P K M Educational Trust ®

R. R. INSTITUE OF TECHNOLOGY
Affiliated to VTU, Belgaum and Approved by AICTE, New Delhi, Recognized by
Govt. of Karnataka Accredited by NAAC with ‘B+’ Raja Reddy Layout,
Chikkabanavara, Bengaluru-560 090

Presentation On

“HEALTH EFFECTS ON HUMANS”

Associated with the subject
Environmental Studies
(21CIV57)
Under the Guidance of
Dr. Savitha A L
Assistant Professor
Department of Civil Engineering
Submitted By
Department of Computer Science and Engineering

Name : KRUTHI M L
USN : 1RI21CS054
Section : ‘A’ (Sem V)
INTRODUCTION

The relationship between the environment and human health is intricate

and multifaceted, shaping the well-being of individuals and communities
worldwide. Environmental health, a crucial aspect of public health, focuses
on the impact of environmental factors on human health. From air and
water quality to climate change and biodiversity loss, environmental
conditions profoundly influence various aspects of human health, ranging
from physical ailments to mental well-being. This essay explores the
complex interplay between environmental health and human well-being,
examining the significant effects of environmental factors on human
populations.

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ENVIRONMENT AND HUMAN HEALTH

Environmental health refers to the branch of public health concerned with In environmental studies, the focus is
the impact of environmental factors on human health. These factors include on understanding how various aspects
air and water quality, soil contamination, exposure to hazardous substances, of the environment impact human
climate change, and more. Environmental hazards can lead to various health. This includes examining the
health problems such as respiratory diseases from air pollution, waterborne effects of pollution, climate change,
illnesses, neurological disorders from exposure to toxins, and increased risk biodiversity loss, and other
of certain cancers. Additionally, environmental changes, like climate environmental factors on physical and
change, can exacerbate existing health issues and lead to the spread of mental well-being. Ultimately, the goal
diseases through altered ecosystems and extreme weather events. Overall, is to develop strategies for mitigating
maintaining a healthy environment is crucial for safeguarding human health these risks and promoting a healthier
and well-being. environment for human populations.

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AIR QUALITY AND RESPIRATORY HEALTH

Poor air quality, often resulting from industrial emissions, vehicle exhaust, and
other sources of pollution, can lead to respiratory issues such as asthma,
bronchitis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Long-term
exposure to air pollutants like particulate matter and nitrogen dioxide has been
linked to cardiovascular diseases and premature mortality.

One of the most pressing environmental health concerns is air pollution, which
poses significant risks to respiratory health. Inhalation of pollutants such as
particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide, sulphur dioxide, and ozone can lead to a
range of respiratory problems, including asthma, bronchitis, and chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Particularly vulnerable populations, such
as children, the elderly, and individuals with pre-existing respiratory conditions,
are at higher risk of adverse health effects from air pollution exposure. Long-term
exposure to polluted air has also been linked to cardiovascular diseases and
premature mortality, highlighting the importance of addressing air quality issues
for public health.

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WATER QUALITY AND WATERBORNE DISEASES

Contaminated water sources can harbour pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, and
parasites, leading to waterborne diseases like cholera, dysentery, and typhoid fever.
Additionally, exposure to chemical contaminants in water, such as lead, arsenic, and
pesticides, can have adverse effects on human health, causing neurological disorders,
reproductive problems, and certain types of cancer.

Access to clean and safe drinking water is essential for maintaining human health, yet
waterborne diseases remain a significant global health concern, particularly in developing
countries with inadequate sanitation infrastructure. Contaminated water sources can
harbour pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, and parasites, leading to illnesses like cholera,
dysentery, typhoid fever, and hepatitis. Improving water quality through water treatment
and sanitation measures is critical for preventing waterborne diseases and promoting
public health, especially in regions where access to clean water is limited.

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CLIMATE CHANGE AND HEALTH IMPACTS

Changes in climate patterns, driven largely by human activities like burning fossil fuels
and deforestation, have profound implications for human health. Rising temperatures
contribute to heat-related illnesses and exacerbate respiratory conditions. Altered
precipitation patterns can lead to flooding and waterborne diseases, while shifts in
ecosystems increase the prevalence of vector-borne diseases like malaria and dengue
fever. Climate-related extreme weather events, such as hurricanes, floods, and
wildfires, pose immediate threats to human lives and health, as well as long-term
challenges for communities in terms of recovery and resilience.

Climate change, driven by human activities such as burning fossil fuels and
deforestation, has far-reaching implications for human health. Rising temperatures,
changing precipitation patterns, and more frequent extreme weather events exacerbate
health risks, including heat-related illnesses, respiratory problems, vector-borne
diseases, and food insecurity. Vulnerable populations, such as low-income
communities and marginalized groups, are disproportionately affected by the health
impacts of climate change, amplifying existing health disparities. Mitigating climate
change and adapting to its effects are essential for protecting human health and
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ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
BIODIVERSITY LOSS AND ECOSYSTEM HEALTH

Loss of biodiversity, resulting from habitat destruction, pollution, and climate change,
disrupts ecosystems and diminishes their ability to provide essential services that support
human health. Healthy ecosystems contribute to clean air and water, regulate climate,
pollinate crops, and control pests and diseases. Biodiversity loss can increase the spread of
infectious diseases, decrease food security, and compromise access to natural resources
essential for traditional medicine and livelihoods.

Biodiversity loss, resulting from habitat destruction, pollution, overexploitation of natural

resources, and climate change, not only threatens ecosystems but also poses risks to human
health. Healthy ecosystems provide essential services, such as pollination, water
purification, and disease regulation, which directly or indirectly benefit human
populations. Disruption of ecosystems can increase the spread of infectious diseases, alter
food availability and nutritional quality, and diminish the resilience of communities to
environmental changes. Conservation efforts aimed at preserving biodiversity and restoring
degraded ecosystems are critical for safeguarding human health and ecosystem integrity.

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BUILT ENVIRONMENT AND PUBLIC HEALTH

Urbanization and industrialization have transformed the built environment,

influencing human health outcomes. Access to green spaces, safe housing, and
public transportation can promote physical activity, reduce stress, and improve
mental well-being. Conversely, environments characterized by pollution, noise,
traffic congestion, and social isolation can contribute to chronic diseases, mental
health disorders, and social inequities.

The built environment, encompassing urban infrastructure, transportation systems,

housing, and land use patterns, profoundly influences human health and well-being.
Access to green spaces, safe walking and biking routes, and public transportation
options can promote physical activity, reduce stress, and improve mental health
outcomes. Conversely, environments characterized by pollution, noise, traffic
congestion, and social isolation can contribute to chronic diseases, mental health
disorders, and social inequities. Urban planning and design strategies that prioritize
health and sustainability, such as compact development, mixed land use, and green
infrastructure, can enhance public health and create more livable communities.

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CONCLUSION
The relationship between environmental health and human well-being is complex and
dynamic, with environmental factors exerting profound influences on human populations
worldwide. Addressing environmental health challenges requires holistic approaches that
integrate public health, environmental protection, social equity, and sustainable development
goals. By promoting clean air and water, mitigating climate change, conserving biodiversity,
reducing chemical exposures, improving the built environment, and advancing
environmental justice, we can safeguard human health and create healthier, more resilient
communities for future generations. Only through concerted efforts and collaborative action
can we address the interconnected challenges of environmental health and ensure a
sustainable and healthy future for all.

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