ROBOTICS

1. Explain Robot and Industrial Robot with suitable example.

ANS- A robot is a programmable machine capable of carrying out a complex series of actions
automatically. These actions can be physical movements or cognitive tasks. For example, a
robotic arm in a car manufacturing plant that welds parts together.
An industrial robot is specifically designed for manufacturing processes. It's programmed to
perform tasks such as welding, painting, assembly, etc., in industrial settings. An example is
the robotic arms used in automobile assembly lines.

2. Explain Types of Automation used in robotics.

ANS- Fixed automation: Where the sequence of processing (or assembly) operations is fixed
by the equipment configuration. For example, automated conveyors in a factory assembly
line.
Programmable automation: In this type, the production equipment is designed with the
capability to change the sequence of operations to accommodate different product
configurations. Industrial robots are an example of programmable automation.

3. Explain Reasons for implementation of automated systems in manufacture industries.

ANS- Reasons for implementation of automated systems in manufacturing industries:
- Improved productivity and efficiency.
- Enhanced product quality and consistency.
- Reduction in labor costs and human error.
- Increased flexibility and adaptability to changes in production demands.
- Better utilization of resources and materials.

4. Write down the Advantages and disadvantages of using Robot in Manufacturing.

ANS- Advantages:
- Increased productivity and efficiency.
- Improved product quality and consistency.
- Reduced labor costs and human error.
- Enhanced safety by performing dangerous tasks.
Disadvantages:
- High initial investment and maintenance costs.
- Potential job displacement for human workers.
- Limited adaptability to complex or changing tasks without reprogramming.
- Dependence on skilled technicians for operation and maintenance.

5. Explain types of drive system in robot with suitable example.

ANS- Types of drive system in robot:
- Electric drive system: Utilizes electric motors for motion control. Example: SCARA
robot.
- Hydraulic drive system: Uses hydraulic actuators for motion. Example: Heavy-duty
industrial robots for lifting heavy loads.
- Pneumatic drive system: Relies on compressed air for actuation. Example: Pick and place
robots in packaging industries.
6.Explain Co-ordinate system used in Robotics.
ANS- - Cartesian coordinate system: X, Y, Z coordinates are used to define positions in a
3D space.
- Polar coordinate system: Uses radial distance, azimuth angle, and elevation angle to
define positions.
- Joint coordinate system: Specifies positions based on the angles of robotic joints.

7.Explain main component of Industrial Robot.

ANS- Main components of Industrial Robot:
- Manipulator: The arm-like component responsible for carrying out tasks.
- Controller: Controls the movement and operation of the robot.
- End effector: The tool attached to the robot's arm for performing specific tasks.
- Sensors: Provide feedback to the controller for precise operation.
- Power source: Provides energy to operate the robot.

8.Explain different types of sensors used in Industrial Robot.

ANS- Different types of sensors used in Industrial Robot are:
- Proximity sensors: Detect the presence or absence of objects.
- Vision sensors: Provide visual feedback for tasks such as object recognition and
navigation.
- Force/torque sensors: Measure forces and torques applied by the robot during interaction
with objects.
- Encoder sensors: Provide feedback on the position and speed of robot joints.
- Laser sensors: Used for precise measurement and scanning tasks.

9.Write down the need of robot in automation.

ANS- Need of robot in automation:
- To increase productivity and efficiency.
- To reduce labor costs and human error.
- To improve product quality and consistency.
- To perform repetitive or dangerous tasks.
- To enhance flexibility and adaptability in manufacturing processes.

10.Explain Manipulator and Degree of Freedom In robotics.

ANS- A manipulator is the arm-like component of a robot that interacts with its
environment. It consists of several segments connected by joints.
- Degree of freedom (DOF) refers to the number of independent ways a robot can move in
its environment. For example, a robot arm with three revolute joints and three prismatic
joints would have six degrees of freedom.

11.Explain robotic sensors and vision.

ANS- Robotic sensors provide feedback to the robot about its environment, allowing it to
perceive and interact with objects.
- Vision systems enable robots to "see" and interpret visual information, such as object
recognition, navigation, and quality inspection.
12.Explain Block Diagram of Functions of Machine Vision System.
ANS- Block Diagram of Functions of Machine Vision System:
- Image acquisition: Capturing images of the work area using cameras.
- Pre-processing: Filtering and enhancing images to improve their quality.
- Feature extraction: Identifying relevant features in the images, such as edges or colors.
- Object recognition: Matching extracted features to known objects or patterns.
- Decision-making: Based on the recognition results, deciding on the appropriate action
for the robot to take.

13.Explain Robot Control Systems.

ANS- Robot control systems manage the movement and operation of robots. They consist of
hardware and software components that receive inputs from sensors and execute commands
to control the robot's motion and tasks.

14.Explain functions of Mechanical Grippers.

ANS- Functions of Mechanical Grippers:
- Mechanical grippers are used to grasp and manipulate objects in robotic applications.
- They can have different designs such as two-finger, three-finger, or multi-fingered
grippers.
- Functions include gripping, releasing, and holding objects securely during manipulation
tasks.

15.Explain End Effectors Types in Robotics.

ANS- End effectors are the tools or devices attached to the end of a robot's arm for
performing specific tasks.

1. Grippers: Grippers are perhaps the most common type of end effector. They are
designed to grasp, hold, and release objects of various shapes, sizes, and materials.
2. Suction Cups: Suction cups use vacuum pressure to adhere to smooth surfaces and
securely lift objects. They are often used in applications where a strong, reliable grip
is needed on flat or curved surfaces.
3. Welding Torches: Welding torches are specialized end effectors used in robotic
welding applications. They are equipped with welding electrodes and are capable of
performing various types of welding processes, such as MIG (Metal Inert Gas), TIG
(Tungsten Inert Gas), or spot welding.
4. Cutting Tools: Cutting tools, such as blades or rotating cutters, are used for material
removal applications in industries like manufacturing and construction.