Math

PRE-CALCULUS Unit
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Unit 4 – Exponential & Logarithmic Functions: Sample Unit Outline
TOPIC HOMEWORK
DAY 1 Graphing Exponential Functions & the Natural Base HW #1
Transformations of Exponential Functions
DAY 2 (vertical and horizontal shifts, vertical and horizontal reflections, vertical
and horizontal stretches/compressions)
Exponential Growth & Decay Applications;
DAY 3 HW #2
Logistic Growth Functions
DAY 4 Compound Interest & Continuous Compound Interest HW #3
DAY 5 Quiz 4-1 None

Logarithms: Converting between exponential and logarithmic
DAY 6 forms, Common Logarithm, Natural Logarithm Evaluating Logs, HW #4
Change of Base formula
Properties of Logarithms, Condensing and Expanding
DAY 7 HW #5
Logarithms
DAY 8 Graphing Logarithms HW #6
DAY 9 Quiz 4-2 None
DAY 10 Solving Exponential Equations (using a common base) HW #7
DAY 11 Solving Logarithmic Equations HW #8
DAY 12 Solving Exponential Equations using Logs HW #9
DAY 13 Review Logarithmic & Exponential Equations HW #10
DAY 14 Applications with Solving Equations HW #11
DAY 15 Quiz 4-3 None

Nonlinear Regression (exponential, power, logistic,
DAY 16 HW #12
logarithmic)
Study
DAY 17 Unit 4 Review
For Test
DAY 18 UNIT 4 TEST None
© Gina Wilson (All Things Algebra®, LLC), 2017

Name: Date:
___________________________________________________ _________________________________
________________ _________________________________
Topic: Class:
_
___________________________________________________ _________________________________
________________ _________________________________
Main Ideas/Questions Notes/Examples
_
x
 1
Graph f ( x ) = 2 Graph f ( x ) =  
x
 2
EXPONENTIAL
FUNCTION
b is the base of
the function
When a > 0 and b > 1, the function When a > 0 and 0 < b < 1, the
is increasing and called an function is decreasing and called
exponential growth. an exponential decay.
Directions: Classify the function as an exponential growth or decay, graph, then identify its key
characteristics.
1. f ( x) = 3
x
Growth or Decay?
Domain: Range:
y-intercept: Asymptote:
Increasing Interval:
Decreasing Interval:
End Behavior:
x
 1 Growth or Decay?
2. f ( x) =  
3
Domain: Range:
End Behavior:
© Gina W ilson (All Things Algebra ®, LLC), 2017

x
2 Growth or Decay?
3. f ( x)   
5
Domain: Range:
End Behavior:
4. f ( x)  4
x
Growth or Decay?
Domain: Range:
End Behavior:
• e is an ______________________________ ______________________ with an
Natural Base approximate value of ______________________________________.
EXPONENTIAL • Exponential functions with base e are called natural base exponential
functions.
FUNCTION • Many real-world applications of exponential functions use base e.
Graph the function f(x) = ex, then identify its key characteristics.
Growth or Decay?
Domain: Range:
End Behavior:

Name: Date:
___________________________________________________ _________________________________
________________ _________________________________
Topic: Class:
_
___________________________________________________ _________________________________
________________ _________________________________
_
Recall the following transformations rules given a function f(x):
Translations (Shifts) Reflections Dilations (compress/stretch)
Transformations of f ( x  h) shifts left
a  f ( x)
EXPONENTIAL f ( x  h) shifts right

 f ( x ) reflects
over the x-axis
is a v ertical compression
when a < 1 and a vertical
FUNCTIONS stretch when a > 1

f (b  x )
f ( x )  k shifts up
f ( x ) reflects is a horizontal stretch
over the y-axis when b < 1 and a horizontal
f ( x )  k shifts down
compression when b > 1
Directions: (a) Identify the parent function, and (b) describe the transformations.
x 1 x 5
1. f ( x)  2 3  1
2. f ( x)     1
2
3. f ( x)  3  4
x 2
7 4 x
4. f ( x)  e  5
3
( x 4) 4x
5. f ( x)  5  2 9 2
6. f ( x)    
3
1 3( x  2)
7. f ( x)  e 2  4
x
3
8. f ( x)     1
4

Directions: Graph each function, then identify its key characteristics.
x 1
9. f ( x)  3 4 Domain:
Range:
y-intercept:
Asymptote:
End Behavior:
x
 1 Domain:
10. f ( x)      2
2
Range:
y-intercept:
Asymptote:
End Behavior:
x5
 1 Domain:
11. f ( x)  3  
4
Range:
y-intercept:
Asymptote:
End Behavior:

x
12. f ( x)  e 3 Domain:
Range:
y-intercept:
Asymptote:
End Behavior:
2 ( x 1)
 1 Domain:
13. f ( x)    
3
Range:
y-intercept:
Asymptote:
End Behavior:
1
( x  2)
14. f ( x)  e 3 1 Domain:
Range:
y-intercept:
Asymptote:
End Behavior:

Name: _______________________________ Unit 4: Exponential & Logarithmic Functions
Date: _____________________ Per: _______ Homework 1: Graphing Exponential Functions
** This is a 2-page document! **
Directions: Classify each function as an exponential growth or an exponential decay. Sketch the
curve.
1 x 3 1
x x
1. f ( x)  6 2. f ( x)  5
7   3. f ( x)  3   
2 4 2
Directions: (a) Identify the parent function and (b) describe the transformations.
2 ( x 3 ) 3
4
4. f ( x)    
 x
1 5. f ( x)  7 2
3
3
1 x x 3
6. f ( x)  e  9 4
3 7. f ( x)  5   
5

1 x Domain:
8. f ( x)   5 1
2
Range:
y-intercept:
Asymptote:
End Behavior:

1 x
9. f ( x)   e 1 Domain:
2
Range:
y-intercept:
Asymptote:
End Behavior:
1
x
Domain:
10. f ( x)  2  2 3  3
Range:
y-intercept:
Asymptote:
End Behavior:
2 ( x 1)
3 Domain:
11. f ( x)    5
4
Range:
y-intercept:
Asymptote:
End Behavior:

Name: Date:
___________________________________________________ _________________________________
________________ _________________________________
Topic: Class:
_
___________________________________________________ _________________________________
________________
_________________________________
_
Exponential growth occurs Exponential decay occurs
when a quantity exponentially when a quantity exponentially
Exponential increases over time.
EXPONENTIAL GROWTH FUNCTION:

decreases over time.
EXPONENTIAL DECAY FUNCTION:
GROWTH
& DECAY
where a is the initial amount, r is the growth or decay rate
(as a decimal), and t is the length of time
1. Brooke started her career with an annual salary of $32,000. Each year
thereafter, her salary increased by 2.5%. Write and use an
exponential growth function to find her salary when she retires after
30 years.
2. In 1995, a magazine had 14,000 subscribers. The number of

subscribers increased by 40% each year thereafter. Write and use an
exponential growth function to find the number of subscribers in 2016.
3. Kate drank an energy beverage with 150 milligrams of caffeine. Each

hour the amount of caffeine in her system decreases by about 12%.
Write and use an exponential decay function to find the amount of
caffeine in her system after eight hours.
4. The half-life of Mercury-197 is 3 days. Write and use an exponential

decay function to find the amount of M ercury-197 left from a 50-gram
sample after 20 days.

Sometimes a quantity is constantly increasing
or decreasing at an exponential rate, and not
Continuous just after each year, month, day, hour, etc.
The formula to the right can be used to find *r is positiv e for growth
GROWTH the balance of the account in this case. models and negativ e
for decay models
& DECAY 5. A garbage dumpster started with 4 pounds of garbage. The amount
of garbage increased continuously by 35% each day from this point
forward. Find the amount of garbage in the dumpster after two
weeks.
6. The population of a town is declining at a continuous rate of 1.5%. If

the current population is 16,000 people, find the population in 8 years.
Sometimes a quantity exponential increases, y=c

but then levels out, approaching a horizontal
LOGISTIC asymptote. This is called a logistic growth
model. The logistic growth function is given as:
GROWTH c
f ( x) 
Function 1 ae rx
7. A disease begins to spread in a town of 20,000 people. After t days,
the number of people who have been infected by the disease is
modeled by the function below. Using the function, find the number
of people infected after 10 days.
20, 000
f (t ) 
1 1150e0.95t
8. The population P, in millions, of a country from 1850 to 2000 is

modeled by the equation below where t is the years since 1850.
Using the function, find the population of the country in 1920.
135
P(t ) 
1 58e0.025t

Name: __________________________________ Unit 4: Exponential & Logarithmic Functions
Date: _________________________ Per: ______ Homework 2: Exponential Growth & Decay
Exponential Growth and Decay

1. Aaron owns a rare baseball card. He bought the card for $7.50 in 1987 and its value increases
by 6% each year. Write and use an exponential growth function to find the baseball card’s
value in 2015.
2. Jennifer started working at her job earning $6.25 per hour. Every six months, she gets a 3.25%
raise. If Jennifer has worked at the job for 14 years, what is her hourly rate?
3. In 2005, the Summerville Journal had 110,000 subscriptions. The number of subscriptions
subsequently decreased by 8% each year. Write and use an exponential decay function to
find the number of subscriptions in 2022.
4. In November, 26 students at Monarch High School had contracted the flu. Each month, the
number of students who have contracted the flu increases by 36%. Write and use an
exponential growth function to find the total number of students who have contracted the flu
by May.
5. Ian bought a new truck for $35,000 in 2015. Each year, the value of the truck depreciates by
9%. Write and use an exponential decay function to find the value of his truck at the end of
his 60-month loan.
6. A certain compound has a half-life of four days. Write and use an exponential decay function
to find the amount of compound remaining from a 75-ounce sample after three weeks.

Continuous Growth and Decay
7. A 4-foot tree was planted in 1984. The tree grows continuously by 22% each year from this
point forward. Find the height of the tree after 8 years.
8. An ice sculpture measures 52 inches and melts continuously by 3% per minute. Find the height
of a sculpture after 15 minutes.
9. In 2002, a certain town recorded 15,300 acres of undeveloped land. Since then, the amount
of undeveloped land decreased continuously by 7% each year due to residential and
commercial development. Find the approximate amount of undeveloped land in 2014.
Logistic Growth
10. The population of fish in a pond from 2001 to 2014 is modeled by the function below, where t
is the years since 2001. Using the function, find the number of fish in the pond in 2014.
1125
P(t ) =
1+ 12e−0.17t
11. The bears in Alaska are limited to a certain area to live due to the resources available for
food and shelter. After t years, the number of bears living in the area is modeled by the
function below. Using the function, find the number of bears after 17 years.
103
f (t ) =
1+ 26e−0.31t

Name: Date:
___________________________________________________ _________________________________
________________ _________________________________
Topic: Class:
_
___________________________________________________ _________________________________
________________ _________________________________
_
A common application of exponential growth is compound interest.
Compound interest is interest paid on both the initial investment, called
COMPOUND the principal, and on previously earned interest.
INTEREST FORMULA: A =______________________________________
P = ______________________________________
r = _______________________________________
n = _______________________________________
t = _______________________________________
1. Dave invests $300 in an account with a 5% interest rate. If he makes no
other deposits or withdrawals, find his account balance after 15 years
Examples if the interest is compounded with the following frequencies.
a) semiannually b) monthly
2. If $2,500 is deposited into a savings account earning 8% annual

interest, how much will be in the account at the end of 25 years if the
interest is compounded with the following frequencies:
a) quarterly b) daily
3. When Amelia turned 6, her grandparents opened a college savings

account for her with an initial deposit of $500. The account earns 3.2%
interest compounded bimonthly. If her grandparents make no other
deposits or withdrawals, how much money will be in the account
when Amelia can access it at age 18?

4. Suppose a savings account offers a 0.4% interest rate compounded
semiannually. If Samantha opens an account with $750 and makes no
other deposits or withdrawals, how much interest will she have earned
after 10 years?
5. In 1990, Carter deposited $1,000 in an investment account that earns

2 38 % annual interest, compounded quarterly. If no other deposits or
withdrawals were made, find the balance of his account in 2025.
In some cases, interest is compounded FORMULA:

Continuous continuously meaning the account is
COMPOUND constantly earning interest. The formula to the
right can be used to find the balance of the
INTEREST account in this case.
6. Suppose $800 is invested in an account at a 6% interest rate
compounded continuously. If no other withdrawals or deposits are
Examples made, find the balance in the account after 20 years.
7. Find the balance of an account after 5 years if $1,200 is initially

invested at an interest rate of 12.5% per year, compounded
continuously and there are no other deposits or withdraw als.
Option A: 8. Carla is investing $1,500 in a new 30-year retirement account.

5.5% annual interest Determine which of the interest rates and compounding periods
compounded shown to the left would be her best investment option.
monthly
Option B:
2.7% annual interest
compounded
continuously

Name: ___________________________________ Unit 4: Exponential & Logarithmic Functions
Date: __________________________ Per: ______ Homework 3: Compound Interest
Compound Interest
1. If $1,800 is deposited into an account earning 6% interest, how much will be in the account at
the end of 18 years if the interest is compounded with the following frequencies:
a) quarterly b) weekly
2. Erica was given $300 for her birthday and decided to put it in a savings account that earns
3.75% interest. If she makes no other deposits or withdrawals, find her account balance after
ten years if the interest is compounded with the following frequencies.
a) semiannually b) daily
3. A $2,750 deposit was made to an account earning 2 34 % annual interest compounded

weekly. If no other deposits or withdrawals are made, find the balance of the account after
nine years.
4. Jason saved money over the summer, accumulating $1,700. He opened a savings account
that earns 4% annual interest compounded monthly. If Jason does not deposit or withdrawal
from this account for 12 years, find its balance.
5. In January of 2003, Jaylen deposited $1,450 into an investment account earning 5% interest,
compounded semiannually. If there are no other deposits or withdrawals from the account,
find the total interest earned by the end of December in 2017.

6. In second grade, Eliza was given $500 from her grandparents. This money was deposited into
a savings account which earns 3% annual interest, compounded quarterly. Find the account
balance at graduation if there are no other deposits or withdrawals from the account.
Continuous Compound Interest

7. M oises was given a $1,500 signing bonus at his new job. He is going to invest this money in an
account that earns 6% interest, compounded continuously. Find the account balance after
ten years.
8. Suppose $2,800 is deposited into an account at a 2.5% interest rate, compounded

continuously. If there are no other deposits or withdrawals, find the account balance after 25
years.
9. Find the balance of an account after seven years if $600 is deposited and the interest rate is
11.25% per year, compounded continuously and no other deposits or withdrawals are made.
10. Jacquie wants to invest $2,000 into an 18-year college fund for her new child. Option A has a
6% annual interest rate, compounded bimonthly. Option B has a 7.5% interest rate,
compounded continuously. Determine which account is the better investment, and find how
much more money she will earn by using that option.

Name: ______________________________________________ Pre-Calculus
Date: ___________________________Per: _________ Unit 4: Exponential & Logarithmic Functions
Quiz 4-1: Exponential Functions

Directions: Graph each function and identify its key characteristics.
x3
1. f ( x)  2 5
Domain:
Range:
y-int: Asymptote:
End Behavior:
x 2
1 1
2. f ( x)   
84 Domain:
Range:
y-int: Asymptote:
End Behavior:
x
3
3. f ( x)    7
2 Domain:
Range:
y-int: Asymptote:
End Behavior:

x 1
4. f ( x)  3e 4
Domain:
Range:
y-int: Asymptote:
End Behavior:
5. Annual sales for a restaurant were $575,000 in 2006. Since then,

5. ______________________________
the sales increased at a rate of 3% per year. Write and use an
exponential model to find the sales in 2018.
6. ______________________________
7. ______________________________
6. Jack bought a new boat for $36,000. The value of the boat 8. _______________________________
continuously depreciates at a rate of 15%. Find the value of
9. _______________________________
the boat after 5 years.
10. _______________________________
7. A fruit fly population, P, in a small habitat after t days is given by

the equation below. How many fruit flies are there on day 20?
215
P(t ) 
1 52e 0.43t
8. Rick deposited $5,000 in an investment account that earns 6% interest compounded

monthly. If he makes no other deposits or withdrawals, find the total amount in the
account after 18 years.
9. When Laura started her career at the age of 24, she deposited $800 into a savings account
that earns 8.75% interest compounded semiannually. If she makes no other deposits or
withdrawals, find the total amount in the account when she retires at the age of 65.
10. If $12,000 is invested in an account in which the interest earned is continuously

compounded at a rate of 2.5%, find the totally amount in the account after 15 years.
Assume there are no other deposits or withdrawals.

Name: Date:
____________________________________________________
_______________
Topic: Class:
____________________________________________________ ________________________________
_______________ ________________________________
___
A logarithm (log) is another way of writing exponents.
What is a Logarithmic Form Exponential Form
LOGARITHM? logb a = x
Read as “log base b of a equals x.”
COMMON A logarithm with base 10 is called a common

logarithm and can be written without the base.
log10 x
LOGARITHM
Write each equation in exponential form.
Converting 1. log7 49  2 2. log2 32  5
BETWEEN
FORMS 3. log 1000  3 1
4. log4  3
64
1 3
5. log8 2  6. log9 27 
3 2
Write each equation in logarithmic form.

7. 52  25 8. 80  1
1 1
9. 34  10. 12 2  2 3
81
1 3
11. 101  12. 16 4  8
10
Evaluate the following logarithms using your knowledge of exponents.

Evaluating 13. log6 36 14. log2 128
LOGARITHMS
1 16. log16 2
15. log
100
1 18. log8 1
17. log3
27
Some logarithms are not as easy to

CHANGE OF evaluate as those above, and will require logb a 
BASE FORMULA the change of base formula.
Approximate each logarithm using the change of base formula.

Choose BASE 10
because there 19. log5 34 20. log2 98
is a calculator
button for it!
21. log20 4 22. log6 2
23. log3 225 1

24. log8
2
A logarithm with base e is called a

NATURAL natural logarithm and is written as ln.
loge x
LOGARITHM
Write each equation in exponential form.
25. ln x  4 26. ln 10  x
Write each equation in logarithmic form.

27. e x  50 28. e0.5  x
Approximate the value of each expression.

Use the ln button 29. ln 64 1
30. ln
on the calculator 3
to evaluate
natural logarithms.
BASE 10 because
Date: __________________________ Per: ______ Homework 4: Introduction to Logarithms
Directions: Write each equation in exponential form.

1. log3 27  3 2. ln 8  x 3
3. log49 343 
2
1 1 2
4. log  1 5. log24 2 6  6. ln x 
10 2 5
Directions: Write each equation in logarithmic form.

1
1 9. e7  x
7. 812  9 8. 82 
64
  11. e x  21
4 3
10. 3 2  324  1
12.    125
5
Directions: Evaluate each logarithm. Use the change of base formula when necessary.
13. log3 81 14. log11 1 15. ln 74
1 17. log32 2 18. log 1 64

16. log49
7 4
19. log18 124 20. ln12 21. log9 63
22. ln 247 23. log14 3 24. log64 256

Name: Date:
____________________________________________________
_______________
Topic: Class:
____________________________________________________ ________________________________
_______________ ________________________________
___
Condense into a single logarithm.
1. log3 9  log3 5 2. log 6  log ( x  3) 3. ln 4 x 2  ln 3 x 3
PRODUCT
Property
logb (m  n) 
Expand using the product property.
4. log 72 9 6. log5 ( x2  4)
5. ln
10
Condense into a single logarithm.

7. ln 96  ln 6 8. log (8 x )  log (4 x )
10 2
9. log7 40  log7 5
QUOTIENT
Property
m
logb   
n Expand using the quotient property.
10. log3 8 3  x 7
11. ln 12. log  
4  x 1
Condense into a single logarithm. Simplify if possible.

13. 3  log 6 1 15. ( x  1)  ln 4
POWER 14.
2
 log4 81
Property
logb m n 
Expand using the power property.
16. log2 5
x 3
17. ln 2 x  1 1
18. log6
64

USING THE PROPERTIES OF LOGARITHMS
Directions: Condense each expression into a single logarithm.
19. 2  log4 9  3  log4 2 20. log 80  2  log 4
CONDENSING LOGS
21. 3  ln ( pq)  4  ln ( pq )
2
1 6 3
22. (log5 x  log5 x )
2
2  1 1
23.  ln 64  2  ln 8 24. 2  log 15   log 
3  2 9
1 3 1 2
25. log 72  (2  log 4  log 32) 26.  log3 a   log3 (16a )
3 2 4
Directions: Expand each logarithm completely.

27. log7 ( xy )
3
 m3 
28. ln  7 
n 
EXPANDING LOGS
3 4
29. log a b  c2 
30. log4  
d 
3 4 2
31. ln (5 p q ) 3
x
32. log2 2
x x

LOGARITHMS Reference Sheet
COMMON LOGARITHM NAUTRAL LOGARITHM
A base 10 logarithm, written as: A base e logarithm, written as:
PROPERTY RULE EXAMPLE 1 EXAMPLE 2

Simplify: Simplify:
BASIC logb 1  logb b 
PROPERTIES log6 1  log4 4 
Condense: Expand:
logb  m  n   log3 8  log3 (3 x)  ln ( x 2  x  2) 
PRODUCT
PROPERTY
m Condense: Expand:

logb    log 80  log 16   x
QUOTIENT n log2  
5
PROPERTY
Condense: Expand:
logb mn  3  ln 9  log7 32 x 
POWER
PROPERTY
Evaluate: Evaluate:
CHANGE log5 138  log14 2 
OF BASE logb a 
FORMULA
Date: __________________________ Per: ______ Homework 5: Properties of Logarithms

1. 3  log2 p  7  log2 q 1
2.  ln 64  ln12
3
1
3.
2

log6 k 9  log6 k 3  4. 5  log8 (c3 d 2 )  3  log8 (cd 7 )
1 2 5
5. 5  log a   log b  4  log c 6.  log2 27   log2 4
2 3 2
7. 4  log x   2  log v  3  log y  1

8.
3
ln(64)  ln(8 x3 ) 
1 3 10. log(4 x)  2  log( x  3)

9.  log3 (9x)   log3 (4 x3 )
2 2

11. log7 4 5w  2 3r 2
12. ln
r 8
a3 b 14. log3 ( x2  10 x  24)

13. log5
c4
3
2j 16. log6 3mn8
15. log4  5 
k 
17. log3 (7 g 9h5 )2 y

18. log
4y  8
3
x4 y7 20. ln(u 3  8)
19. log2
z

Name: Date:
___________________________________________________ _________________________________
________________ _________________________________
Topic: Class:
_
___________________________________________________ _________________________________
________________ _________________________________
_
A logarithmic function is the inverse of an exponential function.
Using your graphing calculator, sketch the following graphs:
LOGARITHMIC
FUNCTION
f(x ) = log x f(x) = 10x
b is the base of
the function
To graph a logarithmic function, you can use the inverse

exponential function, then invert the values from the table
to graph the logarithmic function.
Directions: Graph each function and identify its key characteristics.
1. f ( x)  log3 x
Domain:
Range:
x-intercept:
Asymptote:
End Behavior:
2. f ( x)  log 1 x Domain:
2
Range:
x-intercept:
Asymptote:
End Behavior:

3. f ( x)  ln x
Domain:
Range:
x-intercept:
Asymptote:
End Behavior:
4. f ( x)  log 1 x  1 Domain:
3
Range:
x-intercept:
Asymptote:
End Behavior:
5. f ( x)   log2 ( x  2) Domain:
Range:
x-intercept:
Asymptote:
End Behavior:

6. f ( x)  log4 ( x  5)  2
Domain:
Range:
x-intercept:
Asymptote:
End Behavior:
7. f ( x)  log 1 ( x)  3 Domain:
2
Range:
x-intercept:
Asymptote:
End Behavior:
8. f ( x)  3  ln x  1 Domain:
Range:
x-intercept:
Asymptote:
End Behavior:

EXPONENTIAL VS. LOGARITHMIC Functions
1 f ( x)  3 x  2  1 Domain: f ( x)  log3 ( x  1)  2 Domain:
Range: Range:
y-intercept: x-intercept:
Asymptote: Asymptote:
Inc. Interval: Inc. Interval:
Dec. Interval: Dec. Interval:
End Behavior: End Behavior:
2  1
x
f ( x)   log 1 ( x  5)
f ( x)     5 Domain: Domain:
2 2
Range: Range:

3 f ( x)  23 ( x 1)  4 1
Domain:
f ( x)  log ( x  4)  1 Domain:
3 2
Range: Range:
4 1
f ( x)   e x  3 f ( x)  ln(-4 x)  3
4 Domain: Domain:
Range: Range:

Date: _____________________ Per: _______ Homework 6: Graphing Logarithmic Functions

1. f ( x)  log2 x Domain:
Range:
x-intercept:
Asymptote:
End Behavior:
2. f ( x)  2  log 1 x Domain:
4
Range:
x-intercept:
Asymptote:
End Behavior:
3. f ( x)   ln( x  5) Domain:
Range:
x-intercept:
Asymptote:
End Behavior:

4. f ( x)  log3 ( x  2)  4 Domain:
Range:
x-intercept:
Asymptote:
End Behavior:
5. f ( x)  5  log( x) Domain:
Range:
x-intercept:
Asymptote:
End Behavior:
6. f ( x)  log 1 ( x  1)  2 Domain:
3
Range:
x-intercept:
Asymptote:
End Behavior:

Quiz 4-2: Logarithms

Write each expression in exponential form.
1 1.
1. log2 = −5 2. log x = 3
32
2. ____________________
3. ____________________
Write each expression in logarithmic form.
3. 16 = 4 4. e7 = x 4. ____________________
5.
6.
Evaluate. Use the change of base formula when necessary.
1
5. log3 243 6. log6 7.
6
8.
7. log64 4 8. log7 200 9.
10.
9. log12 3 10. ln 60 11.
12.
13.
Condense into a single logarithm. DO NOT EVALUATE.
1
11. 5  log5 4 − log5 16 12. (ln 27 + 2  ln 8) 14.
3
1 2
13. 2  log3 (4k ) + 4  log3 k 14.  log2 (9 x16 ) −  log2 (8 x 3 )
2 3

Expand each logarithm completely.
4 x 3
1  5
15. log 7  m5  16. log2  
2  4 15.
16. ____________________________________
17. ____________________________________
9a16 18. ____________________________________

17. ln 3 p 2 q 18. log
b2
Graph each function and identify its key characteristics.
19. f ( x)  log5 ( x  1)  1
Domain:
Range:
x-int: Asymptote:
End Behavior:
1
20. f ( x)    ln( x  3)
2
Domain:
Range:
x-int: Asymptote:
End Behavior:

Name: Date:
____________________________________________________
_______________
Topic: Class:
____________________________________________________ ________________________________
_______________ ________________________________
___
Steps to solve an exponential equation using a common base:
Solving 1 Rewrite the equation using a common base.
2 Use the properties of exponents to simplify each side of the equation.
3 Use the one-to-one property: If b x  b y , then

(using a common base)
4 Solve!
1. 32 x9  37 2. e4 w1  e52 w
WITH A
COMMON BASE
(
3. 5c 1  53 c  2  57c 16
2
4. 8 k k
 82 k 9  84 k  811
5. 94 y  26  81 1 2
6.  4a 4
64
WITHOUT A
COMMON BASE
7. 2m9  32m 3  1
4 x3
2
8.    12 x  122 x 13
 12 

 1
n4
10. 82 v  128v  3
9. 343 2 n 4
 
 49 
11. 9 p  2432 p 6  1
2 x 2 6
 1
2 x2  5
12.    
4  64 
1 1
13. 362 r   216 14. 25a  625a 3 
36 25
x 7 4 3y 5 y2
 1  1 y2  1   1
15.    64 x5
  16. 512     
 16   32   64   8 

Date: _____________________ Per: _______ Homework 7: Solving Exponential Equations

(using a common base)
Directions: Solve each equation using a common base.

1. 73 y8  713 2. 105 x 6  10 x 12
3. 3 p 7  32 p 1  38 p 36
2
4. ek 9
 e  k  e2 k  5  e3 k  4
5. 43 w7  1611 6. 892 x  323 x
u2  8 c 4
 1 u2 3  1 
7.    125 8.    34  3 c 9
5  27 

9. 94 a  2432 a  3 10. 16m1  643 m
2 k k 2 2 2
 1   1  12. 492 x 3
 343x 5
11.    
 216   36 
1  1 
2 y 3
14. 257 p 2  62532 p  1
13. 16 3 y
  
8  32 
2w 2
 1 1
16. 4a  162 a  642a
15.    27  812
 81

Name: Date:
____________________________________________________
_______________
Topic: Class:
____________________________________________________ ________________________________
_______________ ________________________________
___
1 Condense the logarithms on each side of the equation.
Solving 2 Use the one-to-one property: If logb x  logb y , then
3 Solve and check for extraneous solutions.
Directions: Solve each equation. Check for extraneous solutions.

1. log3 (7 x  1)  log3 (5 x  17) 2. ln (k 2  4k )  ln (k  14)
Type 1:
log = log
3. log 4  log (c  3)  log 8 1

4. log7 ( w  6)  log7 (5w  3)   log7 8
3
1 3
5. log4 (4 p  3)   log4 (16 p 4 ) 6. 2  ln(a  1)  (ln 80  ln 5)
2 2

1 Condense and isolate the logarithm.
Solving 2 Rewrite the equation in exponential form.

7. log2 (3 x  4)  7 8. ln 2a  9
Type 2:
log = number
9. log6 ( w  7)  5  3 10. 2  log9 (k  2k )  4  5

2
11. log4 (2v  3)  log4 (2v  3)  2 1

12.  ln 27  ln( x  5)  4
3
13. log2 (n  3)  log2 (n  1)  5 14. log2 c  log2 (3c  5)  2

2

Date: _____________________ Per: _______ Homework 8: Solving Logarithmic Equations

1. log7 (6a  4)  log7 (9a  5) 2. log6 (3 x  11)  log6 2  log6 (4 x  8)
3. ln(m  3)  ln(2m  1)  ln 4 4. log4 (2 p 2  3 p)  log4 ( p 2  10)
1 6. log 6  log( 2 y  3)  log 4

5.  ln(16q 8 )  ln 3  ln 24
4
3 8. log8 (w  12)  log8 (w)  3  log8 4

7. log5 (3 k  12)   (log5 405  log5 5)
4

9. log6 (11p  18)  3 10. 2  log2 (3 x  7)  10
11. ln(4u )  3  5 1 2
12.  log27 (5c  6) 
2 3
13. 2  log(2a  1)  0 1
14. ln 2  ln( k  4) 
3
15. log2 (2 w2 )  log2 ( w  3)  3 1

16. log12 ( n  14)   log12 (4 n 2 )  2
2

Name: Date:
____________________________________________________
_______________
Topic: Class:
____________________________________________________ ________________________________
_______________ ________________________________
___
If using a common base is not possible, exponential equations can be
solved using logarithms.
Solving
1 Isolate the exponential expression.
2 Take the logarithm of each side.
3 Expand the logarithms if necessary using the power rule.

(using logarithms)
1. 3  80 2. e  140
x x
x1 2 x 5
3. 5  18  1
4.    120
3
3x 4 x
5. e  25  108 6. 2  8  50

2 x6 8. 2  4
2 x 7
 9  55
7.  2  1  41
3
x5 x 2 2 x 1 x3
9. 2 3 10. 8 5
x 3 3 x2 2 x 5 x4
11. 4  11 12. 9 2

Date: _____________________ Per: _______ Homework 9: Solving Exponential Equations

(using logarithms)
Directions: Solve each exponential equation using logarithms.

1. 7q  15 2. 222 x  9
r 8 m 6
2 7 4. e 4
3.   
3 4
5. 5  62 k 9  14 6. 134 a  9  4
2 6 y 5 8. 8  1114 p  9  41
7. e  14
7

9. −6 + 7  10
2 n −5
= 78 4 −3 y
10.  e + 7 = 35
9
11. 5c −2 = 82 c 12. 6k + 4 = 21−3 k
13. 2 p +1 = 73 p −5 14. 42 m + 4 = 104 m +7

Review!
LOGARITHMIC EQUATIONS
1. log7 ( x  13)  log7 (3  x) 2. log2 (n2  13)  log2 (n  1)  log2 (n  3)
1 4. log(3c  4)  log(c  6)  log(c  6)

3. 2  ln(a  3)   ln16  ln(a  7)
4
5. log2 (5v  23)  9  2 1

6. log16 ( p  5)  log16 ( p  2) 
2
7. ln(r  1)  3  ln 2  7 1
8.  log9 64  2  log9 n  2
3

EXPONENTIAL EQUATIONS
2 x 6 m4
 1 x 1 3 m 1  1 m2
9.   9 10. 4    32
 27  8
w1 3 r 2
11. 5  90 12. e  16  120
13. 4  9
2k 5
 14  6 2 m8
14.  5  9  21
3
4 x 1 x 5 2 x3 15  2 x
15. 3 8 16. 4 7

Date: _____________________ Per: _______ Homework 10: Logarithmic & Exponential Equations

1. log11(4 y  7)  log11(15  2 y) 1
2. log4 ( p  5)   log4 (1 p)
2
3. log7 (2 x  1)  log7 (3 x  8)  log7 5 4. ln (n  7)  ln (n  2)  ln 6
5. log5 (7k  3)  4  6 6. 2  log4 (c  1)  log4 2  3
3 1
7. log16 9  2  log16 a  8.  ln 256  ln u  6
2 4

9. 2432 p  9 p2  1 
3 n
10.    125n  2
 625 
11. 32 r 5  14 12. 5  1713 x  20
2 5v 14. 3  42 y9  11  4
13. 4 8  4
5
15. 3c 6  42 c 16. 82 k  3  63 k 1

Name: Date:
____________________________________________________
_______________
Topic: Class:
____________________________________________________ ________________________________
_______________ ________________________________
___
1. M ark started a new blog to write about his travels. In its initial week,
the blog had 800 readers. From this point on, the number of readers
each week increased by 25%. Use an exponential growth model to
find the week in which the number of visitors reaches 10,000 people.
Applications
2. A new stock entered the stock market in January 2012 at $0.72 per
share. Four years later, the price per share was $3.85. Using a
continuous exponential growth model, find the growth rate.
3. A certain medicine has a half-life of 5 hours. If a patient is given 500-

mg at noon, at what time will they have 100-mg remaining in their
bloodstream?
4. The growth of a plant can be modeled by the equation below where

h is the height of the plant (in centimeters) and t is the number of
weeks since the seed was planted. How many weeks will it take the
plant to reach a height of 50 centimeters?
250
h
Applications 1 12e
0.72 t

5. A small lake is stocked with a certain species of fish. The fish
population is modeled by the equation below, where P is the number
of fish in thousands, and t is the number of years since the lake was
stocked. How many years will it take the fish population to reach
6,000 fish?
8
P 0.7 t
1 3e
6. If $500 is deposited into a retirement account that pays an annual

interest rate of 4% compounded quarterly, how long will it take the
account to reach a balance of $1,200 if there are no other deposits
and withdrawals?
Applications
7. Dave deposited $500 into a savings account. After 15 years, the

account balance had tripled with no other deposits or withdrawals.
Assuming the interest compounds continuously, find the interest rate.
8. Scarlet invested $8,000 in an account that pays 7.5% interest per

year, compounded continuously. How long will it take the account
to reach $10,000?

Date: _____________________ Per: _______ Homework 11: Applications with Equations

1. An online sales store started its business with 15 sales per week. If their sales increased by 18% each
week, use an exponential growth model to find the week in which they exceeded 1,000 sales per
week.
2. A certain chemical has a half-life of 3 days. If 750 ounces are initially used and 100 ounces are
remaining, how many days have passed?
3. The average price of gas in 2006 in a Texas city was $3.92. In 2017, the average price was $2.36.
Using a continuous exponential decay model, find its decay rate.
4. A flu epidemic has hit a local day care facility. The population of sick children is represented in the
equation below where P is the number of sick children, and t is the number of days since the first
child was diagnosed. How many days will it take for 50 children to catch the flu?
110
P
1 7e 0.22 t

5. The weight of a Doberman puppy can be modeled by the equation below where w is the weight of
the puppy (in pounds) and t is the number of weeks since the puppy was born. How many weeks will
it take the Doberman to reach a weight of 75 pounds?
95
w=
1+ 23e−0.15t
6. A deposit of $1000 is made to an account that accrues interest compounded continuously. After 14
years, the account has a balance of $2857.65. If there are no additional deposits or withdrawals, find
the interest rate.
7. A retirement account was opened with a $900 deposit. If the account earns 4.25% interest
compounded continuously and has no other deposits or withdrawals, how long will it take the value
to double?
8. Sarah opened a savings account with a $725 deposit. This account earns 3.5% annual interest
compounded twice each month. How long will It take her account to reach a balance of $2000 if
there are no other deposits or withdrawals?

Quiz 4-3: Logarithmic & Exponential Equations

Part I: Logarithmic Equations
1. log6 ( x 2  6 x)  log6 (45  2 x) 2. log 5  log( x  4)  log(5 x  2) 1. ________________________
2. ________________________
3. ________________________
4. ________________________
5. ________________________
1
3.  ln(16 x 4 )  ln 27  ln 3 4. log12 (7 x  11)  3  5
2 6. ________________________
7. ________________________
8. ________________________
5. ln 2  ln( x  7)  8 6. log2 ( x  4)  log2 ( x  2)  4
Part II: Exponential Equations

x5 x2 x2
 1  1   1
7.    125 x  9 8.   9
3 x8
 
5  27   81

5 n 1
9. 6 x 3  500 10. e  40  14 9. ________________________
10. ________________________
11. ________________________
12. ________________________
13. ________________________
4n
 1 14. ________________________
11. 3    60  12 x2
12. 6  4
3 x 4
2
15. ________________________
Part III: Applications

13. An ant population began with 30 ants. From this point, the population continuously
increased by 4% each hour. Based on this model, how many hours will it take the
population to reach 100 ants?
14. Students at a small college started coming down with a highly contagious virus. After t
days, the number of people, P, who have been infected by the virus is modeled by
the equation below. How long will it take the virus to spread to 500 people?
5000
P
1 200e 0.39t
15. Jaye deposited $1,200 into a new savings account. After six years, the balance was
$1507.30 with no other deposits or withdrawals. If the interest is compounded continuously,
find the interest rate.

Name: Date:
____________________________________________________
_______________
Topic: Class:
____________________________________________________ ________________________________
_______________
________________________________
___
Regression takes a set of data and creates an equation that best fits
the data. The shape of the data will determine which regression model
is used. Sketch the nonlinear regression models below.
EXPONENTIAL POWER LOGISTIC LOGARITHMIC
Models
c
y  ab x y  axb y y  a  b  ln x
1 ae bx
1. The population of a city, in thousands, from 1995 through 2000 is shown
to the left. Use exponential regression to write an equation to model the
data, then find the year in which the population will reach 80,000
Year Population
people.
1995 54.5
1996 55.6
1997 56.2
1998 56.9
1999 57.6
2000 58.5
2. The body weight (in pounds) and the pulse rate (in beats per minute) of
Weight Pulse a group of animals is shown to the left. Use power regression to write an
0.5 415 equation to model the data, then estimate the pulse rate of a 225-
pound animal.
0.7 290
4.5 210
11 125
65 88
110 72
155 75
3. The table to the left shows the temperature each minute after an oven is
set. Use logistic regression to write an equation to model the data, then
Minutes Temperature estimate the time it will take the oven to reach a temperature of 425° F.
1 77
2 98
3 124
4 152
5 185

4. The table to the left shows the enrollment at a new community college in
Year Enrollment each of its first 8 years. Use logarithmic regression to write an equation to
model the data, then estimate the enrollment of the college in its 15th
1 867
year.
2 1753
3 2272
4 2639
5 2925
6 3158
7 3355
8 3526
5. Once a new lake was filled, it was stocked with catfish. The table to the
left shows the expected population of catfish in the lake each month
thereafter. Use logistic regression to write an equation to model the
Month Catfish data, then estimate the catfish population in the lake eight months after
it was stocked.
1 140
2 162
3 187
4 215
5 248
6. The table below shows y, the average price of a gallon of gas at a gas
station in years since 2001, x. Determine whether a logarithmic or
exponential function would best model the data. Then, find the year in
Choosing the which the price of gas will reach $3.25.
x y
1 $1.38
To determine the 2 $1.65

best model, use the 3 $1.95
correlation coefficient, r.
The closer r is to -1 or 1, 4 $2.32
the better the fit. 5 $2.95
7. The table below shows x, the wingspan (in feet) compared to y, the
weight (in pounds) of five birds. Determine whether an exponential or
power function would best fit the data. Then, estimate the weight of a
bird with a wing span of 5 feet.
x y
1.7 0.21
2.4 0.56
3.5 1.6
7.2 12.0
9.3 24.7

Date: _____________________ Per: _______ Homework 12: Nonlinear Regression
1. At the end of 2005, Marissa placed $750 into a new savings account, but then made no other
deposits or withdrawals. The table below shows the balance of the account at the end of each year,
beginning with the initial deposit. Use exponential regression to write an equation to model the data,
then find the year in which her balance reaches $2,000.
Year Balance
2005 $750.00
2006 $794.79
2007 $842.25
2008 $892.54
2009 $945.84
2. The table below shows the annual sales of a company, in thousands of dollars, in each of its first six
years. Use power regression to write an equation to model the data, then find the sales of the
company in its 10th year.
Year Sales
1 157
2 238
3 304
4 361
5 412
6 460
3. The table below shows average United States life expectancy, in years, since 1900. Use logistic
regression to write an equation to model the data, then estimate the average life expectancy in
2014.
Year Expectancy
10 50.0
20 54.1
30 59.7
40 62.9
50 68.2
60 69.7

4. In 1996, a group of foxes were relocated to a new wildlife preserve. The table below shows the
population of foxes in years since 1996. Use logarithmic regression to write an equation to model the
data, then determine how long it would take the population to reach 200.
Year Population
1 87
2 116
3 131
4 145
5 154
5. The table below shows the height of a tree, in inches, during its first 6 years. Use logistic regression
to write an equation to model the data, then determine how long it will take the tree to reach a
height of 9 feet.
Year Height
1 37.1
2 41.9
3 48.7
4 60.2
5 68.4
6 75.5
6. The table below shows the length of a cobra, in inches, for the first five years of its life. Determine
whether a logarithmic or exponential function would best model the data, then determine how long
it will take the cobra to reach a length of 90 inches.
Age Length
1 16
2 34
3 53
4 65
5 71
7. The table below shows the number of smartphone owners, in millions, in the number of years since
2010. Determine whether an exponential or power function would best model the data, then
determine the number of smartphone owners in 2028.
Years Users
1 1.6
2 7.1
3 18.2
4 33.9
5 52.7
6 85.8

Unit 4 Test Study Guide Name: __________________________________________
(Exponential &
Date: ____________________________ Per: __________
Logarithmic Functions)
Topic 1: Graphing Exponential & Logarithmic Functions
x 1
 1 Domain:
1. f ( x)     4
3
Range:
y-intercept:
Asymptote:
End Behavior:
2 2 ( x 1) Domain:
2. f ( x)  e 5
3
Range:
y-intercept:
Asymptote:
End Behavior:
3. f ( x)  3  2( x 2)  6 Domain:
Range:
y-intercept:
Asymptote:
End Behavior:

Topic 2: Exponential vs. Logarithmic Form
4. f ( x)  log3 ( x  4)  2 Domain:
Range:
x-intercept:
Asymptote:
End Behavior:
5. f ( x)   log 1  3( x  1)   1 Domain:
2
Range:
x-intercept:
Asymptote:
End Behavior:
7
6. f ( x)   ln(  x)  3 Domain:
4
Range:
x-intercept:
Asymptote:
End Behavior:

Topic 3: Evaluating Logarithms
Directions: Rewrite each equation in exponential form.
7. log3 81  4 8. log 1 32  5 9. ln 8  2.08
2
Directions: Rewrite each equation in logarithmic form.

7
11. e4  54.6 12. 104  10, 000
10. 4 2  128
Directions: Evaluate the following. Use the change of base formula when necessary.
13. log4 1 14. log 1 625
5
15. log12 6 16. log8 61
Topic 4: Properties of Logarithms, Condensing & Expanding Logarithms

17. 4 log3 x  2 log3 y 1
18. (log7 64  2 log7 27)
3
1 20. 2  log( x  4)  log(3 x)

19.   ln 64  5  ln k   4  ln m
2

21. log2 3 4 x  5 3a7 c
22. log4
5

5 u 
3
24. ln(3 x2  2 x  8)
23. log  2 
 w 
 
Topic 5: Solving Logarithmic Equations

Directions: Solve each equation, rounding to the nearest ten-thousandths place when
necessary. Check for extraneous solutions.
25. log(3 x2  4 x)  log(2 x2  12) 26. log9 12  log9 (k  5)  log9 (k  6)
1 11
27.  log5 (5c  9)  log5 3  log5 2 28. log8 (7  5 w)  2 
2 3
1 30. 3  log6 (2h2  14h)  9  15

29. ln(2 r  3)   ln 9  7
2
Topic 6: Solving Exponential Equations

Directions: Solve each equation, rounding to the nearest ten-thousandths place when
2 u
 1  1
31.    4 3 d  1 32. 243     275u
2 9

33. 183 n  4  49 34. 6  e x 2  5  144
35. 5  7  92 r 7  20 36. 52 x 1  3 x 7
Topic 7: Applications (Exponential Growth & Decay, Logistic Growth, Compound Interest)
37. Kevin started his new job with a salary of $26,550. Every year, he receives a 3.15% increase in his
salary. Write and use a continuous exponential growth function to find his salary after 20 years.
38. A 2018 Chevy Tahoe was purchased for $62,625. After 5 years, the vehicle has a value of $35,000.
Write and use a continuous exponential decay function to find the rate of depreciation.
39. A contagious disease started to spread around an apartment complex. After t days, the number
of people who have been infected by the disease is modeled by the function below. Using the
function, determine how many days it will take for 150 people to become infected.
350
f (t ) 
1 4e 0.07t

40. Sharon invests $2,300 into an account that earns 4.25% interest compounded weekly. Assuming
there are no other deposits or withdrawals, find the balance in the account after 18 years.
Topic 8: Nonlinear Regression

41. On January 1, 2013, a deposit of $600 was made into a new investment account. The table
below shows the balance of the account on the first of each successive year, and no other
deposits or withdrawals were made. Use exponential regression to model the data, then
determine what year the account will earn $4,000.
Year Balance
2013 $600.00
2014 $675.11
2015 $771.64
2016 $865.79
2017 $980.26
42. The table below shows the gym membership sales in each of its first six weeks. Use logarithmic
regression to write an equation to model the data, then find the number of gym memberships
sold in the 20 weeks.
Weeks Members
1 162
2 187
3 199
4 211
5 220
43. A population of fish is deposited into a local lake. Determine whether an exponential or power
model best fits the data, then use the equation to approximate the number of fish after one-half
of a year.
Weeks Population
1 78
2 92
3 100
4 106
5 113
6 118

Name: _________________________________________________
Unit 4 Test
Date: ___________________________________ Per: _________ Exponential & Logarithmic Functions
For questions 1-6, graph each function and identify all key characteristics.
1. f ( x)  3 x  4  2 Domain:
Range:
y-intercept:
Asymptote:
Increasing Interval(s):
Decreasing Interval(s):
End Behavior:
x
 1 Domain:
2. f ( x)  4     5
2
Range:
y-intercept:
Asymptote:
End Behavior:
1 ( x 1)
3. f ( x)  e 2 7 Domain:
Range:
y-intercept:
Asymptote:
End Behavior:

4. f ( x)  log2 ( x  5)  1 Domain:
Range:
x-intercept:
Asymptote:
End Behavior:
5. f ( x)  log 1 (2 x)  1 Domain:

3
Range:
x-intercept:
Asymptote:
End Behavior:
3 Domain:
6. f ( x)    ln ( x  2)  3
2
Range:
x-intercept:
Asymptote:
End Behavior:

7. Fill in the boxes below to create an equation 8. Which equation is equivalent to ln (x + 2) = 5?
equivalent to the equation x3 = 40.
x2
A. e  5
log x  x B. 5  x  2
e
C. ( x  2)  5
e
5
D. e  x  2
9. Which two logarithms below are equivalent? Check the two equivalent expressions, then write
their value in the box.
2 1 1
(-- log 8 (-- log2 (-- log16
2
27 3 8
Equivalent Value:
(-- log81 3 (-- log2 16 (-- log64 4
10. Evaluate the expression below. 11. Approximate the value of log15 4 to the
nearest ten-thousandths place.
 1
log2 128  log6  
 36 
For questions 12-13, condense each expression into a single logarithm.
12. log7 3  2  log7 ( x  1) 2

13. (9  ln 2  ln 8)
3
14. Which expressions are equivalent to given below? Check all that apply.
ln (4 x)2
1
(-- ln 4  2  ln x (-- (ln 32  2  ln x)  ln 2 (-- 2
 ln 256  2  ln x
1
(-- 2  (ln 4  ln x) (-- 2
 (ln 4  ln x) (-- 2  (ln 8  ln x)  ln 4

15. Write a value in the box below that makes 16. Completely expand the logarithm below.
the equation true.
 3 a2b 
ln  
 c 
1
log3 18  2  log3 6   log3 16
4
For questions 17-24, solve each equation. Round to the nearest ten-thousandths place when
17. log (3 x  1)  log ( x  5)  log ( x  4) 1
18.  log7 (3 p  13)  log7 2  log7 4
2
19. 2  log5 r  log5 9  2 20. 2  ln (2 w  3)  10
k 3k m1
 1 k 4  1 22. 3  12  23  2
21.    27   
9  81

1 4 x −3 24. 2v + 8 = 32 v −1
23. e =8
2
25. A new app was downloaded 175 times in its first week. Since then, the number of downloads
increased by 16.5% each week. Use a continuous exponential growth model to approximate
the number of times the app was downloaded in its 12th week.
26. A pizza is removed from the oven at a temperature of 425° F. After 15 minutes, the pizza has
cooled to 200 ° F. Use a continuous exponential decay model to find the approximate decay
rate.
27. A wildlife organization released a group of animals that are an endangered species into a
preserve. The equation below models the population, P, of the species t months after the
initial release. How many months will it take the population to reach 600 animals?
1500
P= −0.15 t
1 + 8e

Use for questions 28-29: Kale invested $1,500 in an account with an interest rate of 6.5%.
28. What will be the account balance in 20 29. How many years will it take the balance
years if the interest is compounded to reach $10,000 if the interest is
monthly? (Assume no other deposits or withdrawals.) compounded continuously? (Assume no other
deposits or withdrawals.)
30. The table below gives y, the number of cellphone subscribers in millions from 1992 to 1998
where x is the number of years since 1991. Determine whether an exponential or power model
best fits the data, then use an equation to approximate the number of subscribers in 2015.
x 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
y 8.9 12.6 18.4 26.8 39.2 57.2 83.5

 Exponential
 Power
31. The table below shows the expected population, in thousands, of bacteria cultured in a petri
dish. Use a logistic model to estimate the population of the bacteria after 36 hours.
Hour 4 8 12 16 20 24
Population 18.7 27.8 41.3 61.2 90.4 133.1
32. The table below shows the distance certain tornados traveled related to the wind speed near
the center of its funnel. Use a logarithmic model to estimate the wind speed of a tornado
that traveled 3 miles.
Distance (mi) 0.5 0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75

Wind Speed (mph) 35 52 66 73 82 87

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PRE-CALCULUS Unit

Created by: ALL THINGS ALGEBRA®

You can also find me here:

Thank you for

DAY 5 Quiz 4-1 None

DAY 9 Quiz 4-2 None

DAY 10 Solving Exponential Equations (using a common base) HW #7

DAY 11 Solving Logarithmic Equations HW #8

DAY 12 Solving Exponential Equations using Logs HW #9

DAY 13 Review Logarithmic & Exponential Equations HW #10

DAY 14 Applications with Solving Equations HW #11

DAY 15 Quiz 4-3 None

© Gina Wilson (All Things Algebra®, LLC), 2017

© Gina W ilson (All Things Algebra ®, LLC), 2017

• e is an ______________________________ ______________________ with an

Natural Base approximate value of ______________________________________.

© Gina W ilson (All Things Algebra ®, LLC), 2017

EXPONENTIAL f ( x  h) shifts right

FUNCTIONS stretch when a > 1

© Gina W ilson (All Things Algebra ®, LLC), 2017

© Gina W ilson (All Things Algebra ®, LLC), 2017

© Gina W ilson (All Things Algebra ®, LLC), 2017

Date: _____________________ Per: _______ Homework 1: Graphing Exponential Functions

** This is a 2-page document! **

Directions: Graph each function, then identify its key characteristics.

© Gina W ilson (All Things Algebra ®, LLC), 2017

© Gina W ilson (All Things Algebra ®, LLC), 2017

Exponential increases over time.

EXPONENTIAL GROWTH FUNCTION:

2. In 1995, a magazine had 14,000 subscribers. The number of

3. Kate drank an energy beverage with 150 milligrams of caffeine. Each

4. The half-life of Mercury-197 is 3 days. Write and use an exponential

© Gina W ilson (All Things Algebra ®, LLC), 2017

6. The population of a town is declining at a continuous rate of 1.5%. If

Sometimes a quantity exponential increases, y=c

8. The population P, in millions, of a country from 1850 to 2000 is

© Gina W ilson (All Things Algebra ®, LLC), 2017

Date: _________________________ Per: ______ Homework 2: Exponential Growth & Decay

** This is a 2-page document! **

Exponential Growth and Decay

© Gina W ilson (All Things Algebra ®, LLC), 2017

© Gina Wilson (All Things Algebra®, LLC), 2017

2. If $2,500 is deposited into a savings account earning 8% annual

3. When Amelia turned 6, her grandparents opened a college savings

© Gina W ilson (All Things Algebra ®, LLC), 2017

5. In 1990, Carter deposited $1,000 in an investment account that earns

In some cases, interest is compounded FORMULA:

7. Find the balance of an account after 5 years if $1,200 is initially

Option A: 8. Carla is investing $1,500 in a new 30-year retirement account.

© Gina W ilson (All Things Algebra ®, LLC), 2017

Date: __________________________ Per: ______ Homework 3: Compound Interest

** This is a 2-page document! **

3. A $2,750 deposit was made to an account earning 2 34 % annual interest compounded

© Gina W ilson (All Things Algebra ®, LLC), 2017

Continuous Compound Interest

8. Suppose $2,800 is deposited into an account at a 2.5% interest rate, compounded

© Gina W ilson (All Things Algebra ®, LLC), 2017

Quiz 4-1: Exponential Functions

© Gina Wilson (All Things Algebra®, LLC), 2017

5. Annual sales for a restaurant were $575,000 in 2006. Since then,

7. A fruit fly population, P, in a small habitat after t days is given by

8. Rick deposited $5,000 in an investment account that earns 6% interest compounded

10. If $12,000 is invested in an account in which the interest earned is continuously

• e is an ________ with an

Date: _______________ Per: _ Homework 1: Graphing Exponential Functions

This is a 2-page document!

Date: ___________________ Per: Homework 2: Exponential Growth & Decay

This is a 2-page document!

Date: ____________________ Per: Homework 3: Compound Interest

This is a 2-page document!

Date: ____________________ Per: Homework 4: Introduction to Logarithms

Date: ____________________ Per: Homework 5: Properties of Logarithms

This is a 2-page document!

Date: _______________ Per: _ Homework 6: Graphing Logarithmic Functions

This is a 2-page document!