaster car rolls
from rest at point A. If the car
speed at point B is 11 m/s, then
the work (in J) done by friction
is:
(a) -1550 Solution

W E Ei
net f
(b)-2800 WF  W f k
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
(c) -3950  Wext E f  Ei

(d)-5000 Wext WF  W f k 0  W f k W f k
1
Ei K i  U i  mi2  mghi 0  100 10 30 30000 J
2
1
E f K f  U f  m 2f  mgh f
2
1
E f  100 112  100 10 20 26050 J
2
W f k 26050  30000  3950 J
Extra Examples
&
Test Problems

Test Problem
A block leaves a 53 incline with a speed of v = 15 m/s, point A. The
maximum height hmax (in m) reached by the block above A is:
Solution
(a) 0.8
(b)3.2  Ei  E f
(c) 7.2 K i  U i  K f  U f
(d)12.8 1 2 1
m0  mghi  m 2  mgh f
2 2
1 2 1
15  0  (15cos 53) 2  10 hmax
2 2
112.5 40.5  10 hmax No external
forces and
10 hmax 72
friction
hmax 7.2 m  Wnet = 0
Test Problem B
A 0.5 kg football is kicked at ground level
with initial speed of v0 at an angle  above v0 ymax
the horizontal. If the ball reached a A
maximum height of ymax= 8 m, then the

change in the ball’s kinetic energy (in J)
between point A and point B is: Solution
a) -25  Wnet E f  Ei No external forces and
friction
b) -40 Wnet 0 J  E f Ei
 Wnet = 0
c) -50 1
Ei K i  U i  mi2  mghi K i  0.5 10 0 K i
2
d) -60 1
E f K f  U f  m 2f  mgh f K f  0.5 10 8 K f  40
2
0 K f  40  K i 40  K
 K  40 J
Test Problem
A block of mass m = 1 kg is held
compressing a spring with constant
k = 8000 N/m a distance x = 0.1 m on a
rough horizontal surface. After releasing
the block, it moves a distance d = 10 m
before coming to rest. What is the
coefficient of kinetic friction, μk?
Solution
(a) 0.1  Wnet E f  Ei
(b) 0.2 Wnet WF  W f k 0  f k d   k mg d   k 110 10  100  k
(c) 0.3 1 1 1
Ei K i  U i  mi2  kxi2 0  8000 0.12 4 J
(d) 0.4 2 2 2
E f K f  U f 0 J
 100  k 0  4
  k 0.4
Test Problem
A block is released from rest at the top of an inclined surface that makes an
angle of 37o with the horizontal as shown in the figure. The coefficient of
kinetic friction between the block and the incline is k = 0.25. After sliding a
distance d = 1.0 m downwards along the incline, the block’s speed (in m/s) is:
a) 1.5
Solution
b) 2.0
WF  W fk  K f  K i  U f  U i
c) 2.8
1
d) 3.5 0  f k d  m 2f  0  0  mgh
2
e) 4.0
1 2
 k mg  cos 37  d  m f  mg  d sin 37 
2
1 2
 0.25 10 0.8 1   f  10 10.6
2
1
 2   2f  6   f 2.8 m / s
2
Test Problem
A block at the bottom of a rough incline (μk = 0.1) is moving up the
incline with an initial velocity v1 = 8 m/s. The incline makes an angle of
37 with the horizontal. The maximum distance d (in m) the block travels
up the incline is:
Solution
(a) 1.2  Wnet  E f  Ei
(b) 2.6 WF  W f k  K f  K i  U f  U i
(c) 4.7 1
0  f k d 0  mi2  mgh  0
(d) 7.4 2
1
 k mg  cos 37  d  m12  mg  d sin 37 
2
1 2
 0.1 10 0.8 d  8  10 0.6 d
2
 0.8 d  32  6 d   d 4.7 m

Test Problem
A block slides down a smooth curved track and then up a rough 37 incline
with μk= 0.2, as in the figure. If the block slides down from rest from a height
h0 = 1.5 m, then the maximum height hmax (in m) reached by the block on the
rough incline is:
(a) 0.39
(b) 0.79
(c) 1.18
(d) 1.58
Wnet  K f  K i  U f  U i  WF  W f mghmax  mgh0
0  (  f mg cos 37 ) (hmax / sin 37 ) mghmax  mgh0
 (  f cos 37) (hmax / sin 37 ) hmax  h0
 0.27 hmax hmax  1.5   hmax 1.18 m
Test Problem
A 5 kg block compresses a spring with a force constant k = 200 N/m a
distance of 0.2 m. If the block is released from rest, what is the speed (in m/s)
of the block as it leaves the spring ?
a) 0.63 Solution
b) 1.26
c) 1.90  Wnet E f  Ei
d) 2.53 Wnet 0 J friction
1 1 2 1 1Wnet = 0 2
e) 3.16 2
Ei K i  U i  mi  kxi  5 0  200 0.2 4 J
2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1
E f K f  U f  m 2f  kx 2f  5 2f  200 0 2 2.5 2f
2 2 2 2
0 2.5  2f  4
 f 1.26 m / s
Test Problem
A 1 kg mass (m) is held 1 m above a vertical
spring of negligible mass. After dropping the
mass it compressed the spring a maximum
distance x= 0.2 m. The value of the
springconstant k in N/m is:
(a) 2200
(b) 600
(c) 288.9
Wnet WF  W f k 0  0 0 J
(d) 175 1 1
Ei K i  U i  mi2  mghi  kxi2 0  mg (h  x)  0 110 1.2 12 J
2 2
1 1 1
E f K f  U f  m 2f  mgh f  kx 2f 0  0  k 0.2 2 0.02 k
2 2 2
0 0.02 k  12  k 600 N / m
Test Problem
A 2-kg block resting on a horizontal
frictionless surface is attached to a spring
with force constant k = 800 N/m. The spring
is initially unstretched, but then a constant
force F = 63 N is applied on the block, as
shown in the figure. If the block travels a
distance of 10 cm from its initial position,
then its speed (in m/s) is close to:
Solution
a) 1 Wnet WF  W f k WF  0 WF F x cos 37 63 0.10.8 5.04 J
b) 2 1 1
Ei K i  U i  mi2  mghi  kxi2 0  0  0 0 J
c) 3 2 2
1 1 1 1
d) 4 E f K f  U f  m 2f  kx 2f  2  2f  800 0.12  2f  4 J
2 2 2 2
e) 5  5  2f  4 J  0   f 1 m / s
Test Problem
The blocks shown in the figure are released from rest with
the spring unstretched. The pulley and the horizontal surface
are frictionless, the spring constant k = 400 N/m, and the
two blocks have equal masses of m = 6 kg each. After the
system is released, the maximum extension (in m) of the
spring is:
Solution
(a) 0.1 Wnet WF  W f k WT  WT  0 0 J
(b) 0.2 1 2 1 2
Ei K i  U i  mi  mghi  kxi 0  mg x  0 60 x
2 2
(c) 0.3 1 1 2 1
E f K f  U f  m f  mgh f  kx f 0  0  400 x 2 200 x 2
2
(d) 0.4 2 2 2
0 200 x 2  60 x  x 0.3 m
Test Problem
In the system shown m1 = 2 kg, m2 = 4 kg, the spring
constant k = 200 N/m and the surface is smooth. If the
system is released from rest and with the spring
unstretched, what is the maximum distance (in m) m2
will descend?
Solution
(a) 0.1  Wnet E f  Ei
(b) 0.2 Wnet WF  W f k WT  WT  0 0 J
(c) 0.4 1 2 1 2
Ei K i  U i  mi  mghi  kxi 0  mg h  0 40 x
2 2
(d) 0.8 1 1 2 1
E f K f  U f  m f  mgh f  kx f 0  0  200 h 2 100 h 2
2
2 2 2
0 100 h 2  40 h  h 0.4 m

Chapter 8-1 Work Energy Theorem (1) - Tagged

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Chapter 8

Dr. Khalil Ebrahim, PHYCS 101, 2nd Semester 2019-2020

Dr. Khalil Ebrahim, PHYCS 101, 2nd Semester 2019-2020

Dr. Khalil Ebrahim, PHYCS 101, 2nd Semester 2019-2020

Wnet E f  Ei Wnet WF  W f k

Or simply, Wnet E

Dr. Khalil Ebrahim, PHYCS 101, 2nd Semester 2019-2020

Dr. Khalil Ebrahim, PHYCS 101, 2nd Semester 2019-2020

Dr. Khalil Ebrahim, PHYCS 101, 2nd Semester 2019-2020

Dr. Khalil Ebrahim, PHYCS 101, 2nd Semester 2019-2020

Dr. Khalil Ebrahim, PHYCS 101, 2nd Semester 2019-2020

Dr. Khalil Ebrahim, PHYCS 101, 2nd Semester 2019-2020

Dr. Khalil Ebrahim, PHYCS 101, 2nd Semester 2019-2020

(a) -1550 Solution

(c) -3950  Wext E f  Ei

Dr. Khalil Ebrahim, PHYCS 101, 2nd Semester 2019-2020

Dr. Khalil Ebrahim, PHYCS 101, 2nd Semester 2019-2020

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