Computers, Operating Systems,

and File Management

Digital Literacy – section 001

Sediqa Safa

Jan 3rd, 2024

Expected Outcomes

o Understanding the Basics: Computers, Hardware, and Software

o Overview of Different Operating Systems
o File Structure and Organization
o File Types and Extensions
o Keyboard Shortcuts and Productivity Tips
o Copying, Pasting, and Formatting Text
o Basic Troubleshooting Techniques
What is a computer?

o A computer is an electronic device

that manipulates information, or data.
o Store, retrieve, and process data.
o Sequences of arithmetic or logical
operations automatically.
Components of a Computer
o Central Processing Unit (CPU): "brain" of the computer responsible
for processing instructions. (clock speed and cores).
o Random Access Memory (RAM): temporary storage, allows the
computer to quickly access and process data while running
programs.
o Storage Devices: Hard Disk Drives (HDD) and Solid State Drives
(SSD). Storing data for the long term.
o Motherboard: connects and facilitates communication between
various components.
o Input and Output Devices: keyboards, mice, monitors, and printers.
Facilitating communication between the user and the computer.
o Graphics Processing Unit (GPU): render and display visual
information.
Components of a Computer
CPU

Motherboard

RAM
Computer Functionality

o This cycle represents the flow of information and tasks within a computer
system.
Computer Functionality Benefits

o User Interaction: Knowing the flow helps users understand how their actions
impact the computer's response.

o Troubleshooting: When issues arise, understanding the flow assists in

identifying whether the problem lies in input, processing, or output stages.

o Basis for Computer Architecture: This basic cycle serves as the foundation
for more complex computer architectures and operations.
Software Types: System Software
o Definition: System software is a category of computer programs that
provide a foundation for the computer's functionality and help manage
hardware resources.

o Role in Managing Hardware Resources:

o Resource Allocation: System software manages the allocation of
resources such as CPU, memory, and input/output devices to different
software applications.
o Communication: Facilitates communication between hardware
components, ensuring seamless operation.
o Control: Controls and supervises the overall operation of the computer
system.
Examples
o Windows:
o Developed by Microsoft, Windows is one of the most widely used
operating systems for personal computers.
o Features a user-friendly interface (Start menu, taskbar, and a variety of
applications.)

o macOS:
o The operating system designed for Apple Macintosh computers.
o Sleek and intuitive design
o Emphasizes user experience (popular among creative professionals.)

o Linux:
o An open-source operating system used widely in server environments
and increasingly on desktop systems.
o Known for its stability, security, and customization options.
Cont.
o Differences: user interface, software availability, and security features.

o Graphical User Interface (GUI):

o Visual interface with graphical elements such as icons, buttons, and
windows.
o Intuitive and user-friendly environment
o Windows, macOS, and Linux desktop environments.

o Command Line Interface (CLI):

o Users interact with the computer through text commands.
o Provides more granular control and can be more efficient for certain
tasks.
o Linux and Unix-based systems, and server environments.
Software Types: Application Software

o Definition: Programs designed to perform specific tasks for end-users.

o Purpose and Functionality:

o Task-Oriented: Serves the needs and requirements of the user.
o User Interaction: It provides a user interface through which users
interact with the computer to accomplish specific tasks.
o Diverse Categories: Spans various categories, including word
processors, web browsers, graphics editors, games, and more.
Examples

o Microsoft Office Suite: like Microsoft Word (word processing), Excel

(spreadsheets), and PowerPoint (presentations).
o Web Browsers: Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, or Microsoft Edge.
o Adobe Creative Cloud: like Photoshop (image editing) and Premiere Pro
(video editing).
o Games: Various gaming applications designed for entertainment.
Any Questions, Suggestions, or
Comments?

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