ee | a ee fib {| — | classmate A =6: ors, Energy and Power Work —2 Work is sad to be clone whenever o force acts on 5 jr stance fn the direction, of the force - x td i is v Types of work & aw Postifve_uoorl. ai Negative work Zero. A ork Dimensions of v0" k te Work = Force x displacement, W {uur} x L) why w tur] x lly Soule = 107 erg | _———— a) Ques: || gardener pushes —alavon_roler hrougn a_distance met ao-m Tt_he_opplies _o_force of 86 kq wt ino direction inclined. ot 604p the ground find the work done. by tin | Make g =4-@ m/c —fins Gi i = gom find force = 80kq wt “= G0x98 = AON IPod 5 =6o — fo Werk done Fs cose = (46x 90x J. (460 T aebo Ps Mass 6 eo Mass © en gm —> 4 oO6mM —5 1-2 eX__siassmate, TE = im 3 Fox Bie % )—> Area under nitude and direction , then,lp fore = asbx acts ona particle along % ditection_Lohere ° Y voork done by fotce_> QO and b are Constants. Eind +he Curing the di placement from ot =0 to med. Given, f= o4bx Ws “Plot bx) dx. ° Wo “Pade + “f pada 4 w Fs We ofdu+ phadn ° y 2 Woe d+ bi xry* : ac+ ba? is} A_hody moves from point A to ® under the action OF ta force Varying tn magnitude as shou in Fig. Obtain the work done. ck Ft of LE ° aa i atti s Ae 55 rip ppt “S Area under fs gragh Gives work done. So Brea = (10x) + 1 (iors E eo. JouIS) 4 | (8x1) 4sxy) A. Area = ios in-s = 99-5 7classmate Date. Poge Energy: Ability todo works by a: body ..: Mechanical_energy ‘Kinetic energy: The energy y possed.— possi essed: by avbody by the e virtue of f ta motion pie tg; Oat moving: of road tE- = dmv a U=Q ———> V Since, ve ur= a05. fo aw 2 v= Sa: al (Cans 26 —_ i ‘ travel: istan: _||te W = Fo ee : ves > W = (mays aE 7 iw mvt 2 1 my* Zz @ : Expression, for work done danslds a Doda Gf anda iially Crest fore f vector Lied_on re vector fn Tts own diveciion. therefore’ the emali-amount. lof work done wil _b re 3 dW: Fide dw = Fds Cos(oy dw: Fds ————-@_ As per Newton's nm lous F = mdu @ ¢—< ——lPuling volue of FE fo Oe QW = mdv d d& ae dw = mdv.y v ——__I> dW = | mdvv ee I pe mye.am Mence, KE oP. |_|et ¢ iWork energy’ theorem ! it tates that the work done | by nek foe aaifog on the 1 ee) tnd fs colo the change_poduced tae of te ___| ao f_octs_on 0. -massm_and produces ‘a we covering o distance 2’ faal_vitlnehy bev. DB vw = Bas =-my- mu* - mas 2 2 2 2 _imv*- | mut = fs =W z 2 * fe We = AKE = Kp -K? ——> flat enesgy theorem Por_variable. force Suppose o variable force ‘f vector acts on’ a body of mass ‘r Se a LW. P.dd a = as tans dW = du. Ss Total, work done when the body Tofeases. $s_veladiy from u— Vv. fdas + {mdv.v eof = yyy), 2Given, ma: Us Soo pS = jbo. MPS Ve us 8as Wooo = E4o000 + Qa Qa = 680000 OQ _=-315600 rps” la Now, € = ma { = Fe 10 ,-@iS000 _ +3150 N tone a Tooo = : | | Surs: [ff soe Uineor momentum tnereased by 20'/ then ushot wit be | ithe increment in KE 2 | | ki “ | [ost Sinsr-gopmentumn)_—Isuetaeneagy j Let tine near _mornentum be ‘p' initfolly. _—_—- low, AT. it ‘increased. by ao} . Po P= pt 209 = op {oo T 5 Fea ienes a = [Change in Kinetic enetgy = Cts - BeFlas . oer - > Bet BE —; [eo Increment in KE. = 36P° _ p? np en? 244 i Som Wy = = pe R100 50M gg = ar am a] go There. i ‘incre: in Ke by 44%. 4ean mestuts Patential energy > Eneigy possessed bya _b by the Virtue | tts position stn the | Fed ce, aren Configuration, es OF energy G rntonel fetes faeiay Ene eae 2 Eh = mgh. =_mgh___ hiss dan agel retshe_ gay ds fated as the gravitational, Potential —eneigy Conservative a1 m= tive force — _ = Conservative force’ A force: ts conservative Tf wor' fo Andapendent of the’. ‘patin_follouard -and_o Ow wf calmed if voork done by fae along closed. ba: it force is conservotive in noture. oo . el ATT waras [Oo Wen = = aa an fam peo de oat egy 1a a Fs the work done. 7 w= f €(a) do FE Av = -wW 7% Au_= Tt ead a eC forente ° + du nd [7h fend} == Fa) dx de | J t so Avi) _ - Fray dx | Ker otenti m i Ss neti hose negative + f X i We can define o- conservative force as a. force. which f. tquol to the negative gradiant Of: potential energy. Gravitational force {6 a con etvarive force \Ne_ know U= mgh fhe negative gradiant of oe yi mg. — ad = =diltoga) ==mg % Ie Gravitational force i conservative farce. v pears 8a4 |lPrinciple_of conservation of_mechanical_eneyg it states that, the 4otal_mechantcal. energ Va if fps conservative 4 forces _ are. dang amt on te Suppose. ody is displaced by Ax by_ep : - My {—Conservative. Force Fay Wie AKE > Frag bx = AK z Nowa, since; Fog = - pu Bn ee fo -AD OX . AKE OX : 3 -Av =_AKE = BU + AKE oO a fu if “Afv+ ke) © _ then, U+KE —»> constant Hence, KE;4 Uz = Kee + Up _ Ques: Sf the KE ofa fea ctninere Joie. ty StaEqmastaga ah Ip increase 2__ Since, KE = po am = Nov. AT, KE Touttasedby- ton SAKE] = Se9 KE =. SKE +ke = 4KE : jor ez | &- Pez Jkeem = ‘Jamke Wed. pp = [ake = 2, sien &. Change im P= VEMKE 90 ar ane P= loos Hence See a\em|s [Conservation of mechanfeal. ene *tgy-in.a freely falling body Wy TaD, 0 Mn = 0 __P, = mg fa Aine, hn | Bye * Pe = Ghz) xe Kove Usi E - 2ing_equintion of motion =I Ve = aga >| Ve = J age 7 > — Kes _4m( liga) = mga KE.= mah. And PE, = malo) Hence, ME, > mglaa— | 2 2, Potential. Energy of 0. Sprin ——| 3 J fs =0 a ete _— Bro | e—fséo Cve) ——T_ 4 |] aso? Expansion fase x I ——> we) rer 9 a0 (-ve), Compression. — x According +o tHooke’s the displacement of the block frorn the equilibrium ~ position. oiffress constant Hive. sign Shows Hat ___ $1_unit_of “k’ —— > newton/ m Mne work done bythe force. for o smolL extension dee. duo = Fray. dC : duo = Fdx Cose = duo = - Fdx (eos 0” = +1) ds = — Kader (fo. block ia moved from an ‘nitial posttiow. %; to final, — 2,0 po ition &- then. Wey fda a Wes = "AP — tend ay PB We) = -K Se = KGa)ier fore _spring force ie_conseru ree. fine work one P the spring force wil foe ______ fs nak done by-external_force wilt be __ U_—— fnerease tn PEclessate lek us_onnsider any intermedfate posiifon a bluo oS [At_potnt & _ — —Hn—Ond Lops TE, = KE, + PE L kot = fz ta 4 Kim mvt ft K% = oo " eo 2 eon. ue. ° . 1c tquilibrium position i-e, at point 4 =0 an o © ond Ug 20 _ Ky = A INV max Sine, ve [6 t= a") m ce Bt X20, Ving =| é m\ oe = J aa < A has? Fi ont (K) 440 N- ‘oO. culocte the may” —-——|distonce througt which the spring—is— npressec fins _[Gven mass —> &Kg 3] [im MeXgnt —> 109 + \y Spxing constant (i) —> 490 N Bint ress om. So Hel =(\1)m x °, Fig: Before dropping . —lisieg_tonserunion_of ener py ES =! too, (h+9) = tha" — oka: Sl mata = Llaaoya” | a - [ow a QxIk (140) = 1 (496 af 2K9] 1 = 14% Bese a 2 ast an-@= 0 fe x = 2+ Jaraoo 50 | [aw = as [aoe | 50 HM = Qrl4-88 16-88 _ 9.3256 m 50 50 =classmate » |Power: Rate at whitch ke a — Pag OW. Px . Fv eaaanes oe 7 & 2 Pract —= = a _ at ~ > Prgt-of.d3 - Fv | at Unit of ower —> ys or uot (Dimension —? mor * | \ Horse Power — > 446 uoatt — gus: A machine gun fires 60/ min with a velocity of Yoo mps. Uf | im { aa 10 fc by the gun fins Given, 6nsec ——? 60 60 Met \sec_——9 go. 1 bullet fe There are 60 builets . 2, Mass ——> 60xSO = 30009 = Bkg Now, Ke = 4inv™ ' ke = 1, 3x Yoo xo = : Now, power 2. We Ktn160 9400 _—_12a509] — MD> lUfeton, I P collision is sotd to i ag Physically collide with each o ther or Tf the pointer pnth, « ——tHe-one_ fs affected by the force of the-otner. "4 » 1) Acre eRe nar ar ees ‘iy peo. of collision (ay on Nov — > Ki Cie During collisfon. v ¥ 1 (we GY? Ky (v'sv) Since, the linea momentum fs conserved 3 in_any collision Mherefore. MU, +M,U, = My, + Mv, ——> Potential enetay 2 2 mur = 2, = 1 foals fmt: baste} een (S mi(¥-v) 2 me (Vi-ur) ay m, (uv) = m,(vit-u2) ay Pei (uw) (utv,y) = ty (Cve- Yr) (VatU2)) Seber) (usu) = Ta) (Ve+0r) > Wty Vatu, > Wy Up = N= ai — Hence, Yelative velocih OF approach 16 equal to velative vot Of separation . —classmate. Nelocitfes of the body after collision Z From equation di )_weg Vp = Uy-UrtV) —— iy) Puting value -Df-dv_in_equatfon ci) we get MUy+ Mey = MV + Me (Uy-u, +V,) M,U, + Mo Ug = MV y+ MU, My Ug tMav, 1 10, U,+ Mo Uo ae ™m,+1,.) +, Uy =, MU,+ AMoUe-MaU, = VC mM an Ny = Mur + &mMes - Moy MitMs Ny = _(m-me) Uy 2M mM, +m mtM, And. vy > {Me-my \yos 2myuy (mam, 7 my tM 9 Now, if m,=m, =m | lets say) hen Vy = Up rainy Mies Uys ; When a body coWides against a statfonar © mass , then Us =O 5 My=Ms =m => y,=0 N22 Uy @w When a light body caliides with a massive body and reat Here, mM, << Mo => mytmM, & Me = my-m, Y ~ me = Mo =O u fo vy = ( Uy-u,) Ve =O V, =-4) dv) When_o massive boda coli i f Here, 1, >> mn 2M, -mg 2 Mm, and mitm, Y my, Da Vr and WwtO Ma-Mmy 2m . (Same us + 2M = Quyfe iho colnet 1s Perfectly tnelastic. collision, Cm Jo TN eee 7 a Ur Ug Cs C } M=(mtm,_) Using Conservation of momentury =_mM,U, + Mey =(m.em 2 mu, = (mite) = v = mur m\tMs * x* erefore, Loss in the kinetie energy AK = Ke-Ke) @__bK= tm? +-(m.tm, Vv > _ bk = mur = 1 (meme (muy y* Mame ] | 3 8% = 1 mut Lemus tM, > hk - 4 (Cmutmg)ue \ m4+™M> INow, Ke Ve Crying) y> KT Ya (ou) =p Ke t yt,classmate. Oz | a | ~~ Ispahe target massive then f — ca - = Ke =0 I Mence, when a_tight body Collides against any massive nd sticks tp Tt then ol of of tis binedic energy to lace. Sing, a, Perfectly inelastic. collision): = ccc 7 ‘ ( Uy sal se : m}—> - = Ae (arrest) —— — _ Fs acme 7 Vi Sind, Bpphyi : -oxt m,U,= M,v, (se, + m,v,Cos0, ———) Bpplying conservation. of momentum along y-axis ——| {P)y_olong_y-axis_for_m, ond rn, are zero mv, Sine, ~ mV, Sina, =O ———ty From conservation of Ke: dmur = Lye 2 jue _ 2 my? = mvs mye ——i) t Ee eee te @, cannot be ted. os Thus, by measuring ¢ «of the fan nknown experimentally. ne nlite of-cther thre canbe daterfned 2 mu. = mv. 3 MeVe" m(ue-y.*) = Mev” D_m(v-vbrv) = Mave\ (eae = ° = ‘ o cy Oo \— a Glancing collision. — usually elastic— e for such eolifston, 0, =0 , O, =40 Putting © values in. she allowing _equadtion ure qek MV, = My, Cogo, + MeVe Coses _ mv, = My boy w 3 7 Now, pulling & {n_anoth at 1S as ws g-2_values_in_anothereq,—th follows, mii Sine, = MVveSines L meve = 0 Ve =-0 Mf Ve2O then, Kinetic energy of target particle wil be zx —* (Kinetic energy of the ‘incident particle doesn't change. a ‘tead._on. collision. incident partfole , ie, ©, = 0 nthe equation, mv, = MV, lose, + meVe Coleg M0, = MV, Cose, + Move (2f 02. 0°) sp = rai Coge + Mave Now, in. equation MViSine, = MeVs Sines Myvi Sine, = 0 (if ®2 > 0°) > either, vio or ©. = 40 JS Lv mor = mv + mes for head on collfston. 4 1 or 0 49 © 1 Kinetic energy vemain unchanged as pet equation. ay it Lnstic_collfst on for. tdeeal pa Hickes “oa Fee My = Mo =m (Lets lets say.) Using equodion,, —hmo2= Lov? Sad fugit £ Burs vie,” Rea matter of fact using conservation of linear momentum _ (P\i_= (Pe =) rm ws = mv + owe ea Pema) e. ur = Gis 2). ur Us = (Ws Vay Verve) OY = MeV anew > SS 2 >) 2 wes ys gh VE —) > —~4.vr = a oe ioe Nn 2D collision , Vv, 1s ence, when masses are equol 4 A !classmate, O20 fFiekent of Restitution, i ‘aki0_o: e oO ve elastt es 54 c O 2 KE keeps on increasing