1 Examinations Revision 2017 PHYSICAL SCIENCES/P1

4. WORK, ENEGRY AND POWER – FINAL EXAMS REVISION

Energy (E)

We define energy as the ability to do work.

The unit of energy is Joules (J)

Types of energy

• Gravitational potential energy (Ep)

The gravitational potential energy (Ep) of an object is defined as the energy it has due
to its position in the gravitational field relative to some reference level.

It is the energy that an object has because of its height above a reference point.

Ep = mgh: (The weight of an object multiply by its height above the reference point)

• Kinetic energy(Ek)

Kinetic energy (Ek) is defined as the energy an object possesses due to its motion
1
Ek = mv 2
2

An object that is at rest has no kinetic energy.

• Mechanical energy

The mechanical energy (Em) of an object is defined as the sum of its gravitational
potential energy (Ep) and kinetic energy (Ek).

Em = Ep + Ek

1
Em = mgh + mv 2
2

Law of conservation of energy

The law of conservation of energy states that energy cannot be created or destroyed.
It can only be transferred from one body to another.

In other words; the mechanical energy (sum of gravitational potential energy and
kinetic energy) of an isolated system remains constant.

Mechanical energy at position A is equal to the mechanical energy at position B.

(Em)A = (Em)B

An isolated system is one in which there is no external force, such as frictional force.

NGWENYA PT 1
2 Examinations Revision 2017 PHYSICAL SCIENCES/P1

Consider 3 scenarios below

(Em)A = (Em)B

(EP)A + (EK)A = (EP)B + (EK)B

1 1
mgh𝐴𝐴 + m𝑣𝑣𝐴𝐴2 = mgh𝐵𝐵 + m𝑣𝑣𝐵𝐵2
2 2

NGWENYA PT 2
3 Examinations Revision 2017 PHYSICAL SCIENCES/P1

Work done
• Define the work done on an object by a constant force as the product of the force parallel the
displacement and the displacement of an object.
Mathematically the work done by a force is given by: F = FΔx.cosθ, where F is the magnitude of the
force, Δx is the magnitude of the displacement and θ the angle between the force and the
displacement. (Work is done by a force on an object – the use of 'work is done against a force', e.g.
work done against friction, should be avoided.)
• Draw force diagram and free-body diagrams.
• Calculate the work done by individual forces. (Positive work done, zero work done and negative work
done)
• Distinguish between positive net work done, and negative net work done on the system.
• Calculate the net work done on an object.

Work-energy theorem
• State the work-energy theorem: The net work done on an object is equal to the change in the
object's kinetic energy OR the work done on an object by a resultant/net force is equal to the change
in the object's kinetic energy.
• In symbols: Wnet = ΔEk = Ekf - Eki
• Apply the work-energy theorem to objects on horizontal, vertical and inclined planes (for both
frictionless and rough surfaces).

Conservation of energy with non-conservative forces present

• Define a conservative force as a force for which the work done in moving an object between
two points is independent of the path taken. Examples are gravitational force, the elastic force in a
spring and electrostatic forces (coulomb forces).
Here, mechanical energy is conserved.
• Define a non-conservative force as a force for which the work done in moving an object
between two points depends on the path taken. Examples are frictional force, air resistance,
tension in a chord, etc.
Here mechanical energy is not conserved.
• State the principle of conservation of mechanical energy: The total mechanical energy (sum of
gravitational potential energy and kinetic energy) in an isolated system remains constant.
(A system is isolated when there are no external forces such as frictional force, tensional force and
applied force acting on it.
Δ E = Ef – Ei = 0J. Hence; Ef = Ei
• Solve conservation of energy problems using the equation: Wnc = ΔEk + ΔEp
• Use the relationship above to show that in the absence of non-conservative forces, mechanical energy
is conserved. Wc = Δ E = 0J

Power
• Define power as the rate at which work is done or energy is expended. In symbols: P = W/Δt
• Calculate the power involved when work is done.
• Perform calculations using Pav = F·vav when an object moves at a constant speed along a rough
horizontal surface or a rough inclined plane.
• Calculate the power output for a pump lifting a mass (e.g. lifting water through a height at constant
speed).

NGWENYA PT 3
4 Examinations Revision 2017 PHYSICAL SCIENCES/P1

EXAMPLES

QUESTION 1

1.1 Which ONE of the following physical quantities is equal to the product of force and average
velocity?
A Work
B Average power
C Energy
D Average acceleration (2)

1.2 Which one of the following forces is a conservative force?

A Friction
B Weight
C Normal force
D Applied force (2)

1.3 If the momentum of an object is doubled, then its kinetic energy is ...
A halved
B doubled
C three times greater
D four times greater (2)

1.4 An object is pulled along a straight horizontal road to the right without being lifted. The force
diagram below shows all the forces acting on the object.

Which ONE of the above forces does POSITIVE WORK on the object?
A W
B N
C f
D F (2)

1.5 If air resistance is negligible, the total mechanical energy of a free-falling body …
A remains constant.
B becomes zero.
C increases.
D decreases. (2)

[10]

NGWENYA PT 4
5 Examinations Revision 2017 PHYSICAL SCIENCES/P1

QUESTION 2
A 220 N force is applied horizontally to a box of mass 50 kg which rests on a rough horizontal
surface and the box moves a distance of 5 m. The kinetic friction between the surface and the box
is 40 N.

F = 220 N
50 kg

5m

Calculate:
2.1 The work done on the box by the applied force. (3)
2.2 The work done on the box by the normal force. (3)
2.3 The work done on the box by the friction. (3)
2.4 The net work done on the box. (3)
2.5 The net force acting on the box. (3)
2.6 The work done on the box by the net force. (3)
[18]

QUESTION 3
A 750 kg taxi moves at a constant velocity of 27 m.s-1 up and incline, which is 30 m long, making a
8° angle with the horizontal the car experiences a frictional force of 680 N.
Flat top

27 m.s-1

750 kg
30 m

8°

3.1 Draw a labelled free body diagram to show all the forces acting on the taxi. (4)

3.2 Calculate the magnitude of the applied force needed to maintain a constant speed up the
incline. (5)

3.3 Calculate the work done on the taxi by the gravitational force whilst moving up the
incline. (3)

3.4 Calculate the kinetic energy of the taxi halfway up the incline. (3)

3.5 The road is flat at the top of the incline. The frictional force is still 680 N, but the taxi
accelerates at 2 m.s-2 for the next 15 m.

Calculate the work done on the taxi by the applied force. (5)
[20]

NGWENYA PT 5
6 Examinations Revision 2017 PHYSICAL SCIENCES/P1

QUESTION 4
A cyclist pushes his bicycle of mass 6,1 kg up an incline with a force of 20 N. The bicycle is pushed
from an initial velocity of 5 m.s-1 from point A to point B. The road is inclined at 10° to the horizontal
and the distance from A to B is 32 m as shown below.

The road surface exerts a force of friction of 11 N on the bicycle tyres.

4.1 Define the term non-conservative force. (2)
4.2 Calculate the work done by the cyclist on the bicycle. (3)
4.3 Use the work-energy theorem and calculate the magnitude of the velocity of the bicycle at
point B. (5)
4.4 Explain why frictional forces are regarded as non-conservative forces. (2)
[12]

QUESTION 5
During an investigation a police officer fires a bullet of mass 15 g into a stationary wooden block, of
mass 5 kg, suspended from a long, strong cord. The bullet remains stuck in the block and the
block-bullet system swings to a height of 15 cm above the equilibrium position, as shown below.
(Effects of friction and the mass of the cord may be ignored.)

15 g 5 kg h

5.1 State the law of conservation of mechanical energy words. (2)

5.2 Use energy principles to show that the magnitude of the velocity of the block-bullet system
is 1,71 m·s-1 immediately after the bullet struck the block. (4)
5.3 Calculate the magnitude of the velocity of the bullet just before it strikes the block. (4)
5.4 The police officer is pushed slightly backwards by the butt of the rifle, which he is holding
against his shoulder, whilst firing the rifle. Use the relevant law of motion to explain why this
happens. (3)
[13]
___________________________________75 marks___________________________________

NGWENYA PT 6
 7 Examinations Revision 2017 PHYSICAL SCIENCES/P1

SOLUTIONS TO EXAMPLES

QUESTION 1 3.5 Fnet = ma

1.1 B F – f = ma
1.2 B F – 680 = (750)(2)
1.3 D F = 2 180 N
1.4 D
1.5 A WF = F.ΔxcosƟ
WF = (2 180)(15)cos0°
WF = 32 700 J
QUESTION 2
2.1 WF = F.ΔxcosƟ
WF = (220)(5)cos0° QUESTION 4
WF = 1 100 J 4.1 A force for which the work done in moving an object between two
points depends on the path taken.
2.2 WN = F.ΔxcosƟ
WN = N.(5)cos90° 4.2 WF = F.ΔxcosƟ
WN = 0 J WF = (20)(32)cos0°
WF = 640 J
2.3 Wf = f.ΔxcosƟ
Wf = (40)(5)cos180° 4.3 𝑊𝑊𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛 = 𝛥𝛥𝐸𝐸𝑘𝑘
Wf = – 200 J 1 1
𝑊𝑊𝐹𝐹 + 𝑊𝑊𝑓𝑓 + 𝑊𝑊𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹 = m𝑣𝑣𝑓𝑓2 − m𝑣𝑣𝑖𝑖2
2 2
2.4 Wnet = WF + Wf + WN + WFg 1 1
640 − (11)(32) − (6,1)(9,8)(32)𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠10° = (6,1)𝑣𝑣𝑓𝑓2 − (6,1)(5)2
Wnet = (1 100) + (– 200) + 0 + 0 2 2
Wnet = 900 J 𝑣𝑣𝑓𝑓 = 3,24 𝑚𝑚. 𝑠𝑠 −1

2.5 Fnet = F – f 4.4 In the presence of frictional forces, mechanical energy of a system
Fnet = 220 – 40 is not conserved.
Fnet = 180 N

2.6 WFnet = Fnet.ΔxcosƟ QUESTION 5

WFnet = (180)(5)cos0° 5.1 The mechanical energy (sum of gravitational potential energy and
WFnet = 900 J kinetic energy) of an isolated system remains constant.

5.2 (EP)A + (EK)A = (EP)B + (EK)B

QUESTION 3
3.1 Normal Applied Force 1 1
mgh𝐴𝐴 + m𝑣𝑣 2 = mgh𝐵𝐵 + m𝑣𝑣𝐵𝐵2
Force (Engine) 2 𝐴𝐴 2
1 1
(5,015)(9,8)(0) + (5,015)𝑣𝑣𝐴𝐴2 = (5,015)(9,8)(0.15) + (5,015)(02 )
2 2
Frictional
Force 𝑣𝑣𝐴𝐴 = 1,71 𝑚𝑚. 𝑠𝑠 −1
Force of gravity/ Weight
5.3 � 𝑝𝑝𝑖𝑖 = � 𝑝𝑝𝑓𝑓
3.2 F = f + Fg//
F = f + mgsinƟ mA viA + mB viB = mA vfA + mB vfB
F = 680 + (750)(9,8)sin0°
F = 1 702,92 N (0,015)viA + (5)(0) = (0,015)(1,71) + (5)(1,71)
viA = 571,71 𝑚𝑚. 𝑠𝑠 −1
3.3 WFg = Fg.ΔxcosƟ
WFg = mgΔxcosƟ
WFg = (750)(9,8)(30)cos98° 5.4 Newton’s third law:
WFg = – 30 687,67 N As the gun fires the bullet, it exerts a force on the bullet in the
forward direction. The bullet also exert an equal but oppositely
3.4 1 directed force on the gun. This force pushes the gun slightly
Ek = mv 2
2 backwards.
1
Ek = (750)(27)2
2
Ek = 273 375 J

NGWENYA PT 7
8 Examinations Revision 2017 PHYSICAL SCIENCES/P1

EXAM TUTORIAL 4 A
QUESTION 1
1.1 An object moves in a straight line on a ROUGH horizontal surface. If the net work done on
the object is zero, then
A the object has zero kinetic energy
B the object moves at constant speed.
C the object moves at constant acceleration.
D there is no frictional force acting on the object. (2)

1.2 An object moving at a constant velocity v has a kinetic energy of K. The velocity is changed
to 2v. Which one of the following is the correct kinetic energy at the new velocity?
A ¼K
B ½K
C 2K
D 4K (2)

1.3 The work done in accelerating an object along a frictionless horizontal surface is equal to
the change in the object’s…
A momentum
B velocity
C potential energy
D kinetic energy (2)

1.4 A block of mass m is released from rest from the top of a frictionless inclined plane QR, as
shown below. The total mechanical energy of the block is EQ at point Q and ER at point R.
The kinetic energy of the block at points Q and R is KQ and KR respectively.

Which ONE of the statements regarding the total mechanical energy and the kinetic energy
of the block at points Q and R respectively is CORRECT?

Total mechanical energy kinetic energy

A EQ > ER KQ = KR
B EQ = ER KQ < KR
C EQ = ER KQ = KR
D EQ < ER KQ > KR (2)

1.5 An electric motor lifts a load of mass M vertically through a height h at a constant speed v.
Which one of the following expressions gives the power generated by the motor?
A Mgh
B Mgh + ½ Mv
C Mgv
D Mgv + Mgh (2)
[10]

NGWENYA PT 8
9 Examinations Revision 2017 PHYSICAL SCIENCES/P1

QUESTION 2
A learner is pulling a box of 20 kg across a rough floor with a force of 300 N acting at an angle of
25° to the horizontal. He moves the box 10 m. The frictional force acting on the box is 20 N.

F = 300 N

25°
20 kg

10 m

2.1 Draw a fully labelled force diagram showing the forces acting on the box. (4)
2.2 Calculate the work done by the applied force. (3)
2.3 Calculate the work done by the normal force. (3)
2.4 Calculate the work done by the force of friction. (3)
2.5 Calculate the work done by the gravitational force. (3)
2.6 Calculate the net work done on the box. (3)
[19]

QUESTION 3
John applies a force F to help his friend in a wheelchair to move up a ramp of length 10 m and a
vertical height of 1,5 m, as shown in the diagram below. The combined mass of his friend and the
wheelchair is 120 kg. The frictional force between the wheels of the wheelchair and the surface of
the ramp is 50 N. The rotational effects of the wheels of the wheelchair may be ignored.
The wheelchair moves up the ramp at constant velocity.

F h = 1,5 m

10 m

3.1 What is the magnitude of the net force acting on the wheelchair as it moves up the ramp?
Give a reason for your answer. (2)
3.2 What is the magnitude of the net work done on the wheelchair on reaching the top of the
ramp? (1)
3.3 Calculate the following:
3.3.1 Work done on the wheelchair by force F. (5)
3.3.2 The magnitude of force F exerted on the wheelchair by John. (4)
[12]

NGWENYA PT 9
10 Examinations Revision 2017 PHYSICAL SCIENCES/P1

QUESTION 4
A loaded truck with a total mass of 5 000 kg travels up a straight incline at a constant velocity of 54
km∙h-1. At the top of the incline, the truck is at a height of 55 m above its starting point. The work
done by frictional forces is 8,5 x 104 J. (Ignore the rotational effects of the wheels of the truck.)

54 km.h-1

4.1 Define power in words. (2)

4.2 Draw a labelled free-body diagram showing ALL the forces acting on the truck as it moves
up the incline. (4)
4.3 Use the WORK-ENERGY THEOREM to calculate the work done by the engine of the truck
to get it to the top of the incline. (5)
4.4 Calculate the average power delivered by the engine of the truck if the truck takes 60 s to
reach the top of the incline. (3)
The truck now returns down the same incline with a constant velocity of 54 km∙h-1.

54 km.h-1

4.5 How will the work done by the engine of the truck on reaching the bottom of the incline
compare to that calculated in QUESTION 4.3?
Write down GREATER THAN, SMALLER THAN or EQUAL TO.
Give a reason for the answer. (2)
4.6 Arrestor beds are constructed as a safety measure to allow trucks to come to rest when
their brakes fail whilst going downhill.
Write down TWO design features of such arrestor beds. (2)
[18]

NGWENYA PT 10
11 Examinations Revision 2017 PHYSICAL SCIENCES/P1

QUESTION 5

A pendulum consists of a string with a 5 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 steel bob A tied to it from the bottom of a ceiling. The
bob is dropped is dropped from a vertical height of 3 𝑚𝑚. At its lowest point it collides with a
stationary 3,5 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 ball B, lying on a smooth horizontal surface. After the collision ball B is pushed
away at a speed of 6 𝑚𝑚. 𝑠𝑠 −1 and the bob moves further and reaches a certain height on the other
side.

h=3m 6 𝑚𝑚. 𝑠𝑠 −1

5.1 Calculate the magnitude of the velocity of bob A when it hits ball B. (5)

5.2 Calculate the height reached by bob A after the collision. (7)

5.3 Prove that the collision is inelastic. (5)

[17]

___________________________________75 marks___________________________________

NGWENYA PT 11
 12 Examinations Revision 2017 PHYSICAL SCIENCES/P1

SOLUTIONS TO EXAM TUTORIAL 4 A

QUESTION 1 QUESTION 4
1.1 B 4.1 The rate at which work is done. / Work done per unit time.
1.2 D OR
1.3 D The rate at which energy is transferred. / Energy transferred
1.4 B per unit time.
1.5 C
4.2
QUESTION 2 N = Normal force
2.1 Normal Applied Force F = Applied force
Force
f = frictional force
W = Weight / gravitational force
Frictional
Force
Force of gravity/ Weight 4.3 Check that Δx.sinƟ = h
2.2 WF = F.ΔxcosƟ
WF = (300)(10)cos25°
WF = 2 718,92 J
4.4
2.3 WN = F.ΔxcosƟ
WN = N.(10)cos90°
WN = 0 J

2.4 Wf = f.ΔxcosƟ
Wf = (20)(10)cos180° 4.5 Smaller than
Wf = – 200 J Weight / gravitational force does positive work on the truck.

2.5 WFg = Fg.ΔxcosƟ 4.6 Surface must provide sufficient friction like sand
WFg = mg.(10)cos90° Must be long enough for vehicle to stop.
WFg = 0 N
QUESTION 5
2.6 Wnet = WF + Wf + WN + WFg 5.1 1 1
mgh𝐴𝐴 + m𝑣𝑣𝐴𝐴2 = mgh𝐵𝐵 + m𝑣𝑣𝐵𝐵2
Wnet = (2 718,92) + (– 200) + 0 + 0 2 2
Wnet = 2 518,92 J 1 1
(5)(9,8)(3) + (5)(0) = (5)(9,8)(0) + (5)𝑣𝑣𝐴𝐴2
2 2
QUESTION 3 𝑣𝑣𝐴𝐴 = 7,67 𝑚𝑚. 𝑠𝑠 −1
3.1 0 (N) / Zero
no acceleration (constant velocity) 5.2 mA viA + mB viB = mA vfA + mB vfB
Newton's First Law
(5)(7,67) + (3,5)(0) = (5)𝑣𝑣𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 + (3,5)(6)
3.2 0 (J) / Zero viA = 3,47 𝑚𝑚. 𝑠𝑠 −1

3.3 1 1
mgh𝐴𝐴 + m𝑣𝑣 2 = mgh𝐵𝐵 + m𝑣𝑣𝐵𝐵2
2 𝐴𝐴 2
1 2
1
(5)(9,8)(0) + (5)(3,47) = (5)(9,8)h + (5)(0)
2 2
ℎ = 0,61 𝑚𝑚

5.3 1 1
𝐸𝐸𝐾𝐾 = 𝑚𝑚𝐴𝐴 𝑣𝑣𝐴𝐴2 + 𝑚𝑚𝐵𝐵 𝑣𝑣𝐵𝐵2
2 2
1 1
𝐸𝐸𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾 = (5)(7,67)2 + (3,5)(0)2
2 2
𝐸𝐸𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾 = 147 𝐽𝐽

1 1
3.4 𝐸𝐸𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾 = (5)(3,47)2 + (3,5)(6)2
2 2
𝐸𝐸𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾 = 93 𝐽𝐽 𝐸𝐸𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾 ≠ 𝐸𝐸𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾 𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻𝑻 𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄 𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊 𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊.

NGWENYA PT 12
13 Examinations Revision 2017 PHYSICAL SCIENCES/P1

EXAM TUTORIAL 4 B

QUESTION 1

1.1 Which of the following is the product the displacement and the force parallel the
displacement of the force and the displacement of an object?
A Power
B Momentum
C Work done
D Impulse (2)

1.2 When the net work done on an object is positive (greater than zero), the …

(2)

1.3 The diagram below shows a track, ABC. The curved section, AB, is frictionless. The rough
horizontal section, BC, is 8 m long.

An object of mass 10 kg is released from point A which is 4 m above the ground. lt slides
down the track and comes to rest at point C.

Which ONE of the following statements about the mechanical energy of the 10 kg mass is
INCORRECT?

The mechanical energy . . .

A increases from A to B.
B decreases from B to C.
C at B is equal to the kinetic energy at B.
D is not conserved from B to C, but is conserved from A to B. (2)

NGWENYA PT 13
14 Examinations Revision 2017 PHYSICAL SCIENCES/P1

1.4 A constant horizontal force F displaces a box by Δx over a rough horizontal surface. Study
the diagram below.

The normal force acting on the box does NO work on the box during the motion, because it
is …

A equal to the applied force.

B perpendicular to the applied force.
C equal and opposite to the weight of the box.
D perpendicular to the displacement of the box. (2)

1.5 The graph below represents the relationship between the work done on an object and the
time taken for this work to be done.

The gradient of the graph represents the …

A power.
B momentum.
C kinetic energy.
D potential energy. (2)

1.6 An object moving horizontally at a constant velocity suddenly encounters a rough horizontal
surface. The object continues to move over this rough surface. Which ONE of the following
statements is CORRECT?
The net work done on the object during the motion over the rough surface is …
A zero.
B positive.
C negative.
D constant. (2)

NGWENYA PT 14
15 Examinations Revision 2017 PHYSICAL SCIENCES/P1

1.7 (Ep + Ek)top = (Ep + Ek)bottom when only … are present.

A frictional forces
B tension forces
C applied forces
D gravitational forces (2)

1.8 The free-body diagram below shows the relative magnitudes and directions of all the forces
acting on an object moving horizontally in an easterly direction.

The kinetic energy of the object.....

A is zero.
B increases.
C decreases.
D remains constant. (2)

1.9 An applied force F accelerates an object of mass m on a horizontal frictionless surface from
a velocity v to a velocity 2v.

The net work done on the object is equal to ...

1
A 𝑚𝑚. 𝑣𝑣 2
2
B 𝑚𝑚. 𝑣𝑣 2
3
C 𝑚𝑚. 𝑣𝑣 2
2
B 4𝑚𝑚. 𝑣𝑣 2 (2)

1.10 The work done by a constant force F applied to an object to increase the object's speed
from v to 2v is W.
The work done by the same force to increase the speed of the object from 0 to v
will be ...
A ⅓W
B ½W
C 2W
D 3W (2)
[20]

NGWENYA PT 15
16 Examinations Revision 2017 PHYSICAL SCIENCES/P1

QUESTION 2
A constant force F, applied at an angle of 20° above the horizontal, pulls a 200 kg block, over a
distance of 3 m, on a rough, horizontal floor as shown in the diagram below.

The coefficient of kinetic friction, μk, between the floor surface and the block is 0,2.
2.1 Give a reason why the coefficient of kinetic friction has no units. (1)
2.2 Draw a free-body diagram indicating ALL the forces acting on the block while it is being
pulled. (4)
2.3 Show that the work done by the kinetic frictional force (Wfk) on the block can be written as
Wfk = (-1 176 + 0,205 F) J. (5)
2.4 Calculate the magnitude of the force F that has to be applied so that the net work done by
all forces on the block is zero. (5)
[15]

QUESTION 3
A lift arrangement comprises an electric motor, a cage and its counterweight. The counterweight
moves vertically downwards as the cage moves upwards. The cage and counterweight move at
the same constant speed. Refer to the diagram below.

NGWENYA PT 16
17 Examinations Revision 2017 PHYSICAL SCIENCES/P1

The cage, carrying passengers, moves vertically upwards at a constant speed, covering 55 m in 3
minutes. The counterweight has a mass of 950 kg. The total mass of the cage and passengers is 1
200 kg. The electric motor provides the power needed to operate the lift system. Ignore the effects
of friction.
3.1 Define the term power in words. (2)
3.2 Calculate the work done by the:
3.2.1 Gravitational force on the cage (3)
3.2.2 Counterweight on the cage (3)
3.3 Calculate the average power required by the motor to operate the lift arrangement in 3
minutes. Assume that there are no energy losses due to heat and sound. (6)
[14]

QUESTION 4
The diagram below shows a boy skateboarding on a ramp which is inclined at 20° to the horizontal.
A constant frictional force of 50 N acts on the skateboard as it moves from P to Q. Consider the
boy and the skateboard as a single unit of mass 60 kg.
Ignore the effects of air friction.

4.1 Draw a labelled free-body diagram, showing ALL the forces acting on the boy-skateboard
unit while moving down the ramp from P to Q. (3)
Points P and Q on the ramp are 25 m apart. The skateboarder passes point P at a speed vi and
passes point Q at a speed of 15 m∙s-1.
Ignore rotational effects due to the wheels of the skateboard.
4.2 Use energy principles to calculate the speed vi of the skateboarder at point P. (5)
4.3 Calculate the average power dissipated by the skateboarder to overcome friction between
P and Q. (4)
[12]

NGWENYA PT 17
18 Examinations Revision 2017 PHYSICAL SCIENCES/P1

QUESTION 5
A box is held stationary at point A, the top of a plane ABC, inclined at an angle to the horizontal.
The portion AB of the plane is smooth while the portion BC is rough.

5.1 State the principle of conservation of mechanical energy in words. (2)

5.2 Calculate the speed of the box at position B. (4)
5.3 The box experiences a kinetic frictional force of 14,7 N as it moves with a constant velocity,
from B to C, down the plane.
5.3.1 Draw a free-body diagram showing ALL forces acting on the box at B. (3)
5.3.2 Use the work-energy principle to calculate the distance d, between B and C if the
box has a mass of 3 kg. (6)
5.4 The angle between the incline and the horizontal is decreased.
How will this decrease affect the coefficient of kinetic friction acting on the box?
Explain your answer. (2)
[17]

QUESTION 6
The track for a motorbike race consists of a straight, horizontal section that is 800 m long.

A participant, such as the one in the picture above, rides at a certain average speed and completes
the 800 m course in 75 s. To maintain this speed, a constant driving force of 240 N acts on the
motorbike.
6.1 Calculate the average power developed by the motorbike for this motion. (4)

NGWENYA PT 18
19 Examinations Revision 2017 PHYSICAL SCIENCES/P1

Another person practises on the same motorbike on a track with an incline. Starting from rest, the
person rides a distance of 450 m up the incline which has a vertical height of 5 m, as shown below.

The total frictional force acting on the motorbike is 294 N. The combined mass of rider and
motorbike is 300 kg. The average driving force on the motorbike as it moves up the incline is 350
N. Consider the motorbike and rider as a single system.
6.2 Draw a labelled free-body diagram for the motorbike-rider system on the incline. (4)
6.3 State the WORK-ENERGY theorem in words. (2)
6.4 Use energy principles to calculate the speed of the motorbike at the end of the 450 m
ride. (6)
[16]

QUESTION 7
The diagram below shows a heavy block of mass 100 kg sliding down a rough 25o inclined plane.
A constant force F is applied on the block parallel to the inclined plane as shown in the diagram
below, so that the block slides down at a constant velocity.

The magnitude of the kinetic frictional force (fk) between the block and the surface of the inclined
plane is 266 N.
7.1 Friction is a non-conservative force. What is meant by the term non- conservative force? (2)
7.2 A learner states that the net work done on the block is greater than zero.
7.2.1 Is the learner correct? (1)
7.2.2 Explain the answer to QUESTION 7.2.1 using physics principles. (2)
7.3 Calculate the magnitude of the force F. (5)
If the block is released from rest without the force F being applied, it moves 3 m down the inclined
plane.
7.4 Calculate the speed of the block at the bottom of the inclined plane. (6)
[16]

NGWENYA PT 19
20 Examinations Revision 2017 PHYSICAL SCIENCES/P1

QUESTION 8
A 20 kg block is released from rest from the top of a ramp at point A at a construction site as
shown in the diagram below.
The ramp is inclined at an angle of 30° to the horizontal and its top is at a height of 5 m above the
ground.

8.1 The kinetic frictional force between the 20 kg block and the surface of the ramp is 30 N.
Use energy principles to calculate the:
8.1.1 Work done by the kinetic frictional force on the block (4)
8.1.2 Speed of the block at point B at the bottom of the ramp (5)
8.2 A 100 kg object is pulled up the SAME RAMP at a constant speed of 2 m∙s-1 by a small
motor. The kinetic frictional force between the 100 kg object and the surface of the ramp is
25 N.
Calculate the average power delivered by the small motor in the pulling of the object up the
incline. (4)
[13]

QUESTION 9
The diagram below represents the system used at a construction site to slide a crate filled with
bags of cement down a 25 m ramp that makes an angle of 15° with the horizontal, as indicated.

NGWENYA PT 20
21 Examinations Revision 2017 PHYSICAL SCIENCES/P1

The motor exerts a constant force by means of a light inextensible rope running over a frictionless
pulley.
The crate together with the bags of cement has a total mass of 450 kg and slides from rest from
the top of the ramp and reaches the bottom of the ramp with a velocity of 1,39 m.s-1.
The loaded crate experiences a constant frictional force of 275 N as it slides down the ramp.
9.1 Draw a labelled force diagram indicating ALL the forces acting on the crate as it slides
down the ramp. (4)
9.2 Define the term conservative force. (2)
9.3 Calculate the work done by the motor to lower the crate to the bottom of the ramp. (5)
9.4 What is the average power delivered by the motor if it takes 5 minutes to lower the crate to
the bottom of the ramp? (3)
[14]

QUESTION 10

A steel ball of mass 0,5 kg is suspended from a string of negligible mass. It is released from rest at
point A, as shown in the sketch below. As it passes through point B, which is 0,6 m above the
ground, the magnitude of its velocity is 3 m∙s-1. (Ignore the effects of friction.)

10.1 Calculate the mechanical energy of the steel ball at point B. (6)

As the steel ball swings through its lowest position at point C, it collides with a stationary crate of
mass 0,1 kg. Immediately after the collision, the crate moves at a velocity of 3,5 m∙s-1 to the right.

10.2 Calculate the velocity of the steel ball immediately after the collision. (7)

[13]

___________________________________150 marks___________________________________

NGWENYA PT 21
 22 Examinations Revision 2017 PHYSICAL SCIENCES/P1

SOLUTIONS TO EXAM TUTORIAL 4 B

QUESTION 1 QUESTION 4
1.1 C 1.1 C 4.1
1.2 B 1.2 D Frictional Normal
1.3 A 1.3 C force force
1.4 D 1.4 C
1.5 A 1.5 A

QUESTION 2
2.1 It is a ratio of two forces hence units cancel out
Force of gravity/ Weight
2.2
Applied Normal 4.2 𝑊𝑊𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛 = 𝛥𝛥𝐸𝐸𝑘𝑘
force force 1 1
𝑊𝑊𝑓𝑓 + 𝑊𝑊𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹 = m𝑣𝑣𝑓𝑓2 − m𝑣𝑣𝑖𝑖2
2 2
Frictional force 1 1
m𝑣𝑣 2 − m𝑣𝑣𝑖𝑖2
𝑓𝑓. 𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥. 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐Ɵ° + 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚. 𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥. 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐Ɵ° =
2 𝑓𝑓 2
1
(50)(25𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐180°) + (60)(9,8) (25𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐70° = (60)(152 − 𝑣𝑣𝑖𝑖2 )
Force of gravity/ Weight 2
𝑣𝑣𝑖𝑖 = 9,95 𝑚𝑚. 𝑠𝑠 −1
2.3
4.3 𝑃𝑃 = 𝐹𝐹. 𝑣𝑣𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎
9.95 + 15
𝑃𝑃 = 50 � �
2
P = 623,75 W

QUESTION 5
2.4 Wnet = WF + Wf + WN + WFg 5.1 The total mechanical energy in an isolated (closed) system
0 = F(3)(cos20°) + (–1176 + 0,205 F) + 0 + 0 remains constant (is conserved).
F = 388,88 N
5.2 1 1
mgh𝐴𝐴 + m𝑣𝑣 2 = mgh𝐵𝐵 + m𝑣𝑣𝐵𝐵2
2 𝐴𝐴 2
QUESTION 3 1 1
m �9,8 × 0,5 + × 0 � = 𝑚𝑚 �9,8 × 0 + × 𝑣𝑣𝐵𝐵2 �
2
3.1 The rate at which work is done/ Rate at which 2 2
energy is expended. 𝑣𝑣𝐵𝐵 = 3,13 𝑚𝑚. 𝑠𝑠 −1

3.2.1 WFg = mg.Δycosθ 5.3.1

WFg = (1 200)(9,8)(55) cos180° Frictional Normal
WFg = – 646 800 J (6,47 x105 J) force force

3.2.2 WCounter Weight = mg.Δycosθ

WCounter Weight = (950)(9,8)(55)cos0°
WCounter Weight = 512 050 J ( 5,12 x105 J)

Force of gravity/ Weight

3.3 Wnet = ΔEK
WFgravity + Wcounter weight + Wmotor = 0 5.3.2 Wnet = ΔEK
– 646800 + 512050 + Wmotor = 0 𝑊𝑊𝑓𝑓 + 𝑊𝑊𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹 = 0
∴ Wmotor = 134 750 J 𝑓𝑓. 𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥. 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐Ɵ° + 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚. 𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥. 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐Ɵ° = 0
1
(14,7). 𝑑𝑑. 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐180°) + (3)(9,8)(𝑑𝑑)( ) = 0
𝑊𝑊 𝑑𝑑
𝑃𝑃 = −14,7𝒅𝒅 + 29,4 = 0
𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥
134 750 𝑑𝑑 = 2 𝑚𝑚
𝑃𝑃 =
180
P = 748,61 W 5.4 REMAINS THE SAME

NGWENYA PT 22
 23 Examinations Revision 2017 PHYSICAL SCIENCES/P1

QUESTION 6
6.1 8.1.2

6.2
Applied Normal 8.2
force force

Frictional force
Force of gravity

6.3 The net/total work done on an object is equal to QUESTION 9

the change in the object's kinetic energy. 9.1 Tensional force
Normal
6.4 Frictional force
force

Force of gravity/ Weight

9.2 A force for which the work done in moving an object between two
points is independent of the path taken.
9.3 𝑊𝑊𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛 = 𝛥𝛥𝐸𝐸𝑘𝑘
1 1
𝑊𝑊𝐹𝐹 + 𝑊𝑊𝑓𝑓 + 𝑊𝑊𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹 = m𝑣𝑣𝑓𝑓2 − m𝑣𝑣𝑖𝑖2
2 2
1 1
𝑊𝑊𝐹𝐹 + 𝑓𝑓. 𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥. 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐Ɵ° + 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚Ɵ. 𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥. 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐Ɵ° = m𝑣𝑣𝑓𝑓2 − m𝑣𝑣𝑖𝑖2
2 2
1
QUESTION 7 𝑊𝑊𝐹𝐹 − (275)(25) + (450)(9,8)𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠15°(25) = (450)(1,392 − 02 )
2
7.1 If the work done in moving an object between 𝑊𝑊𝐹𝐹 = −21 225,03 𝐽𝐽
two points depends on the path taken (then the
force applied is non-conservative) 9.4 𝑊𝑊
𝑃𝑃 =
7.2.1 No 𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥
7.2.2 Wnet = ΔK.; Since it is moving with constant 21 225,03
velocity. ΔK = 0. ∴Wnet = 0 𝑃𝑃 =
300
P = 70,75 W
7.3
QUESTION 10
10.1

7.4

QUESTION 8 10.2 1 1
mgh𝐵𝐵 + m𝑣𝑣𝐵𝐵2 = mgh𝐶𝐶 + m𝑣𝑣𝐶𝐶2
8.1.1 2 2
1 2
5,19 + 0 = 0 + (0,5)𝑣𝑣𝐶𝐶
2
𝑣𝑣𝐶𝐶 = 4,56 𝑚𝑚. 𝑠𝑠 −1

m1 vi1 + m2 vi2 = m1 vf1 + m2 vf2

(0,5)(4,56) + (0,1)(0) = (0,5)vf1 + (0,1)(3,5)
vf1 = 3,86 𝑚𝑚. 𝑠𝑠 −1 , 𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 𝑡𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑒 𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟ℎ𝑡𝑡

NGWENYA PT 23