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SCIENCE
Quarter 2- Week 2 (Module 2)
Types of Compound Based on their Properties

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Science – Grade 9
Quarter 2- Week 2 (Module 2):
Types of Compounds
Based on their Properties

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work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government
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Borrowed materials (i.e. songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names,
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holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these
materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not
represent nor claim ownership over them.
Regional Director: Gilbert T. Sadsad

Assistant Regional Director: Jessie L. Amin

DEVELOPMENT TEAM OF THE MODULE

Writer: Chona B. Zamora
Language Editor: Laarnie G. Balin
Reviewers: Ronaldo C. Reyes
Jocelyn Navera
Jezrahel Omadto
Benjie L. Cadag

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This Self-Directed Module in Science is designed to help Grade 9 learners in
classifying a given compound as ionic or covalent based on the properties or
characteristics it possesses. This module is made for you to learn how scientists
discovered how simple to complex substances show special or unique
characteristics. Simple activities are provided to help you understand each lesson.
After completing the series of activities in this material, you should be able to explain
the significant characteristics exhibited by the compounds that make it either an ionic
compound or covalent compound. Thus, you will be able to
appreciate the use of the different compounds in your daily
life. Self-tests are also provided to help you check your
understanding and to assist you in each lesson.

MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING

COMPETENCY
Recognize different types of compounds (ionic or covalent)
based on their properties such as melting point, hardness,
polarity, and electrical and thermal conductivity. (S9MT-IIb-14)

YOUR LEARNING TARGETS

Hello my dear students,
I’m Teacher Chon. For this module, I will be your front liner. At the end of this
module, you will be able to:
1. Describe how ionic compound differs from covalent compound;
2. Explain how properties differ between ionic compound and covalent bonds.
3. Appreciate the importance and technological applications of such
bonds/compounds.

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 PRETEST
Multiple Choice: Choose the letter that
corresponds to the best answer. Write your
answer on a separate paper.
1. What part of atom is involved in chemical bonding?
A. Protons B. Neutrons C. Electrons D. Nucleus
2. Compounds made from nonmetals only are called_______.
A. Ionic B. Covalent C. Metallic D. Chemical
3. Low melting point and low solubility in water are general properties of
______________________ compounds.
A. ionic B. covalent C. chemical D. glucose
4. How does ionic bonding take place?
A. Two non-metallic elements of different kinds form strong forces of
attraction.
B. Two non-metallic element of the same kind form strong forces of
attraction.
C. A non-metallic element like fluorine is attracted to metallic element
sodium.
D. A metallic element like sodium transfers an electron to a non-metal
element like fluorine.
5. Which of the following types of bond will have the highest electrical
conductivity?
A. Ionic bond C. Covalent bond
B. Polar covalent bond D. Non-polar covalent bond

Now, you may check your answers using

the answer key section. If you got a score of 3-
5, you’ll find it easy to study this module. But if
your score is below 3, you need to be extra
diligent to understand the concepts presented.

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YOUR LEARNING ACTIVITIES
Hey, do you know what is found in your favorite snack that makes it so
delicious? What about your gadgets, the things in your room, in your kitchen, and
even in your comfort room? Have you ever thought about the types of bond present
in the compound that results to such kind of properties?
Well, this module will help you understand the different properties of such compound
formed by two types of bond that are present in each material.
Welcome to the different parts of the learning episode!

A. ELICIT

Before getting through the distinguishing characteristics/properties of the two

types of compound, your goal in this activity is to identify the type of compound based
on the bond formation and elements involved in this type of bond.
Find the magic word that is being shared in common by the three pictures or
illustrations. You may arrange the jumbled letters to get the appropriate answer.

SET A C-I-N-O-I COMPOUND ______________

Source: https://study.com/academy/lesson/overview-of-chemical-bonds.html Source: bing.com

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 SET B V-L-A-E-T-N-O-C COMPOUND ______

Source: bing.com

Source: bing.com

B. ENGAGE

This time, your task is to list down examples of ionic compounds and covalent
compounds from the sets of elements or ions possible for combination. Write your
answer in the table below. You may refer to the given comic strips for the hint on how
these compounds are formed or how they bond together. (Hint: Ionic- metal &
nonmetal; Covalent- nonmetal & nonmetal)

Example: Na+ & Cl- = NaCl (ionic)

Source: bing.com

TABLE 1 LIST OF COMPOUNDS

IONIC COMPOUNDS COVALENT COMPOUNDS

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C.EXPLORE
Knowing the properties of the compound will give you the idea on how it would be
more efficient and beneficial to mankind. Because of the nature of ionic and covalent
bonds, the materials produced by these bonds tend to have quite different
macroscopic properties. In this part of our lesson, your goal is to determine the
properties of ionic compound and covalent compound.
A. Refer to the following illustrations/ diagrams and identify what
properties/characteristics is being shown by each of the diagram. Choose your
answer from the given list of properties below.
1.______________ 2._______

Source: bing.com Source: bing.com

3.____________ 4.__________

Source: chem.libretexts.org Source: bing.com

A. MELTING POINT

B. POLARITY
C. HARDNESS
D. ELECTRICAL & THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY

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B. Analyze the given table and compare the properties of ionic and covalent compound by
answering the questions that follows.
TABLE 1

COMPOUNDS MELTING POINT

BOILING
(oC) POINT
(oC)

KBr 734 1435

MgO 2852 1600

NaCl 801 1465

H2 O 0 100

NH3 -78 -33

O2 -219 -183
1. What are the compounds that belong to ionic compound? What about those that are
classified as covalent compound?
Ionic compound Covalent Compound
_____________ _________________
_____________ _________________
_____________ _________________
2. Which among the compounds has the highest melting point? highest boiling point? What
kind of compound is this?
_________________________________________________________________.
3. Based from the table, how can you tell if a compound is ionic or covalent?
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
D. EXPLAIN
1. Why do solid covalent compounds (molecules) have low melting points?
________________________________________________________________________
2. Why do solid ionic compounds (ions) have high melting points?
________________________________________________________________________
3. Why can ionic compounds conduct electricity when in molten state or when in water while
covalent compounds cannot conduct electricity in both phases?
_________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

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E. ELABORATE
To further understand the properties of ionic compound and covalent
compound, read the short discussion below.
What are the properties of ionic compounds and covalent compounds?
1. Ionic compounds are so hard, they don’t bend at all. This is also explained in the
brittleness of ionic compounds. It takes a lot of energy to pull ionic charges apart from
each other.
Covalent compounds are soft and squishy (compared to ionic compounds).
2. Ionic compounds Conduct electricity when dissolved in water. For example, when
we take salt and dissolve it in water, the water molecules pull the positive and negative
ions apart from each other.
Covalent compounds don't conduct electricity in water. Unlike ions, which are
charged, molecules are neutral. So, even in a liquid in which molecules can move
around, the compound cannot conduct electric current.
3. Ionic compounds have high melting points above 250oC and high boiling points
above 500oC. The ionic bonds (electrostatic force of attraction) between the ions are
very strong. A very large amount of heat energy is needed to overcome these strong
bonds.
Covalent compounds generally have much lower melting and boiling points than
ionic compounds. When a covalent compound melts or boils, the covalent bonds
holding the molecules together do not break as ionic bonds in an ionic compound do.
Instead, one molecule separates from another. Because molecules separate easily
from other molecules, they tend to have lower melting and boiling points than ionic
compounds.
4. Ionic compounds have full charges on resulting ions. With covalent compounds,
however, one could be polar or non-polar. Some covalent compounds dissolve in
water. Other covalent compounds do not. Wax molecules have a stronger attraction
to other wax molecules than they have to water molecules. This is why wax does not
dissolve in water.

Uses of Ionic and Covalent Compounds

1.They can be used as dryers. As they are soluble in water, they can “absorb” the
water vapors in the air. That’s why salt becomes dissolved when it is exposed to the
air directly.
2. Ionic compounds can carry out electrolysis to make metals and other useful
materials (e.g. chlorine.). They can be used to replace wires as they conduct
electricity in aqueous form.

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3. The use of vinyl floor tiles, plastic jug, wall paint, alcohols, plastic bottles and
many others are product of covalent compounds.
Why do oil and water never mix? Consider the polarity of the compound. You
may refer to the illustration below.

Source:bing.com

F. EVALUATE
A. Supply the missing data from the given table. You may select your answer from the list
below.

conduct electricity when melted/dissolved soft NaCl O2

High melting point Polar/non-polar
Hard/brittle Low melting point
Full charge Does not conduct electricity/insulator

Type Example Melting Hardness Polarity Electrical &

Point Thermal
Conductivity

Ionic Compound 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Covalent Compound 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

B. Classify the following properties as either Ionic or Covalent compounds. Write ionic or
covalent on the space before each property.
1. Has high melting and boiling points
2. Conducts electricity when melted.
3. Usually occurs between non-metals.
4. Is a poor electrical conductor in all phases.
5. Many are soluble in non-polar liquids but not in water.

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 Congratulations! You’re done with the whole
journey in this module. It’s now time to assess your
learning.

VOCABULARY LIST
Covalent Bond involves the sharing of electrons that results in the formation of covalent
compounds whose representative particle is a molecule.
Crystal lattice is a repeating three-dimensional pattern formed when ions bond.
Ions are held together by the electrostatic force between oppositely charged bodies.
Ionic Bond involves complete transfer of electrons; thus, ions are formed. It involves metals
with low electronegativity and non-metals with high electronegativity.
Molecule is the representative particle of covalent compounds.

POST TEST
Multiple Choice: Choose the letter that corresponds to the
best answer. Write the letter of your choice on a separate paper.
1.Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of IONIC COMPOUNDS?
A. High melting point
B. Ability to conduct electricity
C. Strong bonds
D. Low boiling points

2. Which of the following is an example of a COVALENT COMPOUND?

A. H2S B. KI C. CaCl2 D. MgO

3. Galen lists the properties of four covalent compounds and two ionic compounds in the
table below. If his teacher asks him about a different covalent compound, what can he
predict about its properties? Select all that apply.
COMPOUNDS BOILING PT (oC) ELEMENTAL COMPOSITION TYPE OF
COMPOUND
H2 O 100.0 All nonmetals covalent
CS2 46.3 All nonmetals covalent
CH4 -161.5 All nonmetals covalent
HCl -85.1 All nonmetals covalent
NaCl 1413.0 A metal and a nonmetal ionic
KCl 1420.0 A metal and a nonmetal ionic
A. It consists of all metals. C. It has a high boiling point.
B. It consists of all nonmetals. D. It has a low boiling point.

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4. The following table summarizes melting points for different types of compounds. How
does the type of compound relate to its melting point?
COMPOUND TYPE OF MELTING
COMPOUND POINT oC
H2 O covalent 0
CO2 covalent -56.6
NaCl Ionic 801.0
FeO Ionic 1377.0

A. The melting points of ionic and covalent compounds show no relationship.

B. The melting points for ionic compounds are lower than the melting points for
covalent compounds.
C. The melting points for ionic compounds are higher than the melting points for
covalent compounds.
D. The melting points for ionic compounds are equal to the melting points for
covalent compounds.

5. Dan tests the conductivity of solid NaCl, melted NaCl, and NaCl dissolved in water. His
observations are in the table below. NaCl is an ionic compound. How could Dan correctly
describe the conductivity of ionic compounds using his observations? Select all that apply.

CONDUCTIVITY
Solid NaCl Not conductive
Melted NaCl Conductive
NaCl dissolved Conductive
in water

A. All ionic compounds conduct electricity.

B. Ionic compounds do not conduct electricity.
C. Melted ionic compounds conduct electricity.
D. Solid ionic compounds do not conduct electricity.

If you scored 4-5

Congratulations! You may
now proceed to the next
module. If you scored below 4, you need to go back and
read the module again!

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 For pre-test
ELICIT
1. c
A- IONIC B-COVALENT EXPLORE
2. b
SET A
3. b
1. D 3. C
ENGAGE
4. d 2. B 4. A
Answer may vary.
5. c
Hint: Ionic compound is a metal and
nonmetal combination

Covalent compound-two nonmetals

EXPLAIN
EXPLORE SET B
1. They have low melting point
1. IONIC COMPOUND COVALENT
because the attraction or force
COMPOUND
that holds them together is very
HCl, KBr, MgO H2O, NH3,O2 weak, so it does not require much
2. MgO-highest melting point and boiling point, an heat for them to break apart.
ionic compound. 2. The ionic bonds (electrostatic
3. If the compound has high melting and boiling force of attraction) between the
points, it’s an ionic compound. A covalent ions are very strong. A very large
compound has low melting and boiling point. amount of heat energy is needed
to overcome these strong bonds.
3. In molten state, ions can move freely so the molecules pull the positive and
negative ions apart from each other.

ELABORATE
Oil and water never mix because molecules of oil are bigger than that of water and
therefore do not mix easily. On the other hand, molecules of water are polar, i.e. it is
positively charged at one end and negatively charged at the other whereas oil
molecules are not; as a consequence, they tend to stay away from water molecules.
Therefore, oil and water don’t mix together.

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EVALUATE
A. 1. NaCl 6. O2
2. High melting point 7. Low melting point
3. Hard/brittle 8. soft
4. Full charge 9. Polar/non-polar
5. conduct electricity when melted/dissolved 10. Does not conduct
electricity/insulator

B.1.ionic 2. Ionic 3. Covalent 4. Covalent 5. Covalent

POST TEST

1. d

2.a

3.b/d

4.c

5.c/d

References
Department of Education. Science Grade 9 Learner’s Module. DepEd: Pasig City, 2014

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https://brainly.com/question/12149768 (accessed August 5, 2020)

Chemistry LibreTexts. “Physical Properties of Ionic Compounds.”chem.libretexts.org.

https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_Chemistry/Book%3A_Introductory_Chemistry_(
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Arnett, Megan. “Mix it up with oil and water.” scientificamerican.com.

https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/mix-it-up-with-oil-and-water (accessed August 5, 2020)

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