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BATTLE OF HYDASPES ppt.

May 19, 2023 • 0 likes • 138 views
EMMANUEL NYANGARESI Follow

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BATTLE OF HYDASPES ppt.

1. BATTLE OF HYDASPES COMPILED BY 19-May-23 EE NYANGARESI 1
2. INTRODUCTION  The Battle of Hydaspes was a decisive battle fought between the armies of Alexander the Great and the King Porus (also known as Poru, Paurava) in 326 BC 19-
May-23 EE NYANGARESI 2
3. Alexander the Great 19-May-23 EE NYANGARESI 3
4. King Porus 19-May-23 EE NYANGARESI 4
5. MAP 19-May-23 EE NYANGARESI 5
6. MAP 19-May-23 EE NYANGARESI 6
7.  The Battle of Hydaspes took place on the banks of the Jhelum River (referred to by the old Greeks as Hydaspes) in the Punjab region of the Indian subcontinent (modern-day
Punjab, Pakistan) 19-May-23 EE NYANGARESI 7
8. 19-May-23 EE NYANGARESI 8
9.  It ended in a victory for Alexander’s Macedonian Army  The battle is significant for opening up the Indian subcontinent to Ancient Greek political and social influences 19-May-
23 EE NYANGARESI 9
10. AIM  To give you the great knowledge on the Battle of Hydaspes 19-May-23 EE NYANGARESI 10
11. SCOPE  INRODUCTION  BACKGROUND OF THE BATTLE OF HYDASPES  TIMING OF THE BATTLE  CAUSES OF THE BATTLE OF HYDASPES 19-May-23 EE NYANGARESI 11
12.  EVENTS OF THE BATTLE OF HYDASPES  PORUS CAPTURED  BATTLE OF HYDASPES - HISTORICALLY SIGNIFICANT  CONCLUSION 19-May-23 EE NYANGARESI 12
13. BACKGROUND OF THE BATTLE  After Alexander defeated the last of the Achaemenid Empire’s forces in 328 BC, he began a new campaign to further extend his empire towards
India in 327 BC  Alexander's initial march across India went relatively unchallenged, gaining a number of allies along the way 19-May-23 EE NYANGARESI 13
14.  With the hope of avoiding a battle with the Indian king, he sent an agent to Porus seeking a peaceful resolution, but the proud king refused to pay tribute, telling Alexander
that he would meet him in battle 19-May-23 EE NYANGARESI 14
15.  He felt confident, believing his greatest defense lay in the river itself - over a mile wide, deep, and fast moving  By the time of Alexander's arrival it would be further swollen
by the monsoon season and the melting snow of the Himalayas 19-May-23 EE NYANGARESI 15
16. TIMING OF THE BATTLE  Porus believed and hoped Alexander would have to either wait for the monsoon season to end before crossing or simply abandon his quest and leave
 In preparation for the Macedonians' arrival, he stationed his army in a defensive position along the river and waited 19-May-23 EE NYANGARESI 16
17.  While exact numbers vary, estimates place Porus with 20-50,000 infantry, over 2,000 cavalry, upwards to 200 elephants and more than 300 chariots 19-May-23 EE NYANGARESI
17
18. 19-May-23 EE NYANGARESI 18
19. 19-May-23 EE NYANGARESI 19  As in previous battles, Alexander would be facing an army that outnumbered him, something that never seemed to worry him  Unfortunately
for Porus, he had underestimated the brilliance of the young Macedonian king
20.  As Porus had anticipated, Alexander made camp directly across from him on the west side of the Hydaspes and gave every indication he would wait for the monsoon season
to end 19-May-23 EE NYANGARESI 20
21. 19-May-23 EE NYANGARESI 21
22.  But, in reality, he had no intention of waiting  In order to prepare for the inevitable battle, he had gathered support from many of the local rajahs including Taxila - a move
Alexander had hoped would anger Porus 19-May-23 EE NYANGARESI 22
23.  Alexander had also arrived at the Hydaspes well- prepared 19-May-23 EE NYANGARESI 23
24.  Before marching into India, he had recruited additional troops from many of the Persian territories he had conquered, training them in the Macedonian style of fighting - a
move that had angered the veteran Macedonian soldiers 19-May-23 EE NYANGARESI 24
25.  Lastly, anticipating Porus' use of elephants, he added Scythian horse-archers 19-May-23 EE NYANGARESI 25
26. 19-May-23 EE NYANGARESI 26
27. CAUSES OF THE BATTLE OF HYDASPES  Alexander dreamt of ruling the world and was very close to achieving that dream  He established the largest empire in the world with
his unmatched military skills, and after conquering the Persian Empire, he focused on probing into Northern India 19-May-23 EE NYANGARESI 27
28.  As Alexander was walking through India, King Porus flanked him.  Alexander knew that he couldn't leave this risky adversary stowing away in the wilderness of India and
ready for a conflict 19-May-23 EE NYANGARESI 28
29.  So Alexander set up his camp close to the right bank of the river Jhelum  Porus drew upon the south bank of the Jhelum River to deter Alexander from it 19-May-23 EE
NYANGARESI 29
30.  Both sides realized that an immediate intersection of the river would cost them the conflict 19-May-23 EE NYANGARESI 30
31. EVENTS OF THE BATTLE OF HYDASPES  The battlefield of this remarkable war was the east bank of the Hydaspes River (also known as Jhelum, a tributary of the Indus River)
19-May-23 EE NYANGARESI 31
32. 19-May-23 EE NYANGARESI 32
33.  Alexander isolated his military, leaving a little power with Craterus confronting Porus on the portage while taking the vast majority of the military to cross a second passage
17 miles (27 km) away 19-May-23 EE NYANGARESI 33
34. Porus battle line  When Porus discovered that Alexander had progressed over the stream, he proceeded to assault.  The battle ground suited Porus  Porus exerted his
mounted force on the flanks and infantry in the middle, with the elephants in front 19-May-23 EE NYANGARESI 34
35.  The cavalry was placed on the wings behind the chariots 19-May-23 EE NYANGARESI 35
36. • Elephants • Chariots • Cavalry • Infantry 19-May-23 36 EE NYANGARESI
37. Alexanders battle line  Wanted to eliminate Porus cavalry first, then the infantry  Placed most of cavalry on his right hand side  But he hid the remainder of his cavalry on
the left under the command of Coenus 19-May-23 EE NYANGARESI 37
38.  His orders were to ride around the Indian line and attack from the rear 19-May-23 EE NYANGARESI 38
39. Phalanx • Cavalry • Light troops • Infantry 19-May-23 39 EE NYANGARESI
40.  In the middle, the Macedonian phalanx was nearly broken by the charging elephants; however, in the end, they drove them off just to confront the Indian infantry  Alexander
went after on the right yet neglected to track down a hole to take advantage of with his horsemen 19-May-23 EE NYANGARESI 40
41.  At the point when Coenus got back to the front line at the back of the Indians, Alexander had the option to overcome the Indian rangers and surround the infantry  Porus
shifts all of his cavalry to his left  Alexander is first to attack when he sends his visible cavalry against Porus cavalry 19-May-23 EE NYANGARESI 41
42.  Porus takes the bait and sends in all his cavalry, just as Alexander had hoped  Alexander hidden cavalry on his left move in behind Porus cavalry  Surrounded the Indian
cavalry retreats behind elephants 19-May-23 EE NYANGARESI 42
43.  Alexander gives the orders for his infantry to advance  Porus sends his elephants who charge through Alexander infantry  Seeing this the Indian cavalry are encouraged
charge again but forced back again  Alexander encircles Indian cavalry 19-May-23 EE NYANGARESI 43
44.  The Indian elephants become confused and begin to attack their own, killing many  Some Indians begin to flee through a gap in the Greeks line  Craterus and his men now
in position behind the Indian and they clean up the fleeing Indians 19-May-23 EE NYANGARESI 44
45.  Porus remains with his army and fights bravely until he is wounded  Porus retires from the battlefield on his elephant and then reluctantly surrenders 19-May-23 EE
NYANGARESI 45
46. PORUS CAPTURED  Throughout the battle, King Porus remained on his elephant, despite suffering severe wounds, shocked to see his army flee but still reluctant to admit
defeat and surrender 19-May-23 EE NYANGARESI 46
47. 19-May-23 EE NYANGARESI 47
48.  Alexander approached the proud, defeated king and asked him how he wanted to be treated - to which Porus responded that he wanted to be treated as a king 19-May-23 EE
NYANGARESI 48
49. 19-May-23 EE NYANGARESI 49  Alexander respected this and told Porus he would remain king, owing allegiance to Alexander  From Hydaspes Alexander continued on
towards the Indian Ocean. Sadly, this final march would be without his beloved Bucephalus
50.  The great horse who he had been with him since his youth had died - reportedly either from old age (he was over thirty) or battle wounds. Alexander would build a city in his
honor, Bucephalia 19-May-23 EE NYANGARESI 50
51.  Alexander would return to Babylon where he would die in 323 BCE 19-May-23 EE NYANGARESI 51
52.  Following his death, his vast empire would be the scene of a series of Successor Wars for the next three decades 19-May-23 EE NYANGARESI 52
53. CONCLUSION  One of the main reasons behind Alexander's win was his clever tactics  Plus, the Macedonians' superior discipline and technology made winning the battle a
lot easier for the great military mind, Alexander 19-May-23 EE NYANGARESI 53
54.  In fact, the lessons from the Battle of Hydaspes is that the requirement for military preparation before battles is very important 19-May-23 EE NYANGARESI 54
55. REFERENCES  https://www.worldhistory.org/article/660/battle-of- hydaspes/  https://WWW.Battle of Hydaspes - History, Cause, Events, Significance
(byjusexamprep.com)  https://WWW.Battle of Hydaspes 326 BC - Background and Legacy [UPSC Ancient History Notes] (byjus.com) 19-May-23 EE NYANGARESI 55

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