BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY

The National Engineering University

College of Industrial Technology

A Project Development Study

presented to the
Faculty of College of Industrial Technology
BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
The National Engineering University
Alangilan Campus
Alangilan, Batangas City

In Partial Fulfillment of the

Requirements for the Degree
Bachelor of Industrial Technology Major in Drafting Technology

By:

Adame, Neil Alvin A.

Opena, Bryan B.

Maranan, Jerome F.

Paz, Keann Ira N.

December 2022
 BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
The National Engineering University
College of Industrial Technology

CHAPTER I

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction
As the modern world has begun, the money conservation of humans is now more

difficult. Nowadays, the price of lots and houses is still increasing and affects many people

who come to get a small home. Various stressors and unproductive have involved having a

limited space room. Having a small space is a hustle of in-house functionality and one of the

struggles most people have encountered.

According to Indonesia-furniture., (2022) The multifunctional furniture can make a

narrow room look wider. In addition, this furniture can be used for several activities at once.

In fact, multifunctional furniture has many other benefits. Multifunctional furniture designs

are more modern. In addition, this furniture also made by quality materials and easy to

maintain. So, you don’t have to worry about the furniture getting damaged quickly and need

to replaced every time. However, make sure to choose minimalist furniture with the best and

quality materials. In addition to saving space, multifunctional furniture can also save money.

Usually, multifunctional furniture made in simple, practical, and minimalist. In addition, you

can get more than two functions of items in one piece of furniture. This will certainly

cheaper than buying furniture with their respective functions.

The main goal of this study is to investigate the multi-functional furniture on the

space efficiency of small houses to improve human well-being. Before the innovations in

furniture, creativity in furniture only aimed to improve look and functions.

 BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
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But today saving time, space, and reducing human effort should be a consideration for

furniture designs mainly for domestic use. By definition, this furniture is a design that gives

useful functions for indoor and outdoor activities. The multi-function of this furniture will

perfectly fit for houses that have chill spot or mini bar.

The researchers devised this study with the primary goal of designing and developing

the multi-functional chair with ice cooler. This research was guided by the design and

ergonomic standards required in furniture design.

Background of the study

People loves traveling and exploring the outside world. To support peoples’

hobbies the design considers the activities for indoor and outdoor. Even they have a lot of

travels or vacations such us outings, campings, and long drives they can easily bring the

multi-functional chair with ice cooler.

The study's goal was to design and develop a multi-functional chair with ice cooler

that might be used for indoor and outdoor activities. The envisioned furniture was

intended to offer relaxing feels in any places such as resorts, camping site and it also

might use for vendors such as ice candy vendors that may support for small businesses.
 BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
The National Engineering University
College of Industrial Technology

Objectives of the Study

The primary goal of this research was to design and develop the multi-

functional chair with ice cooler. Specifically, the study aimed to:

1. Design a chair with ice cooler considering:

1.1 Design Standards

1.2 Ergonomic Standards

2. Produce a chair with ice cooler considering:

2.1 Material Specification

2.2 Availability of Materials

3. Test the efficiency of the project in terms of:

3.1 Functionality through 3D modeling

3.2 Durability

3.3 Safety

4. Produce a complete working drawing and user’s manual of the project.

Significance of the Study

The project was believed to be beneficial to the following:

To the community, to help those individuals with travel hobbies and limited space

inside the house.

 BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
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To small businesses. Such as public vendors that includes, ice candy vendors and

sidewalk vendors. The adoption of this furniture design may assist them in promoting

and adhering to.

To future researchers, as they may find this study useful as a starting point for

their study if they wish to develop and improve the design and function of the developed

project.

Scope, Limitation, and Delimitation of the Study

The project was primarily focused on the design and development of multi-

functional chair with ice cooler for. The ergonomic standards established by the

Ergonomics of Interiors Guide influenced the production and design processes.

This study also looks into the main selecting of the proper and standard materials and

itemizing the entire cost of production. It also covered evaluation techniques including

functionality, durability, and safety checks.

Marketing and cost analysis was however excluded from the study.

Definition of terms

The following terms used in the study were defined conceptually and operationally

for easier understanding of the contents of the study.

Aesthetic. A branch of philosophy dealing with the nature of beauty, art, and

taste and with the creation and appreciation of beauty. (Merriam Webster)
 BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
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AutoCAD. It is a computer-aided tool that is used to draw and draft plans. It

allows making precise drawings on the computer (Ecker, 2019). In this study, it is the

software application used in creating plans for the project.

Ergonomics. Ergonomics (or human factors) is the scientific discipline concerned

with the understanding of interactions among humans and other elements of a system,

and the profession that applies theory, principles, data and methods to design in order to

optimize human well-being and overall system performance. (ErgoPlus).

Polystyrene. A light usually white plastic used especially for putting around
delicate objects inside containers to protect them from damage, or for putting around
something to prevent it from losing heat. (Cambridge Dictionary).
Multi-functional. Multipurpose furniture is the perfect solution for small homes.

Furniture options with hidden storage keep your living space clutter-free. When floor

space is a top priority, you want your pieces to do as many jobs as possible. This practical

approach works with a minimalist mindset that is perfect for small spaces.

Spacious. It is an adjective meaning Large and/or with a lot of space (Cambridge

dictionary, 2020). It is the main goal of this study. To achieve a spacious environment.

3D modeling. Is the process of creating three-dimensional representations of an

object or a surface.3D models are made within computer-based 3D modelling software

such as Sketch up (Futurelearn, 2022). In this study, it is the concept used in designing

furniture.
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CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter presents the conceptual and research literature which are found

significant to the study. It also contains the synthesis and conceptual framework of the

study.

Conceptual Literature

In Western civilization, the first wooden ice box was actually patented as a

"refrigerator." However, it didn't use any of the refrigeration technology that we see

today. It was -- by all accounts -- an ice box and was cooled by ice. The patent for this

original refrigerator was granted in 1802 to a gentleman named Thomas Moore, a farmer,

inventor, surveyor, engineer and entrepreneur from Brookeville, Maryland. An actual

refrigerator is a popular household appliance that consists of a thermally insulated

compartment and a heat pump that transfers heat from the inside of the fridge to its

external environment so that the inside of the fridge is cooled to a temperature below the

ambient temperature of the room. A refrigerator maintains a temperature a few degrees

above the freezing point of water. A similar device that maintains a temperature below

the freezing point of water is called a freezer. The refrigerator replaced the ice box, which

had been a common household appliance for almost a century and a half. For this reason,

a refrigerator is sometimes referred to as an icebox in American usage. (Richard A.

Hodge., (2016)
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Keeping food fresh or your drinks cool can be a daunting task especially in hot

weather conditions. This is however not a problem if you are in possession of an ice box.

Depending on which part of the globe you are in its known by different names. It is most

commonly known as a cooler in the US while down under in Australia it is known as an

ice box and in New Zealand they go by the name Chilly Bin. The world over, ice chests

have become a common household item. They have a variety of uses from family trips,

solo trips to keeping food and drink items cool while in the house or indoors. The users of

ice cooler boxes are as many as is their uses. They range from campers to hunters,

families to travelers and they can be used by event organizers to keep items like drinks

cool during a large social event. A cooler box also keeps food healthy to eat because they

help keep it from going bad. A cooler box is a valuable item to own and it has a lot of

utility. There are several features of an ice box that make it dependable and easy to use.

These components include hard foam for insulation that is between hard inner and outer

plastic. The foam works by keeping cool air from escaping and heat from coming in. The

plastic sides create a vacuum. The lid which is usually at the top has a hard rubber seal

that prevents the cool air from escaping.(Allan Rich, 2012).

Investing in multi-purpose furniture can also minimize clutter in your office space

and free up room for other furniture. For example, you can turn a small coffee table into

a storage space by building shelves underneath. An ottoman or bench seat could have

additional storage hidden inside. Multi-purpose furniture promotes a functional office

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space, as there are unlimited ways to turn your current furniture into an alternate piece.

(office basics, 2016)

In case you’re intending to go outdoors during the warm summer days, the most

effective way to do so is keeping yourself cool. A cooler or even ice box is an excellent

advantage to experience all year round. It offers the comfort of storage space,

particularly when going on picnics, long drives, fishing trips, camping, boating so

on. Its convenient size allows you to carry it in the shoe of your automobile, and yes it

may be put nearly anywhere. The cooler is a well-insulated box. Dry Ice packs are kept

inside this particular box; things to become chilled are then positioned among these

packs. There are many benefits of having these cool boxes: Requires absolutely no

energy points to function, It operates with no electricity; Commercial quality E.V.A seal

to guarantee very good insulating material and even outstanding sealing attributes

together with the latches made from high-quality stainless steel; Sturdy manages

molded in the icebox for ease in holding and transportation; Secure padlock locking

function for protection and also kid safety; The gentle color reflects heat and sunshine,

keeping items properly chilled; Boxes are appropriate to be used with dry ice packs for

optimum ice retention; Excellent Polyethylene shields cardboard boxes from the suns

effective UV rays; The Insulation is devoid of CFC’s, making the cardboard boxes eco-

friendly; easily, robust, and Lightweight transportable.(Michelle Ulloa)

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If you’re cramped for space, the idea of folding furniture might sound like a

godsend. Whether it be chairs, desks, or bedding, these pieces not only allow

homeowners to create an inviting space with a cozy décor but also provide other perks.

Folding furniture is often used in small spaces and to downsize furniture that usually

takes up way too much room.

But there’s more to it than that. Space-saving furniture or foldable and

transformable pieces are quite versatile depending on how you use them. Space-saving

furniture adds flexibility to your living or working space. Imagine having a room where

there’s enough space for you to sleep, socialize, and work freely without feeling

cramped. It’s possible with multi-functional furniture, which not only serves many

purposes but also makes a room look great. Multi-functional furniture is an innovation

in design to save space. By combining the functions of several types of traditional

furniture into a single piece, these multi-functional pieces fit the proposed space

perfectly. With the growing trend of space-saving furniture, people have changed the

overall look and material of most multi-functional pieces. We were always introduced to

plastic and vinyl types, but nowadays there’s a growth of solid wood transformable

furniture which helps with its quality and durability. Space-saving furniture is an

excellent way of reducing clutter and maximizing space. Clutter is another way to make

a room look smaller than it is. And it detracts from the natural beauty and appeal of the

room, making it less inviting. If you’re looking to make the most of the space you have

available in your home, you might want

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to look into some space-saving furniture. Many of these pieces can be used for multiple

purposes, thus allowing you to utilize all of your home’s square footage. This is

especially useful if you live in a small apartment or a condominium with limited space,

but even those with bigger homes can benefit from this type of furniture because of its

aesthetic appeal and functionality. (Urban Concepts 2022).

Related Literature

According to Y Xie,. (2016) proposed a study entitled “Chinese bench: research on multi-

function furniture design” Nowadays, the world is facing a lot of serious problems because

of the population explosion and the resource shortage. Overcrowded living area creates

economic and social issues, and the limitation of material choices not only lowers the

quality of house holding merchandise, but also leads to the raise of the price. Due to all

these complicated factors, multi-function furniture becomes one of the solutions for

space sustainability. Multi-function furniture combines different functions into one

piece to control the material consumption, creates opportunities for the interaction

between the object and human, and effectively save user's space. At the same time, the

price of multi-function furniture, by contrast, is usually more reasonable than

purchasing several furniture pieces together. This kind of design becomes more and

more popular among young generation, and it is the trend of today's furniture design.

Through the exploration of human's living habits and the study of contemporary multi-

function furniture, I
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designed a piece of furniture, Chinese Bench with the concept of space and material

sustainability. This thesis is based on the field study of ergonomics and furniture design

theory, illustrates the final prototypes of my multi-functional furniture. The design can

be served as sit, table and storage, and it emphasizes the importance of space use and

valuable customization for user at the same time. The design aims to provide a more

efficient living mode in limited space, and reduce the material consumption.

At the same time, the pattern and graphic forms are adapted in this design; they can

meet people's need for beauty and function at the same time, let the user obtain the

sympathy and entertainment from the design.

According to AD Shaleh., (2022) proposed a study entitled “The Role of Multi-Function

Furniture in the Pandemic Era”. Measuring how effective multifunctional furniture is in

the industry, knowing the benefits of multi-functional furniture for activities and interior

design issue, ensuring that multi-functional furniture has been made based on

ergonomic principles, and researching the positive impact of multi-functional furniture

on the community. The objective of this study is to identify the role of the multi-

functional chair as a new solution in the creation of facilities to support e-learning and

remote work. The qualitative method was tested on 100 respondents from the general

public with various professional backgrounds. The results of the efficiency of multi-

functional furniture based on ergonomic considerations and design principles show that

multifunctional furniture
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has a very high level of efficiency. Most people are satisfied with the availability of multi-

functional furniture that can help them in their daily activities. Having multi-functional

furniture can simplify daily activities and can be a solution for interior problems.

According to DE Lowe., (2020) Maintaining cold chain while transporting medical

supplies and samples is difficult in remote settings. Failure to maintain temperature

requirements can lead to degraded sample quality and inaccuracies in sample analysis.

We performed a systematic analysis on different types of transport coolers (polystyrene

foam, injection-molded, and rotational molded) and transport coolants (ice, cold packs,

frozen water bottles) frequently in use in many countries. Polystyrene foam coolers

stayed below our temperature threshold (6°C) longer than almost all other types of

coolers, but were not durable. Injection-molded coolers were durable, but warmed to 6°C

the quickest. Rotational molded coolers were able to keep temperatures below our

threshold for 24 hours longer than injection molded coolers and were highly durable.

Coolant systems were evaluated in terms of cost and their ability to maintain cold

temperatures. Long lasting commercial cold packs were found to be less cost effective

and were below freezing for the majority of the testing period. Frozen plastic water

bottles were found to be a reusable and economical choice for coolant and were only

below freezing briefly. Finally, we modeled the coolers performance at maintaining

internal temperatures below 6°C and built a highly accurate linear model to predict how

long a cooler will remain below 6°C. We believe this data may be useful in the planning

and design of specimen transportation

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systems in the field, particularly in remote or resource limited settings.

According to Arina Luthfini Lubis, (2020) proposed study entitled “Designing

Ergonomic Study Chair Using Quality Function Deployment Method with

Anthropometry Approach” Increasing the high number of under-fives entering the age of

study, commonly called early childhood education (Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini--PAUD),

creates an opportunity to design a product that supports learning activities for the

toddlers, namely folding study desks.

This research aims to make a redesign of folding table-chair products specially designed

for toddlers by considering ergonomic aspects that prioritize function and comfort using

Quality Function Deployment (QFD) method through anthropometry approach of

toddler's body. This study focuses on toddlers aged 3 years to 5 years who are students of

the playing group and kindergarten at Integrated Islamic Kindergarten (Taman Kanak-

kanak Islam Terpadu-TKIT) ``Rabbani''. Different body sizes of toddlers with adults are

the main consideration in determining anthropometric approach, but it is also expected to

produce ergonomic products both in terms of materials and product size to a child's

sitting position. The results of this study obtained a comfortable chair table, soft and

comfortable backrest, strong seat resistance, comfortable padded seat cushion, has a place

to store bag/footrest, has a place to store stationery, has an attractive color and seats safe

to use, and has additional features for gadget. As for the changes made in terms of the

dimensions of the chair that prioritize ergonomic values, the seat height is 60 mm, the

back height is 33.2 mm, the width of the backrest is 30 mm, the length of the seat is 26.6
 BATANGAS STATE UNIVERSITY
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mm, and the seat

width is 26.6 mm. All these additions are additional tolerance for comfort, especially for

large children.

According to Adelusi, E. A,. (2021) proposed a study entitled “Comparative Analysis of

Thermal Retention Capacity of Ice Chest Wood Cooler Stands made from Pinus Caribeae

and Nauclea Diderichii”. The efficacy of a cooler or ice chest is measured by its

preservative potentials, and how long it can make substance such as food and drinks

remain hot/cold. In ensuring that an ice chest meets up to its expectation, this work

investigated the construction, thaw rate and heat retention capacity of an ice chest cooler

stands made from Pinus caribeae and Nauclea diderichii wood, with a view of improving

its ability to maintain hotness/coldness of any substance stored in it for a longer period of

time. The wood samples were machined and fabricated into a cooler stand in which

plastic coolers were placed. 10kg mass of Ice block (0oC) and hot water (100oC) were

used for the two tests considered in this study. Meanwhile, an ordinary cooler was used as

a control. Weight reduction and thermometer were used to measure the thaw rate of the

ice block and temperature loss of the water. For the ice block test, 6kg (1.8oC), 5kg

(0.20oC) and 3kg (0.22oC) of ice block were left after 8 hours, while for the hot water

test, water temperatures were 45oC, 25oC and 18oC after 12 hours for ice chest made

from N. diderichi, P. caribaea and control respectively. The thaw rate and temperature

loss was lowest for ice chest made with N. diderichi, thus implying that N. diderichi

wood is a better choice for making wooden cooler stand. This study thus confirms that
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wood can be used to improve thermal retention capacity of ice chest cooler.

Synthesis of the Study

The researchers were able to assess the differences and similarities of the current

study endeavor using data and concepts obtained from previous studies. The associated

research supplied critical information for the study's design and development,

The research done by Y Xie, (2016) is comparable to the researcher’s study,

both the study has the same multi-functional although different principles. Both products

used a chair as one of the purposes of the furniture. The difference is the design and

functionality. The study focuses on the materials for working/study accessibility while

the researchers study focuses on the materials for essential travel activities which is ice

cooler.

The study made by: AD Shaleh., (2022) has also a comparison to the researchers’

study as it focuses on multi-functionality chair. The difference is the target objectives of

each study. The study focuses on the effect of multi-functional chair in the pandemic era.

The researchers study focuses on the design and development of multi-functional chair

for indoor and outdoor activities.

The study of DE Lowe., (2020) is comparable to the current study as it uses the

same some of materials. Both studies used ice cooler for the main function of each

product. The difference of the studies focus on single purpose only while the researchers

study focuses on multi-functionality and each product have different way of uses too.
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The study of Arina Luthfini Lubis, (2020) and the researchers’ study had common

similarities. Just like the researchers’ study, they considered the ergonomic standards of

the product. The differences of the study are the functions by folding the chair that can

turn

to table while the researcher’s study is fixed and cannot be transformable.

The study of Adelusi, E. A, (2021) has look like to the researcher’s study, they

both uses polystyrene to make sure that the material of the ice cooler is odorless. The

difference of the study is the materials on how they construct the product. The study

used a wood for the external part of the cooler while the researchers study used hard

plastic for its external part.

Conceptual Framework

To achieve the study's desired output, the researchers followed the step-by-step

procedure. The study was constructed by using a plethora of sources, this includes books,

articles, the internet, and ideas and observations from prior relevant research

investigations, all of which informed the current study significantly.

The design and development of a multi-functional chair with ice cooler was the

goal of the research. The research paradigm as shown displays the link between the

study's input, process, and output.

The input is made out of concepts, knowledge, and skills. The concepts and

knowledge contain the Design Standards and Ergonomic Standards. The concepts and
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knowledge will come from the gathered information and ideas of the researchers and

the data is conducted at the beginning of the study. Skills have an important role in the

study as these will be the key traits to make the project successful. The researchers will

have enough skills in AutoCAD and SketchUp to create the design of the project.

The process includes the planning, designing, animation, and production of the

project to make the desired product/output. The researchers made plans for the project

through careful research on articles, books, and other related literature i. e. the internet. In

terms of designing, the researchers rely on the standard dimensions set by the

Ergonomics of Interior Guides to make the project precise and accurate. The researchers

use 3d software such as SketchUp and AutoCAD to create an animation of the output to

show its functionality. The researchers then proceed with developing the project by

following the measurements, procedures, and materials that will be used. The output is

the Chair with ice cooler.

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INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

Concepts and
Knowledge on:
 Design Planning Designing Multi-functional
Standards Chair with Ice
3d Modeling & Cooler
 Ergonomics Animation
Standards

 Ergonomics Production
of Interiors
Guide
Skills on:
 AutoCAD
 Sketch Up
 Manual sketching

Figure 1: Conceptual Paradigm of the Multi-Functional Chair with Ice Cooler

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CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter describes the project development process, which includes the pre-

design stage, design stage, development stage, preliminary evaluation, and the final

design.

Research Design

This study utilized a developmental research design that was concerned with the

techniques and strategies commonly used in lifespan development research. This research

design was particularly important when describing development and change due to the

interest in what should change and what does not change with age.

To develop the design concept of the Multi-Functional Chair with ice cooler. The

researchers methodically examined the gathered data and information. The overall design

was divided into phases to achieve the objectives of the study, including pre-design,

design, development, preliminary evaluation, and final design.

Pre Design stage

The stage was composed of planning, brainstorming, and conceptualizing the

design of the Multi-Functional Chair with ice cooler. In this stage, the researchers conducted

some readings from the related literature and studies. The information that was related to

the study was gathered from different sources on the internet such as online articles,

books, thesis, and journals. Suggestions and comments that came from the professionals

helped
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the researchers on the improvement of the design of the project.

Design Stage

Layout and designing were conducted by the researchers to visualize the overall

appearance, functions, and dimensions of each part of the proposed chair with ice cooler.

This stage also included detailed drawings using AutoCAD and 3D modeling layouts

using the Sketch Up 2021 Pro software application.

Preliminary Evaluation

The researchers examined the 3D Model of the proposed design using the Sketch

Up 2021 Pro software application to further inspect its function and identify some

problems to create some modifications. Through animation, the researchers were able to

see the initial design’s overall usefulness and applicability.

Final Design Stage

In areas highlighted during the preliminary evaluation, necessary alterations and

modifications were implemented.

Development Stage

In developing this project, the researchers looked into all aspects of designs. In

this stage, the researchers followed a step-by-step procedure, which included the selection

of the most durable material available locally. The project's functionality, durability, and

safety were evaluated during the production phase. Furthermore, because only one piece

was created, its operation was evaluated by animating the many combinations that might

be made.
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The design of the project was presented in the next pages.

Pre-designing

Designing

Preliminary Evaluation

Final Design

Development Stage

Figure 2. Process Flow Chart of the Project

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Table 1: The Breakdown of Work Schedule

2022 2023
Process
Aug Sep Oct Nov De Jan Feb Mar Apr May
c
Pre- Designing

Designing

Developing

Preliminary
Evaluation

Final Design

Table 1 shows the Breakdown of the Work Schedule of the Project which is indicated

through a Gantt chart that depicts the series of activities led by the researchers in carrying out

the project.
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MULTI-FUNCTIONAL CHAIR WITH ICE

COOLER
NOTE: MEASURED IN CENTIMETERS

Figure 3. Working Drawings (Orthographic)

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Legend
1 Lid
2 Utensils Pocket
3 Angel Bars
4 Hinges
5 Wheels
6 Expanded Polysterene

Figure 4: Exploded View of the Multi-Functional Chair with Ice Cooler

Figure 4 shows the exploded view of the project which will aid in visualizing how

the elements were put together to construct the project. Additionally, an orthographic,

isometric, and sectional image of the redesigned project was presented below to

provide a more comprehensive look at the project

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Figure 5. Isometric View of the Final Project