REPUBLIQUE DEMOCRATIQUE DU CONGO

UNIVERSITE DE LUBUMBASHI
ECOLE SUPERIEURE DES INGENIEURS INDUSTRIELS
Département de Génie Electrique

TECHNICAL ENGLISH 2
(Bachelier , 2023-2024)

Par : CC. Cynthia KON

1
The term “technical English” describes a common language
core that is used in a number of technical professions such as
scientists, technicians, technologists, and operators.

Technical English for engineers is especially important today,

Not only does it facilitate communication among native and
non-native speakers of English, it also reduces the risk of errors
and contributes to lower translation costs when the documents
are later professionally translated into other languages.

We can define “technical English” as English language used for

communication among technical or industrial professionals.

2
To understand technical english issues and increase
management, to make business more productive and
adequate in the use of vocabulary and specific functions in
contexts related to the academic field of study and future
professional life.

to develop in students an ability to handle the kind of written

technical English that they will be concerned with as an
integral part of their specialist subjects of interest. In
addition, it presents and practices spoken English and
practical everyday communication in the field of
engineering.
3
The Common European Framework of Reference for Languages
(CEFR)
CEFR is an international standard for describing language ability. It describes
language ability on a six-point scale, from A1 for beginners, up to C2 for those
who have mastered a language.

4
LISTENING B1 I can understand the main points of clear standard speech on familiar matters
regularly encountered in work, school, leisure, etc. …
LISTENING B2 I can understand extended speech and lectures and follow even complex lines of
argument provided the topic is reasonably familiar…
READINGS B1 I can understand texts that consist mainly of high frequency everyday or job-related
language…
READINGS B2 I can read articles and reports concerned with contemporary problems in which the
writers adopt particular attitudes or viewpoints…
SPOKEN B1 I can connect phrases in a simple way in order to describe experiences and events, my
dreams, hopes and ambitions. I can briefly give reasons and explanations for opinions and plans.
I can narrate a story or relate the plotof a book or film and describe my reactions.
SPOKEN B2
I can present clear, detailed descriptions on a wide range of subjects related to my field of interest.
I can explain a viewpoint on a topical issue giving the advantages and disadvantages of various
options.
WRITINGS B1 I can write simple connected text on topics which are familiar or of personal interest.
I can write personal letters describing experiences and impressions…
WRITINGS B2 I can write clear, detailed text on a wide range of subjects related to my interests. I
can write an essay or report, passing on information or giving reasons in support of or against a
particular point of view.
I can write letters highlighting the personal significance of events and experiences. 5
Was developed to provide a
common language for the teachers
to discuss and exchange learning
and assessment methods. Specific
learning outcomes can be derived
from the taxonomy, though it is the
most commonly used to assess
learning on a variety of cognitive
levels.

6
students are expected to have a clear idea on different engineering field and
to situate themselves

Providing learners with the skills and abilities

Communicate in ways that make learners effective to operate confidently

To develop strong conversation & role play skills

To improve vocabulary

lower risk of mistakes and errors

7
ASD-STE100 Simplified Technical English (STE) is an international specification for
the preparation of technical documentation in a controlled language.
The exact rules of Simplified Technical English are laid out in the ASD-
STE100 Dictionary.
In essence, they cover the following aspects:
• sentences should be no more than 20 words (for procedural
sentences) or 25 words long (for descriptive sentences)
• paragraphs should contain no more than six sentences
• any type of slang or jargon should be avoided
• active voice is preferable, passive voice should be avoided
• sequential steps should be written in separate sentence rather than
in one long run-on sentence
• gerunds and present participles should be avoided
• articles “a” and “the” should be used wherever possible
• simple verb tenses are preferable (i.e., past, present, future)
• any instructions should be as specific as possible to avoid ambiguity
• One word = one meaning
• Always remember the audience – the reader – the user 8
9
10
Technical English simplifies the rather complex rules of standard English and replaces
difficult terminology with simpler synonyms. This reduces the overall complexity of the
text and makes the documentation much easier for readers to understand

11
 1. Materials and Process Engineering
2. Civil Engineering
3. Electrical Engineering
4. Computer Science and IOT Engineering
• What Is ?
• Common duties of engineer field
• Jobs in each engineering field
• Vocabulary
• Lecture and objective
• Materials used
• Discussion and Questions

Part 1-GRAMMAR REVISION

Part 2-COMMON UNITS
Part 3-ASD-STE100
Part 4-ENGINEERING FIELD
Part 5-VIDEOS
Part 6-TOPICS
Part 7 –STUDENTS PRESENTATION 12
Which Words can you use ?

13
Technical vocabulary is the specialized vocabulary of any field which evolves due to the
need for experts in a field to communicate with clarify, precision, relevance and brevity .

Ex. Circuit, field , energy

there are words, which are commonly used in the professional world, be it engineering,
science, or technology.

Ex. Algorithms, build, equipment, Estimate, generation, diagnotics

Some words can have high ambiguity which may make them difficult to understand.
Since the exact meaning is not always immediately perceivable. So a word can may have
very different semantic fields and belong to several categories at the same time.

Example • The mechanic cleans the motor

• The electrician cleans a wire 14
EQUIPMENT , MANUFACTURING
1. Nature/function - NOUN
2. Pronunciation - uh·kwip·muhnt / Iˈkwipmənt
3. The verb like the verb of equipment is to equip
4. Meaning/definition - the necessary items for a particular purpose
5. Sentences example
• Accidents can happen due to failure of safety equipment
6. Combinations
1. Adjective+equipment
o The age of equipment – the lastest, modem, up-to-date
o They supply us with latest equipment
o Describe – heavy , portable
o The oil company will ship out the heavy equipment
o basic, standard; necessary, vital
2. Verb+equipment buy , sell, use , provide , supply, purchase
o We need a company to supply equipment on the monthly basis
3. equipment + verb – install , operate, test, need, require, upgrade
o We need to install the equipment before use it
o The equipment consists of checking water
4. Preposition
15
o For - for keeping the temperature
 PART1 - GRAMMAR REVISION
English Alphabets

A ei B bii C cii D dii E ii F èfe G djii

H heidge I aille J djei K kei L èle M ème N ène O o
P pii Q kiou R â-e/ar S èsse T tii U iou
V vii W debeuliou X èxe Y ouaille Z zède/zi

BUILD A BRIDGE

AHJK → like day ; may ; say

B C D E G P T V → like tea ; bee
FLMNSXZ→ like met ; fell : pet
IY→ like eye ; why ; shy
QUW→ like queue ; you ; shoe
O like no; → R are, car ; → Z; bled, dead
16
 GRAMMAR REVISION
Spelling

How do you spell , please ?

Can you spell that, please ?

people spell words to clarify information. And to say all the characters

The occurate spelling of the word

B-A-C-K-F- I-L-L

T- R- A-N- S- F-O-R-M-E-R

V-A-C- U- U- M P- U-M-P

S-O-F-T-W- A-R- E

H- V for high voltage

Brand W- E- G, S - C - H - N - E - I - D - E - R , A -l -S -T -O -M
17
GRAMMAR REVISION
Alphabets

18
GRAMMAR REVISION
PRONUNCIATION

19
 GRAMMAR REVISION
Structure
Basic constitue structure analysis of a sentence.

The mechanic works on the motor

20
 GRAMMAR REVISION
Structure
Clause is a group of words that contains a subject and a verb
• Independent clause : makes sense on its own as a sentence
• Subordinate clause : doesn’t make sense on its own as a sentence and have
a dependent clause
• Relative clause : provides extra information about a noun. Is a subordinate
clause introduces by a relative pronoun (that, where,whose)

• Simple sentence
• The manager changed the team

• Compound sentence
• He buys a lamp in the morning and he installed already
• Complex sentence
• The manager changed the team after the morning incident
• The chief changed the team because he looked for specialists
• Compound –complex sentence
• The manager changed the team and he offered the services to specialists
even if the truck must be drive tomorrow 21
GRAMMAR REVISION
verbs recommanded
in technical english

did it work?
He has done the work

I have given instructions

She is working on the smelter
project
He was reading the reports
on the power plan

They didn’t respect the

shutdown.

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 GRAMMAR REVISION
NOUN AND PLURAL OF NOUNS

• Singular and plurals nouns

• Rules

• Concrete nouns: teacher, school ; shoe

• Abstract nouns : love, idea
• common nouns : city, man, dog ,car
• Proper nouns : Lubumbashi , Chris , Toyota
• Collective nouns : team
• Countable nouns : computer
• Uncountable nouns : water
• Compound nouns: underground () software
, input , smartphone, shutdown
• ect.
 GRAMMAR REVISION
verbs recommanded in technical english
Verbs have three simple tenses: the present, the past, and the future. The present
tense shows an action or condition that occurs now. The past tense shows an action or
condition that was completed in the past. The future tense shows an action or condition
that will occur in the future.

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 GRAMMAR REVISION
Other verb Tenses
VERB TENSE PAST PRESENT FUTURE
simple We developed the We develop the We will develop
software software
simple active
simple passive
simple continuous or We were developing We are developing We will be
progressive developing
simple continuous
active
simple continuous
passive
perfect active We had developed We have developed We will have
developed
perfect simple
passive
perfect continuous We had been We have been We will have been
active developing developing developing 25
 GRAMMAR REVISION
Regular and irregular verbs

Some technical verbs

26
 GRAMMAR REVISION
english technical verbs

Assemble Made Rotate Edit Open Create

Release Close Occur Activate Make Write
Collide Detect Fix Put Provide Continue
Sustain Check Remove operate Request Emit
Insert Admit Include Compare Enhance
Enclose Merge Repair Connect Equip
Withdraw Move Arrange Control Excel
Convert Insert Be Convey Fill
Format Perform Begin : Measure Find
Hide Solve Block Die
Combine Update Change Download
Form Apply Click
To unite Analyse Copy
Exhaust Balance Define
Constitute Identify Delete
Clean Design
Correct

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 GRAMMAR REVISION
Modal verbs
The English modal verbs are a subset
of the English auxiliary verbs used
mostly to express modality (properties
such as possibility, obligation, etc.).
They can be distinguished from other
verbs by their defectiveness (they do
not have participle or infinitive forms)
and by their neutralization (that they
do not take the ending -(e)s in the
third-person singular).
The principal English modal
verbs are can, could, may, might, shall, s
hould, will, would, and must. Certain
other verbs are sometimes classed as
modals; these include ought, had
better, and (in certain
uses) dare and need. Verbs which share
only some of the characteristics of the
principal modals are sometimes called
"quasi-modals", "semi-modals", or
28
"pseudo-modals".
 GRAMMAR REVISION
Modal verbs

Would you get that box off the top shelf?

You must wash your hands after working

Must — relates to personal obligation. It means that the definition is an
absolute requirement of the specification.

If you need to monitor the state of a specific service, you can create and customize a
vSphere Host Service Monitor.
Need — relates to the absence of obligation. In technical documentation, this
verb is used only as a synonym for the verb want

You may need to add new customer for this project.

May — relates to probability and permission. It also means that an item is
optional.

Shall I bring you some tools to clean the engine?

Could you please pass me the report?
If you suspect an e-mail has a virus, you must delete it without opening.
29
 GRAMMAR REVISION
Articles

a An The
Cylinder Hour Any word in plural or
Hose Engine singular

I need a tester
An engine is a piece
(general definition )

The tester in the box is very old

( specific reference)
The telephone can be used to transfer data ( it refers to an entire type or species )

The coefficient of expansion of brass is 0.000025oC. ( it is followed by of + noun

phrase )
 GRAMMAR REVISION
Pronouns
A personal pronoun is a short word we use as a simple substitute for the proper
name of a person Each of the English personal pronouns shows us the grammatical
person, gender, number, and case of the noun it replaces. I, you, he, she, it, we, they, me,
him, her, us, and them are all personal pronouns.

31
 GRAMMAR REVISION
Demonstrative Pronouns
This, that, these and those are called demonstratives. We use a demonstrative when
we want to talk about whether something is near or far from us and if the subject is
singular or plural

• Relative pronouns :
• Indefinite pronouns :
• Reciprocal pronouns : Each other,
• Intensive pronouns : 32
 GRAMMAR REVISION
interrogative Pronouns - question words
We use interrogative pronouns to ask questions. They are: who, which, whom,
what and whose. These are also known as wh-words.

Who installed the solar panels ?

They are assembling the new machine at the moment.
What are they assembling at the moment?
Who is assembling the new machine at the moment?
Why the radar can not detect sound and visible light ? 33
 GRAMMAR REVISION
interrogative Pronouns - questions word

,
Who Are You? Introducing Yourself And Colleagues.
What Is It? Tools and Equipment Basics.
How Do I Say That? Pronouncing Tools and Equipment.
What Type Is It? Describing Tools and Equipment.

How Wide Is It? What Is Its Width? Describing Dimensions.

How To Say What You Want.
Where Is It?
How Do I Get There? Describing Directions.
What Does It Have? Describing Facilities.
What Does It Have? Describing Features.

What Machines Do And What You Do ? Talk About Tests

What Is It Doing? Talking About Events Happening At The Moment.
Can We Fix It? Yes, We Can! Let's Talk About Repairing Things.
What Did You Do? Let's Talk About Past Projects.
What Do You Want?
34
 GRAMMAR REVISION
interrogative Pronouns - questions word

, bject identification
O
Student A: What is this?
Student B: It is an instrument. It's a meter rule
Function - use
Student A: What's it used for?
Student B: It's used for measuring objects
Personal safety and work environment
Student C : What do you wear when you work in the workshop ?
Student D : Gloves , helmet and safety boots
Student C : What for ?
Student D : Gloves protect our hands , the helmet our head and the safety boots our
feet . We also have to keep the workshop clean and tidy.
Activity
Student E: What is this man doing?
Student F: He is measuring the table.
Work sequencing
Student G: How do you make a table?
Student H: First, I have to measure the table parts (legs - top) Then, I mark out the
pieces? After that I cut the parts
Finally, I fix them. 35
 GRAMMAR REVISION
Prepositions
A preposition is one of the parts of speech that correlates between two different words
or phrases usually about time or place…
Aboard For
About From
Across Inside
After Into
Against Like
Along Of
As Outside
At Per
Before Plus
Below Round
Beside By
Beyond Despite
But Except
Upon With
Versus Save
Via Since
Down Toward
During Sunder 36
up Until
 GRAMMAR REVISION
Adjectives
Adjectives are used
to describe what
something is like
(the state of
something)or
someone.
Adjectives are,
therefore, used
after forms of to be
and other stative
verbs.

If one adjective is
followed by
another, the first
usually becomes an
adverb, a the
second word is
classified by the
first one.
37
 GRAMMAR REVISION
Adverbs

adverbs are
used to describe how
something is done.
Adverbs are usually
formed by adding an -
ly to the adjective form
of the verb

38
 GRAMMAR REVISION
Adverbs

Adverbs are
words that modify
the meaning of
another word or
even a whole
sentence. They do
this by providing
an answer to such
questions as How
…? To what
extent…?
Where…?
When…? How
often …? and In
what manner …?

39
Magnesium is a metal which burns brightly.
 GRAMMAR REVISION
Adverbs - TP

Read the following text and decide whether the adjective or adverb form is the correct
one.

Working in a machnical department is an (1) extreme/extremely (2) and

interesting/interestingly job.

The engineers have a lot of (3) interesting/interestingly tasks to fulfil. Nevertheless

they have a very (4) challenging/challengingly job because the decisions they have to
make often have a (5) great/greatly influence on production.

Lots of small steps are involved in the development of a (6) new/newly machine.

First of all the drawings have to be made (7) exact/exactly and the single parts have to
be produced.

This is a task that requires (8) accurate/accurately work, as every inaccuracy can have
an influence on the parts and the machine. If a machine has already been sold to a
company (9) quick/quickly, production is necessary as the machine is often (10)
urgent/urgently awaited by the company.
40
 GRAMMAR REVISION
Active and passive

In technical English it is not important who does the work but that it is done.

For this reason most technical instructions are given in the passive voice as the
reader of a technical instruction or the person to be instructed needs exact
information on the kind of work that has to be done and on how the work has to
be performed. In this case, it is of no interest, who the responsible person is.

The basic rules for active and passive voice are as follows:
The object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the passive sentence.
The former subject can be added to the passive sentence if necessary, but this is
not obligatory.

Active Passive
The woman cleans the office The office is cleaned (by the woman) Simple Present
They will repair the machine. The machine will be repaired (by them) Simple future
The mechanic wrote a report a report was written by the mechanic Simple Past 41
GRAMMAR REVISION
NUMBER

42
 GRAMMAR REVISION
imperative sentence

• Disconnect the power supply

 VOCABULARY REVISION Traffic lights
Crossroads
GIVING DIRECTIONS Roundabout
Street
Avenue
Highway
Block
Tunnel
City center
Subway station
Bus stop
Stop

Between
Next to
Behind
In front of
Near
Far
On the corner
Left
Right
Straight on/ahead
Opposite
At the end
44
 VOCABULARY REVISION
The DATE

ORDINAL NUMBERS

45
 VOCABULARY REVISION
TELLING THE TIME

46
 PART2 - COMMON UNITS
Numerical expressions
What some differents words for

47
 COMMON UNITS
Common units

48
 COMMON UNITS
Common units

49
 COMMON UNITS
Common units

50
 COMMON UNITS
Common units

51
 COMMON UNITS
Common units

The table gives some prefixes commonly used in computer science.

Kilo-1000 meters, liters,grams

Hecto-100 meters
Deka-10 meters
Deci-1/10 meter, liter,gram
Centi-1/100 meter
52
Milli-1/1000 meter
PART-3

TECHNICAL ENGLISH
ASD-STE100 RESUME
ENGINEERING
PART-4

Engineering is largely a practical activity. It is about putting ideas action. Engineering

is the application of science and maths to solve problems. While scientists and
inventors come up with innovations, it is engineers who apply these discoveries to the
real world.

Concerned

Civil engineering To make Bridges , roads , airports

Electrical engineering To generate and distribute electricity and its applications

Mechanical engineering To manifacture tools and machines in all areas

Electronic engineering To developp components and equipment for

communications; computing …
Materials and process To synthesise and formulate processes and materials
Engineering
IOT Engineering To connecte objets, developp innovative services

54
ENGINEERING SECTOR

Aerospace industry
Automotive industry
Construction industry
Energy company
Mining industry
Defence industry
Electronics industry
Fast-moving consumer goods industry
Marine industry
Materials and metals industry
Oil and gas industry
Pharmaceuticals industry
Power generation industry
Rail industry
Utilities industry
Etc.

55
Materials and Process
engineering

56
 MATERIALS AND PROCESS ENGINEERING

The Engineering Materials and Processes series focuses on all forms of

materials and the processes used to synthesise and formulate them as they
relate to the various engineering disciplines.
The series deals with a diverse range of materials: ceramics; metals (ferrous
and non-ferrous); semiconductors; composites, polymers, biomimetics etc.

Materials engineers work with metals, ceramics, and plastics to create new
materials. Materials engineers develop, process, and test materials used to
create a range of products, from computer chips and aircraft wings to golf clubs
and biomedical devices. Materials engineers make critical decisions in selecting and
developing the best materials for a particular purpose

Process engineers are Developing, configuring and optimizing industrial processes

from inception through to start up and certification, Assessing processes, taking
measurements and interpreting data, Designing, running, testing and upgrading
systems and processes, how to add value to raw materials used to manufacture a
number of useful products
57
 MATERIALS AND PROCESS ENGINEERING
Job with Materials and Process engineering degree

• Professor or lecturer • Systems engineer

• Analytical engineer
• Geotechnical engineer
• Patent engineer
• Supplier quality engineer
• Manufacturing engineer
• Metallurgical engineer
• Design engineer
• Plastics engineer
• Sales engineer
• Packaging engineer
• Biomedical engineer
• Staff engineer
• Aeropace engineer
• Semiconductor engineer
• Architectural and
engineering manager
• Product engineer
• Ceramics engineer
• Quality manager
• Research scientist
• Materials engineer

58
 MATERIALS AND PROCESS ENGINEERING – VOCABULARY
Advanced ceramics

59
 MATERIALS AND PROCESS ENGINEERING

Schematic synthesis of bi-component cobalts metatianate

60
MATERIALS AND PROCESS ENGINEERING

61
 MATERIALS AND PROCESS ENGINEERING – VOCABULARY

powder metallurgy process

62
 MATERIALS AND PROCESS ENGINEERING - – VOCABULARY
Energy and material efficiency of steel powder metallurgy

63
 MATERIALS AND PROCESS ENGINEERING
GOLD LEACHING FROM A DESULFURIZES GOLD

64
MATERIALS AND PROCESS ENGINEERING

65
 MATERIALS AND PROCESS ENGINEERING
Many different metals are used to create powder metallurgy components, including iron,
copper and steel powders. Manufacturing process of iron and steel powders.

There are two common methods of powder production. Chemical: The metal is converted from ore
oxides directly to metal powder at a temperature below the melting point. And Atomization: The
molten metal alloy flows through a nozzle and is struck by high-pressure water or gas jet. Small
droplets are formed which solidify into particles.

66
MATERIALS AND PROCESS ENGINEERING

67
 MATERIALS AND PROCESS ENGINEERING
Natural rubber

68
 MATERIALS AND PROCESS ENGINEERING

Quantities of raw materials and other components

consumed/produced by Alfa processes

69
 MATERIALS AND PROCESS ENGINEERING
Materials used

70
 MATERIALS AND PROCESS ENGINEERING

(1) (1) Engineers have to know the best and most economical materials to use.
(2) Engineers must also understand the properties of these materials and
. how they can be worked. (3) There are two kinds of materials used in
engineering: metals and non-metals. (4) We can divide metals into ferrous
and nonferrous metals. (5) The former contain iron and the latter do not
contain iron. (6) Cast iron and steel, which are alloys, or mixtures of iron and
carbon, are the two most important ferrous metals. (7) Steel contains a
smaller portion of carbon than cast iron contains. (8) Certain elements can
improve the properties of steel and are therefore added to it. (9) For
example, chromium may be included to resist corrosion and tungsten to
increase hardness. (10) Aluminium, copper, and the alloys, bronze and brass,
are common non-ferrous metals.
(2) (2) (11) Plastics and ceramics are non-metals, however, plastics may be
machined like metals. (12) Plastics are classified into, two types:
thermoplastics and thermosets. (13) Thermoplastics can be shaped and
reshaped by heat and pressure but thermosets cannot be reshaped because
they undergo chemical changes as they harden. (14) Ceramics are often
employed by engineers when materials, which can withstand high
temperature, are needed. 71
 MATERIALS AND PROCESS ENGINEERING

.
What are the two main kinds of engineering materials?
What are the raw materials used in the industry ?
What are the two subgroups of metals? Give some examples of each group.
What are examples of raw materials and the products ?

72
 MATERIALS AND PROCESS ENGINEERING

73
 MATERIALS AND PROCESS ENGINEERING
Discussion and Questions

how to select the right material for you metal forming projet, stainless
steel , titanium, copper, aluminum , metal alloy

74
Civil engineering

75
 CIVIL ENGINEERING
Civil engineering is the application of physical and scientific principles for the
design, development and maintenance of both the constructed and the naturally
built environment. This includes infrastructure such as airports, bridges,
buildings, canals, dams, pipelines, power plants, railways, roads, sewage
systems, and more.

Some common duties of civil engineers include:

 Performing technical and feasibility studies, using reports, surveys, maps and plans
and related data
 Determining costs,
 Understanding and accounting for health and safety, building and other engineering
regulations
 Assessing environmental impacts and determining risk factors that may impact the
project delivery
 Creating plans and blueprints
 Collaboration and communication with other engineers, professionals and clients
 Civil engineers apply different engineering principles (for example, structural,
environmental, construction or geotechnical) to projects of all sizes for residential,
commercial, industrial or public purposes on behalf of the private or public sectors.
This includes measuring the financial, environmental or socio economic costs of a
project to ensure they are delivered on time, on budget, and in compliance with
codes, standards and regulations. 76
 CIVIL ENGINEERING
jobs with an civil and environment engineering degree
• Building control surveyor
• Building engineer
• City engineer
• Consulting civil engineer
• General Civil Engineering
• Contracting civil engineer
• Nuclear engineer
• Design engineer
• Structural engineer
• Water hygiene engineer
• Water resources engineer
• Building services engineer
• Environmental consultant
• Sustainability consultant
• Construction manager
• Engineering geologist
• Patent attorney
• Quantity surveyor
• CAD Technician
• Hydraulic Engineer
• Forensic Engineer
• Urban planner/ urban engineer
• Planning engineer
• Engineering projet manager
• Fire engineer
• Transport planner/transportation
engineering
• Field service engineer
• Construction manager
• Environmental engineer
• Construction estimator
• Geotechnical engineer
• Structural engineer
• Architect engineer
• Mason
• Roofer
• Painter
• Plumber
• Carpenter
• Plasterer
• Earthquake Engineer
• FRAMER 77
 CIVIL ENGINEERING

Road Structure Cross Section is composed of

the following components:
1.Surface/Wearing Course
2.Base Course
3.Sub Base
4.Sub Grade
78
CIVIL ENGINEERING

79
CIVIL ENGINEERING

80
CIVIL ENGINEERING

81
CIVIL ENGINEERING

82
CIVIL ENGINEERING

83
CIVIL ENGINEERING

84
CIVIL ENGINEERING
• Foundation
• Structure
• Exterior walls
• Interior partitions
• Environmental-control
systems
• Water supply system;
• power system ;
• waste disposal system

85
 CIVIL ENGINEERING

Material used in construction

•
components a building structure
1.Roof
• Bricks 2.Parapet
• Sand 3.Lintels
• Cement 4.Beams
• Stone 5.Columns
• Fine aggregate 6.Damp proof course (DPC)
• Coarse aggregate 7.Walls
• Timber 8.Floor
• Metal 9.Subfloor
• Floor tiles 10.Stairs
• Roof tiles 11.Plinth Beam
• Reinforcement 12.Foundation
• Plastic materials 13.Plinth
• Doors and windows 14.Gable
• Asphalt bitumen 15.Vent
• Coloring material 21. Siding
16.Valley
• Paint and varnishes 22. Joists
17.Dormer
• White cement 23. Rafters
18.Deck
• Brick ballast 24. Stud
19.Eave
• Water Etc. 25. Sheathing
20.Gutter 86
CIVIL ENGINEERING

The first and

important
thing to know
is what all the
tools and
machines in
the workshop
are called.
This enables
an engineer to
give precise
instructions to
the trained
workers about
what to do
and how.

87
CIVIL ENGINEERING

88
CIVIL ENGINEERING

89
CIVIL ENGINEERING

90
 CIVIL ENGINEERING
Discussion and questions
1. Explain why a building structure needs a solid foundation
2. What is the description of the house plan
3. Describe & explain the parts of a wall system in a building
4. How do you write a house plan
5. The zneder company need a new camp (1000 m2 ) for these agents(home,water…)/on
a 5 year project, they call an civil engineer for a proposition.

91
 CIVIL ENGINEERING
LECTURE 1 –
Objective: study the given specifications of the bungalow s plan. All dimensions are given in
millimeters.

92
CIVIL ENGINEERING

93
 CIVIL ENGINEERING
LECTURE 1 –
Objective: study the given specifications of the bungalow s plan .

House Plan Specifications

• Total Living:
• House height When we plan to build a new home, the floor
• 1st Floor: plan is a treasure map, written in a symbolic
• 2nd Floor: language and promising the fulfillment of a
• Basement: dream.
• Garage Bays:
• Garage Load: Rear When we “read” a floor plan with dimensions
• Bedrooms: 4 we imagine the simple lines and arc’s
• Bathrooms: stretching into walls, doors and windows.
• Half Bathrooms:
• Foundation: Basement
• Wall Framing:
• Width of House: 86’
• Depth of House:
• First Floor Ceiling Height:
• Second Floor Ceiling Height: 10’
• Trey Height:
• Vault Height: 14'
Electrical engineering

95
 ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
Electrical engineering is one of the newer branches of engineering, and dates back to the
late 19th century. It is the branch of engineering that deals with the technology of
electricity. Electrical engineers work on a wide range of components, devices and systems,
from tiny microchips to huge power station generators

Electrical engineering is now divided into a

wide range of different fields, including
computer engineering, systems engineering,
power engineering, telecommunications,
radio-frequency engineering, Signal
processing, instrumentation, photovoltaic
cells, electronics, and optics and photonics

Electrical engineers design, develop, test and

manage the manufacturing of electrical
equipment, from electric motors and navigation
systems to power generation equipment and the
electrical components of vehicles and personal
devices. 96
 ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
jobs with an electrical and electronic engineering degree
• Acoustic consultant.
• Aerospace engineer.
• Broadcast engineer.
• CAD technician.
• Design engineer.
• Electrical engineer.
• Power system engineer
• Electronics engineer.
• IT consultant.
• Multimedia programmer
• Network engineer
• Nuclear engineer
• Sound engineer
• Special effects technician
• Systems analyst
• Technical author
• Electrical installer
• Wireman
• Elecrician apprentice
• Electrical estimator
• Electrical designer
• Electrical inspector
• Electrical superintendent
• High voltage electrician
• Low voltage electrician
• Low voltage technician
• Electrical contractor
• Lighting engineer
• Lighting technician
• Lighting specialist
• Lighting designer
• Journeyman electrician
• Construction electrician
• Service electrician
• Travelling electrician
• Electrician technician
• Commercial electrician
• Electricity system operator
97
 ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

The hydropower plant or hydroelectric power plant is used to convert the kinetic
energy of water into electrical energy. The kinetic energy developed in the water flow
due to the gravity of falling water from higher to lower head.

98
 ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
A solar power plant uses sunlight to get energy. As the sunlight is ample and renewable,
one can use it to power up the home and business premises. type of solar power plants
exist, Photovoltaic plants, conventional flat solar collector, Vacuum solar collector,
Thermal solar plants, Solar Power Tower

99
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

100
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

Switchgear for
medium voltage

101
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

102
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

103
 ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

Space systems
engineering.

104
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
Space systems engineering.

105
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

106
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

Telecommunications engineering.

107
 Electrical engineering
LECTURE 3
OBJECTIVE

An electric power system or electric grid is known as a large network of power

generating plants which connected to the consumer loads.
The electric power system is made up of generators, transformers, transmission and
distribution lines, and loads. Each of these components is itself a complex system on its
own and has many components. Electric power system is three-phase, 50 or 60 Hz for
the smallest loads, such as residences, where the three phases are split into single-phase,
low-voltage supply.

108
 Electrical engineering
LECTURE

Generation is the part of power system where we convert some form of energy into
electrical energy. This is the source of energy in the power system. It keeps running all
the time. It generates power at different voltage and power levels depending upon the
type of station and the generators used. The maximum number of generators generate
the power at voltage level around 11kV-20kV.

As, it is well known that “Energy cannot be created nor be destroyed but can only
be converted from one form of energy to another form of energy”.

109
 Electrical engineering
Materials used

110
 Electrical engineering
Materials used

Electrical devices

111
 Electrical engineering
Materials used

112
 ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
Discussion and Questions

1. What is the generation stations/power plant over the world

2. What are the main components of power system ?
3. What are the principal parts of a transformer?
4. What are the differences between renewable and non-renewable sources?
5. What idea did Newton and Einstein introduce?

Discussion: AC or DC? What is the best solution for power transmission?

113
Computer science engineering
and
artificial intelligence

114
COMPUTER SCIENCE ENGINEERING AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

artificial intelligence (AI) is wide-ranging branch of computer science concerned with

building smart machines capable of performing tasks that typically require human
intelligence. by using the combination of hardware and software of a machine. These
types of machines can learn from experience, adjust to new inputs, and perform human-
like tasks. Since they act like humans and made artificially so they are called Artificial
intelligence(AI).

his artificial intelligence can Strong artificial intelligence, Artificial superintelligence

be classified as weak or
strong. Weak artificial
intelligence, also known
as Narrow Artificial
Intelligence (NAI).
That is an AI system
designed and trained for a
specific task, such as virtual
personal assistants such as
Amazon's Alexa and Apple's
Siri, a variant of weak AI.
also known (ASI) is a type of AI that
as Artificial General Intellige surpasses human
nce (AGI).
intelligence and can
That is an AI system with
general human cognitive perform any task better
abilities. When presented than a human.
with a task unfamiliar, a
Strong AI system is able to
find solutions without
human intervention.

115
COMPUTER SCIENCE ENGINEERING AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

the various fields of Artificial Intelligence

116
COMPUTER SCIENCE ENGINEERING AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

the various fields of Artificial Intelligence

117
 COMPUTER SCIENCE ENGINEERING AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
Jobs

• Machine learning Engineer.

• Data Scientist. ...
• Business Intelligence Developer
• Research Scientist.
• Big Data Architect.
• BIG DATA ENGINEER
• ROBOTICS SCIENTIST
• PRODUCT ENGENEER
• AI RESEARCH SCIENTIST

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COMPUTER SCIENCE ENGINEERING AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

119
 COMPUTER SCIENCE ENGINEERING AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
AI in power grids : Smart grids

Opportuniti
es for AI in
Energy
Sector-:
1.AI in power
grids : Smart
grids
2.Intelligent
Energy
Storage(IES)
3.AI in power
trading: AI
forecasting
4.Resource
Management
5.Preventing
disaster

120
COMPUTER SCIENCE ENGINEERING AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

121
COMPUTER SCIENCE ENGINEERING AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
Weak artificial
intelligence, also
known
as Narrow Artificial
Intelligence (NAI).

122
COMPUTER SCIENCE ENGINEERING AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
Computers have many applications in a great variety of fields. Computers can help
students perform mathematical operations and solve difficult questions.

They can be used to access the Internet, teach courses such as computer-aided design,
language learning, programming, mathematics, etc.

PCs (personal computers) are also used for administrative purposes: for example,
schools use databases and word processors to keep records of students, teachers and
materials.

Computers are electronic machines which can accept data in a certain form, process the
data and give the results of the processing in a specified format as information. Three
basic steps are involved in the process.

First, data is fed into the computer's memory. Then, when the program is run, the
computer performs a set of instructions and processes the data. Finally, we can see the
results (the output) on the screen or in printed form.

Information in the form of data and programs is known as software, and the electronic
and mechanical parts that make up a computer system are called hardware.

A standard computer system consists of three main sections: the central processing unit
123
(CPU), the main memory and the peripherals.
COMPUTER SCIENCE ENGINEERING AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

Perhaps the most influential component is the central processing unit. Its function is to
execute program instructions and coordinate the activities of all the other units.

In a way, it is the ‘brain’ of the computer. The main memory holds the instructions and
data which are being processed by the CPU.

The peripherals are the physical units attached to the computer. They include storage
devices and input/output devices. Storage devices (floppy, hard or optical disks) provide
a permanent storage of both data and programs. Disk drives are used to handle one or
more floppy disks.

Input devices are data to go into the computer's memory. The most common input
devices are the mouse and the keyboard.

Output devices enable us to extract die finished product from the system. For example,
the computer shows the output on the monitor or prints the results onto paper by means
of a printer.

On the rear panel of the computer there are several ports into which we can plug a wide
range of peripherals - modems, fax machines, optical drives and scanners. These are the
main physical unit of a computer system, generally known as the configuration. 124
COMPUTER SCIENCE ENGINEERING AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

What does a computer consist of?

What other areas of study would benefit from the introduction of computers?

How often do you use it? What do you use it for?

What are three basic steps involved into the processing of information?

What unit of frequency is used to measure processor speed?

What are the functions of input devices? Which of them can you name?

How many digits does a binary system use?

125
 COMPUTER SCIENCE ENGINEERING AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
Materials used

126
 COMPUTER SCIENCE ENGINEERING AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
Robotics components

127
 COMPUTER SCIENCE ENGINEERING AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
Machine learning components

128
 components

Sensors or End temperature sensors, light sensors,

Devices electromagnetic sensors, accelerometer,
Gyroscope sensors
Network or LANs, MANs or WANs
Connectivity LTE 4G Network, Li-Fi , Bluetooth and
Layer Wi-Fi
Security Layers firmware and anti-malware systems, The data can be compromised in any
etc. layers starting from the data
acquisition to business insights
derivations
Compute Engines
Technology and Typical Technical standards: Wi-Fi,
Governance WAN, etc.
Standards Network Protocols: HTTP, TCP/IP, UDP,
etc.
Data management standards: ETL, CAP
Intelligent example in the heavy manufacturing
Insights and industry, the data obtained from
Actions various machinery can be used to
predict the fault of the machine which
can help to reduce manufacturing
downtime and increase efficiency.
129
 COMPUTER SCIENCE ENGINEERING AND ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
Questions and Discussions

AI humanoid robots as Ameca, Sophia, erica , petriatric hal , grace , who is the better?

130
PART-5 INCREASE LISTENINGS AND WRITINGS

VIDEOS
• VOICE OF AMERICA
• BUSINESS ENGLISH POD
• MINING ENGINEERS PRESENTATION
• MINING ENGINEERS CONFERENCE

• https://youtu.be/sFpmpJmIXTk?si=5PagyaQ1vg4mBBVJ TECHNICAL ENGLISH

CONVERSATION AND INTERVIEW
• https://youtu.be/dB39uH458A0?feature=shared Switchgears presentation
• https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=6afMGdLGPLM SOLAR AC –TEST
• https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=iXij6NwTIEE SOLAR ELECTROLYSIS DEMO
• https://www.bbc.co.uk/learningenglish/english/features/witn/ep-150812
UNDERWATER CLEAN-UP
• https://www.businessenglishpod.com/fr/2023/11/26/bep-403-recruiting-2-
developing-the-job-description/ ELABORATE A JOB DESCRIPTION
• https://learningenglish.voanews.com/a/japanese-experiment-breaks-record-for-
internet-traffic-speed/7425422.html INTERNET TRAFFIC SPEED
• https://learningenglish.voanews.com/a/a-big-year-for-artificial-
intelligence/7403954.html BIG YEAR FOR ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE 131
PART-6 TOPICS

Describing a series of actions, giving a series of instructions, reporting jobs in progress

and completed and description , discussing how things work, describing method.

Describing use or functions, describing shape and appearance, giving a definition.

Describing routines, explaining plans, stating plans and intentions, writing emails,
talking about a CV.

Describing motion, describing how it works

Explaining dimension limits, comparing two items, asking, offering and checking,
specifying requirements, comparing three or more items, collaborative problem solving,
reporting on a meeting. Describing a process, describing two parallel processes.

Diagnosing causes of technical problems, suggesting solutions, reporting on work done,

responding to complaints, sympathizing, apologizing and reporting damage/ faults.

Describing safety hazards, explaining safety procedures, expressing necessity, giving

directions to a location, brainstorming, recommending action.

132
FOLLOWING TOPICS
Describing a series of actions or describing a sequence of events
I had a full work on the new panel, yesterday
first, I connected the panel to current source and I verify the co
second, I opened the valve and the water move
Third,

giving a series of instructions (imperative form )

simple instructions to replace a light bulb
Firstly; turn off the electricity
Secondly, remove the light bulb
Then, screw in the new light bulb
Finally, turn the electricity on and switch on the light
Attach/connect/check/continue/proceed/replace/take out/switch off…
reporting jobs in progress and completed

133
E-mails

134
To: Chris (General Director )
From: cynthia (Academic secretary of ESI) E-mails
CC: abel ; martin ; malbam; martin, serge
CI: william ; Chistelle ; jhonny ; Josue
Subject: ESI Technical Exhibition
Date: 20th january 2023
Dear Mr Chris,

Hope this email finds you well.

As requested, the purpose of this report is to describe and assess the suitability of excursion to ESI
Technical Fair for career guidance trip.

1) Firstly, the exhibition provides a platform to showcase the latest innovations and developments in
more than 10 topics in engineering supply chain, most of which are closely connected with
students’ future profession.
2) Secondly, the fair has excellent facilities. AI topic is
3) especially important for engineering students. Many exhibits are interactive allowing visitors to
see how the equipment works,
4) although some pieces of equipment have only technical specifications. The exhibition has a café
which serves a variety of sandwiches and refreshments.
5) Lastly, the exhibition is open from 9:00 to 17:00 on weekdays. The entrance is free.
6) However, on-line registration is recommended.
7) In conclusion, ESI Technical exhibition has a number of fascinating exhibits and excellent facilities.
8) I would strongly suggest that our department organises a day trip to this exhibition.

Best regards,

Academic secretary of ESI

135
+243
 Emails – REPORTS – USEFUL PHRASES
Introducing Expressing opinion
The purpose of this report is to …
As requested/as discussed , this is I believe/feel (that) … / I am
my report on … convinced/confident that …
referring to our conversation…
Listing points Making
In the first place, … / suggestions/recommendations
To begin with, … / ______
Furthermore, … / _____ _____ / …would be a very
Finally, … / _____ suitable for … / … would suit the needs
of …
Expressing concession
_____ /Though … / While …
Concluding
Despite of the fact that … / ______
In short, … / _____ / On the whole, … / To
Adding emphasis
sum up, … / All in all, …
_____ / particularly / in particular
Continuing:
Expressing cause and effect
Secondly, After this / that Then, Next
By doing this,
we could/would … / In this way …
/ As a result … / If we (did this) … 136
Emails - REPORTS

To list viewpoints:
To begin with, … / Firstly, … / In the first place, … Secondly, … / Thirdly, … / Finally, …
etc.

To add viewpoints: In addition, … / What is more, … / Furthermore, … / Besides, … /

Not to mention the fact that… etc.
…both…and…, …not only…but also…

To present the other side of the argument:

Some people argue that… / Contrary to what most people believe, … / As opposed to
the above ideas, …

To rephrase:
In other words,…/ That is to say, To put it another way

Reference: Considering…/Concerning…/ Regarding As far as …is concerned

Conclusion: The results of this investigation show that… The following conclusions
can be drawn from… The information studied/analysed has shown that…

137
REPORTS

Write a report (140-190 words) using WRITING FOCUS and words/phrases

WRITING FOCUS

Outline for reports

Purpose or introduction
Clearly state the purpose of the report and what it contains.

Main body
Divide into sections each with its own subheading.
Each main bode paragraph should present a separate idea.
Use appropriate linking words/phrases to join these ideas.

Conclusion
Summarise all the points of the main body; make recommendations
and/or offer a personal opinion.

138
Writing an engineering CV

When you’re looking for work, you need an attractive, clear and memorable CV
(curriculum vitae) that shows your potential employer all the skills and experience
you have for the job.

• What is a CV?
• Why is it essential when you apply for the job?
• What parts does a typical CV comprise?
• Contact details
• Photo
• Education
• Work experience
• Skills
• Others
• What is the difference between a CV and a resume?
• What should you include in a CV?

139
Writing an engineering CV

Resume

Hi Team! My name is (Name), and I would love to take some time of your busy
schedule to tell you how I can help you (Job Role).

I am currently working as a (Current Designation) at (Company Name). In my last

two years at (Company Name), I have been assigned the responsibility of
(Responsibility1) and (Responsibility2). I have successfully managed to scale our
(Department) process by 100%. This includes (Task1), (Task2), and (Task3). In
addition to this, I have played an active role in designing/developing (Task4) and
(Task5). I have also contributed equally towards documenting (Task6). My team
leads have always praised me for the work I do. They have seen a (Number) %
increase in the (Overall Task Name) ever since I joined this organisation.

Finally, I simply love (Job Name). (Job Role) excites me and I look forward to
(Activity Related to Job Role). I’m passionate about my work and can ensure you
that you will not regret hiring me. I thank you for your time and look forward to
meeting you.

140
Writing an engineering CV

TP job allow
list applicant
You are going to write your CV. load assist
Think of the job you would like to apply for. memorable career
Study the sample CV for the position of occupation carry out
Electrical Engineer(other Role) and use opposite check
it to organise yours. professional competence
pursue cover(ing) letter
Before you start, prioritise your qualification distinguish
experience, technical and transferrable relevant economical
skills that are relevant for the position you responsibility employ
are applying for. Think what you can resume employee
include in your personal statement. search employer
skills encourage
Find a relevant position succeed in essential
online(Google, lindlekin…) and write your switchboard exaggerate
CV to apply for it. vary experience
volunteering highlight
work include
invert
141
INTERVIEW
A: Hello memory affect
B, nice to meet you. passion aim
B: Hello. person apply
A: I’m Chris TITE, the Manager of congo Motor. process candidate
B: Nice to meet you A. professional choice
A: First I’d like to congratulate you on passing our promising communicator
aptitude test. You did very well. promote daunt
prospective decorum
B: Thank you..
proud of discourteous
A: How long have you been working for Congo motor?
qualified engagement
B: I’ve been working there for three years quality etiquette
A: Why do you want to leave that job? recruit explanation
A: What are your strengths? refresh framework
A: Can you provide an example of how you acted as a rude get ready
team manager ? ruin grumbling
A: What are your weaknesses? speech honesty
A: Where do you see yourself in five years? target ignore
A: Interesting … Can you tell me about a recent individual
accomplishment or success you had? interrupt
A: That’s quite impressive, I must admit. Okay, thanks interview
so much for coming in, B. It was great to meet you. intimidate
mains 142
QUOTATION – COMPARE TWO QUOTES

Zambia ltd china ltd Congo sarl Technical group

Motor ($250 unit Motor ($280 unit Motor ($320 unit Motor ($400 unit
price) price) price) price)
Oil ($58 tonne) Oil ($55 tonne) Oil ($80 tonne) Oil ($20 tonne)

Deadline 7 weeks Deadline 3 weeks Deadline 4 weeks Deadline 6 weeks

By road 2060$ By plane 8240$ By road 5390$ By sea 3000$

Quantity 10 Quantity 10 Quantity 10 Quantity 10

Which countries do you want to import from?

Do you want to protect any of your producers?

143
NEGOTIATION

144
QUOTATION

145
DELIVERY NOTE – LOGISTICS

146
BUYING AND SELLING

You are a Seller working for the company ‘CONGO MOTOR ’ and your partner is a
Buyer. Your primary goal is to have the Buyer sign the contract to purchase your
product – MOTOR and PUMP. The minimum goal is to leave your business card, and
the optimistic goal is to make them commit to the congo motor brand and become a
constant buyer of your motors and pumps .

Buyer need to know

What do you produce?
Where are you based ?
Why to buy your products ?
What are specifications ?
We already have motors from two other brands. Why should we purchase yours?
Can I have the nameplate of your recent motor ?
I’ve heard that your motors perform very poorly.
What motors are available in higher power up to 110 kW?

147
DESCRIBING/EXPLAINING PROCESSES

Describing a process :
• means writing about how something is made or how something happens.
• Is a series of steps or actions that are taken in order to achieve a particular result or
goal.

Examples:
Building a road is a long process, but it can be divided into four main stages…
Manufacture of cement – wet process and dry process

A process description seeks to explain what happens at a step in your process. It describes
the equipment used, the purpose of the step, any interactions with people and raw
materials or products involved

TP - WRITING AN ESSAY ABOUT A PROCESS. Your essay should have three paragraphs.

148
PRODUCTS DETAILS

POWER BRIGHT 750 W STEP UP/DOWN TRANSFORMER

Features
• Free grounded adapter included ($3
value)
• 2 Spare fuses included Voltage
transformer
• Fuse protected
• On and off switch
• CE approved Product Type: Travel
inverter
• Finish: Black Generic Specifications
• Universal 220V plug
Dimensions
• Overall Height - Top to Bottom: 4.1‘’
• Overall Width - Side to Side: 4.7‘’
• Overall Depth - Front to Back: 7.2‘’ Brand and Manufacturer: Power Bright
• Overall Product Weight: 11.22 lbs Manufacturer Part Number: VC-750W
Assembled Product Weight: 11.22 lbs
Assembled Product Dimensions (L x W x H):
7.20 x 4.70 x 4.10 Inches
149
DATA SHEET

150
SAFETY/HAZARDS

151
SAFETY/HAZARDS

152
SAFETY/HAZARDS

Hazard sign safety

153
SAFETY/HAZARDS
RISK MANAGEMENT HIERARCHY

154
SAFETY/HAZARDS
HOW RISK IS MANAGED

155
PART-7 Final TPE
Group Discussion

1. Summarize your Topic/project/technical-reports/schematic-plan/ technical-

solutions/a system/principles/company products/identifying objets/ checking
order/following instructions/describing controls/information/maintenance
and repairs…/ in any Engineering field with some pictures
2. Be able to Explain keys words found and technical words
3. Write an email addressed to Direction about your topic/Project… after
presentation.
4. QUESTIONS

NB :
• Power Point Presentation • Introduction
• Paragraphs • Objectives
• 300 to 800 words • Materials and methods
• Team of 3 students • Results and discussion
• Time 10 minutes for ALL • Conclusions
156
STANDARDS

ASME STANDARDS

CEI

CENELEC

UTE

157
REFERENCES

158
CONTACTS

Contacts :
CYNTHIA KON
cornellykon@gmail.com
Kon.Nawej@unilu.ac.cd

159